Spelling suggestions: "subject:"ecosystem managemement"" "subject:"ecosystem managementment""
61 |
Implementation of the European network: Natura 2000 : Determined according to overarching EU directives or through compromising ecological aspects?Westfahl Backlund, Martina January 2008 (has links)
Global biodiversity is currently being lost at an unprecedented rate, posing a threat to vital ecosystems and hence the generation of ecosystem services that human society is entirely reliant upon. Within the European Community, the EU has set a target of halting biodiversity loss within the territory by 2010. This goal is intended to be operationalized by the implementation of the Habitats Directive and the Birds Directive. These directives constitute the framework for the establishment of a coherent ecological network, referred to as the Natura 2000 network. This study examines and analyses the socio-ecological complexities surrounding the designation of Natura 2000 sites in Östhammar municipality, Sweden. The use of a case study-approach to focus on this area is applied in pursuit of identifying and explaining the inherent intricacies in the designation processes and linking them to the broader global context. Throughout Europe, biodiversity exists in a rich variety of grasslands, but only a few studies have been performed to establish appropriate conservation management strategiesrequired for each habitat. This study makes a significant contribution towards shedding light on the Natura 2000 designation process, a phenomenon which has previously been only modestly documented, especially in Sweden. Ecosystem management is discussed and utilized as the theoretical basis for managing ecosystems sustainably, and an important aspect of note is the recognition that the distinction between man and nature needs to be understood as artificial and arbitrary. The study explains how social-ecological factors have had a prominent effect on the designation process of Natura 2000 sites. The main determining factor behind the designation process has been the time-constraints, which have affected the designation of SCIs as well as the interaction between the Uppsala CAD and local stakeholders. The lack of adequate participatory approaches used during this process has heightened the risk of compromising the aim of the network: to achieve Favourable Conservation Status (FCS) for natural habitat types as well as species. / Biodiversiteten världen över minskar i en tidigare aldrig skådad hastighet vilket resulterar i ett hot mot fundamentala ekosystem, samt dess produktion av de ekosystemtjänster som det mänskliga samhället är beroende av. På grund av detta har EU satt upp målet att stoppa förlusten av biodiversitet inom unionens gränser tills 2010. Detta mål skall uppnås genom implementeringen av Habitat- och Fågeldirektivet. Dessa direktiv utgör ramen för etableringen av ett sammanhängande ekologiskt nätverk, det så kallade Natura 2000 nätverket. Denna studie utreder samt analyserar de socio-ekologiska aspekter som omger utpekandet av Natura 2000 områden i Östhammars kommun, i Uppsala län i Sverige. Genom appliceringen av en fallstudie av området söker denna uppsats att identifiera samt förklara inneboende svårigheter i processen av dessa utpekanden, samt att sätta dem i ett globalt sammanhang. Inom Europa existerar biodiversitet bland annat i olika typer av ängar, dock har endast ett fåtal studier tagit sig an uppgiften att formulera anpassade förvaltningsstrategier för dessa habitat. Denna studie bidrar till att sprida ljus över implementeringen av Natura 2000, ett fenomen som tidigare endast studerats i blygsam utsträckning, speciellt i Sverige. Den teoretiska grunden utgörs ekosystemansatsen, som appliceras för att utvärdera ett uthålligtförvaltande av ekosystem. Vidare understryks vikten av att betrakta ekosystem och mänsklig aktivitet som ett och samma system, och att synen på dem som skilda system bör anses artificiell och motsägelsefull. Denna uppsats förklarar hur socio-ekologiska aspekter har påverkat utpekandeprocessen av Natura 2000-områden i Östhammars kommun. De avgörande faktorerna bakom detta är en identifierad tidsbrist, vilket har influerat utpekandet av områden av gemenskapsintresse samt interaktionen mellan Länsstyrelsen i Uppsala och lokala markägare. Bristen på samverkan och information har resulterat i en förhöjd risk av att målet med nätverket inte kommer att nås: att åstadkomma gynnsam bevarandestatus för arter och habitat.
|
62 |
Linking ecosystem management to local economic development in Tillamook County, Oregon : a preliminary framework for planning /Bayham, Christopher E., January 2001 (has links)
Thesis (M.S.)--University of Oregon, 2001. / Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 215-220). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
|
63 |
Plants in the garden an approach to modeling the impact of industrial activities in ecosystems /Reap, John J. January 2004 (has links) (PDF)
Thesis (M.S.)--Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004. / Matthew J. Realff, Committee Member ; Farrokh Mistree, Committee Member ; Berdinus A. Bras, Committee Chair. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 191-195).
|
64 |
Caribbean Fisherman Farmers: A Social Impact Assessment of Smithsonian King Crab MaricultureStoffle, Richard W. January 1986 (has links)
This is an assessment of the social and cultural factors that potentially will influence the transfer of Caribbean King Crab or Mithrax mariculture as it has been developed in two West Indian project sites. The projects are located in Nonsuch Bay, Antigua, and Buen Hombre,Dominican Republic. The projects derive from an original proposal entitled "A New Mariculture Project for the Lesser Antilles," which was submitted by the Smithsonian Institution, Marine Systems Laboratory (MSL), to the U.S. Agency for International Development (AID). That project was funded as AID Project No. 598 -065. This anthropological and sociological assessment was contracted by the Smithsonian Institution as specified in P.O. No. ST5080090000 on July 10, 1985.
|
65 |
Antigua Mithrax Crab Mariculture PresentationStoffle, Richard W. 08 1900 (has links)
This presentation was created to supplement the Mithrax Crab culture technical report Caribbean Fishermen Farmers and provide images that can further convey an understanding of the analysis and findings presented in the Antigua portion of the report.
|
66 |
Dominican Republic Mithrax Crab Mariculture PresentationStoffle, Richard W. 08 1900 (has links)
This presentation was created to supplement the Mithrax Crab culture technical report Caribbean Fishermen Farmers and provide images that can further convey an understanding of the analysis and findings presented in the Dominican Republic portion of the report.
|
67 |
Sustainability dynamics of large-scale integrated ecosystem rehabilitation and poverty reduction projectsHiller, Bradley Todd January 2013 (has links)
No description available.
|
68 |
Examining adaptability of individuals in complex, virtual ecosystemsAbbyad, Marc P. January 2006 (has links)
Natural ecosystems are dynamic and complex, with many being threatened by human activity. However, humans can also be at the root of a solution to this problem by developing ecosystem engineering which can be used to design, construct, modify, upgrade, repair, remediate, and maintain ecosystems. The aim of this project was to improve virtual ecosystems that can be used to increase the knowledge base for ecological engineering by studying adaptability as a factor for the success of species. This was done by analysing adaptive species in a virtual ecosystem, a computer application with which various configurations can be designed and studied in a closed environment. The virtual ecosystems used in this project represent ecosystems in general rather than any specific ecosystem, and allow for repeatable test cases to be run so that ecosystem dynamics can be studied. Adaptability was defined as the ability of an individual to adjust to a short term environmental pressure according to two factors: the adaptation speed, which is how fast an individual can respond to a change in environment, and the adaptive capacity, which is a quantitative indicator of how much the individual is able to adapt. In this project, experiments were performed to determine the effects of adaptability when applied to one aspect of individuals in an ecosystem. From the results of the experiments it was seen that the adaptation speed value could affect the success of a producer species in an ecosystem both positively and negatively. It was also found that ecosystems with both a consumer and producer species could persist longer when adaptability was incorporated into the individuals of the consumer species.
|
69 |
Ecological factors influencing the survival of the Brenton Blue butterfly Orachrysops niobe (Trimen) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) / David A. EdgeEdge, David Alan January 2005 (has links)
The Brenton Blue butterfly, Orachrysops niobe (Trimen) is currently only known to be extant at
one locality in the southern Cape (the Brenton Blue Butterfly Reserve = BBBR), and currently
globally Red Listed as "Critically Endangered". This research investigates the life history and
ecological interactions of o. niobe and recommends management techniques for the BBBR.
Adult nectar sources and female oviposition behaviour are described. The first two larval instars
feed on the leaflets of the host plant Indigofera erecta Thunb., and the 3rd and 4th instar larvae feed
on this plant's woody rootstock, attended by ants Camponotus baynei Arnold. Cannibalism takes
place in the early larval stages. Adults emerge from late October - early December, from late
January to early March, and occasionally there is a third brood in April. Morphological and
behavioural features of the larvae are described, and larval growth patterns are compared to other
polyommatines. The nature of the myrmecophilous behaviour is assessed and the phylogenetic
relationships between Orachrysops, Euchrysops, Lepidochrysops, and other polyommatine genera
are discussed.
Ant assemblages at the BBBR are described from pitfall trap sampling and field observations of
interactions between O. niobe larvae and ants. The ant assemblages at the BBBR, Nature's Valley
Fynbos Reserve (NVFR) and Uitzicht 216/ 40 are compared. The potential impact of the
Argentine ant at the BBBR is discussed.
Adult and egg counts are used to study the population dynamics of O. niobe, leading to an
estimate of the adult butterfly population and its fluctuations. A population dynamics model is
constructed, and several factors impacting fecundity and mortality are assessed. Population studies
on other polyommatines are compared and discussed.
The morphology, reproductive biology and autoecology of the papilionoid legume I. erecta are
described. An explanation is offered why the larvae of O. niobe are monophagous on this plant.
Microhabitat variations cause changes in its vegetative morphology and this further explains the
restricted range of O. niobe. The population dynamics of I. erecta is investigated and the effects of
biotic and abiotic factors (including fire) assessed.
Braun Blanquet methodology is used to sample and classify the vegetation communities at the
BBBR. Ordination techniques are used to confirm the classification and to diagnose for
environmental gradients. Hypotheses are generated about the ecological processes functioning at
the site, and the environmental niche occupied by I. erecta. Correlations between the occurrence
xxii
of vegetation types and other plant species and I. erecta are sought and a strong association with
Pterocelastrus tricuspidatus is demonstrated.
Three study sites are described and the ecological history of the region is reconstructed.
Ecosystems are no longer fully functional because natural fire regimes and megaherbivores are
absent. It is suggested that O. niobe currently inhabits an interglacial refugium under stress from
the current global warming trend. The remaining suitable habitat is threatened by coastal property
development and environmental degradation. An increased population of o. niobe at the BBBR,
and establishment of new populations is essential to avoid extinction. Management techniques are
evaluated and a management strategy for the BBBR is proposed. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Environmental Science))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2006.
|
70 |
Granivores as ecosystem regulators of woody plant increasers in semi-arid Savannas of the Lowveld, South Africa.Petersen, Leif Michael. January 2006 (has links)
<p>In recent years, a global trend of increasing woody vegetation densities in semi-arid savanna habitats has been recorded, commonly described in South Africa as 'bush encroachment'. The shrubs and trees that do this (Increasers) have wrought significant economic and ecological impacts upon carrying capacities of large areas of savannas. This occurs, as suitable grazing areas are incrementally engulfed in shrubs and trees establishing new equilibria, from open savannas (essentially grasslands with scattered trees) into closed woodlands (treelands with scattered grasses). This thesis demonstrated a link between grass biomass, small mammal abundance and diversity, and their potential increaser seed/seedling predatory activities in the semi-arid Lowveld Savannas of South Africa.</p>
|
Page generated in 0.0999 seconds