Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-01T23:37:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_9173_A DISSERTAÇÃO.pdf: 2671123 bytes, checksum: 068a1c357e0c35f6f7567370b6354e5e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-31 / Este trabalho objetiva analisar a dinâmica de distribuição da quota estadual/municipal do salário-educação para o financiamento da educação básica em face do princípio da equidade, a partir dos critérios constitucionais e infraconstitucionais. A justificativa para analisarmos a quota parte do salário-educação que é distribuída aos estados e respectivos municípios se dá em razão de o referido valor ser proporcional ao montante arrecadado com este tributo por cada estado federado, o que nos despertou o interesse em investigar se essa sistemática está de acordo com o princípio da equidade expressamente previsto constitucionalmente para a distribuição dos recursos públicos aplicados no ensino obrigatório. Para tanto, utilizamos no desenvolvimento desta análise a Constituição Federal de 1988 e toda a legislação infraconstitucional que regulamenta o tributo e sua distribuição, bem como os referenciais teóricos de Emerson Gabarra e Gilberto Bercovici para a fundamentação do princípio da equidade. A nossa pesquisa é do tipo descritiva, quanto à forma de estudo; bibliográfica, quanto à coleta de dados; e exploratória, quanto ao objetivo. Com a adoção da perspectiva teórico-metodológica descrita acima, e utilizando a referida base teórica de análise, obtivemos como resultados deste trabalho a constatação de diferenças consideráveis entre os valores absolutos e relativos do salário-educação recebidos pelos estados e respectivos municípios, bem como a inexistência de norma constitucional que determine a distribuição da quota-parte do referido tributo de forma proporcional à arrecadação de cada estado, o que nos possibilitou inferir a inobservância do princípio constitucional da equidade na referida distribuição.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-02T00:03:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_9354_UM AMBIENTE COMPUTACIONAL PARA ARQUITETURA PEDAGÓGICA DEBATE DE TESES_versaoFinal.pdf: 3347296 bytes, checksum: 4b6a19f7cdde22c28145fc70c241c946 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-11-30 / Embora o uso da arquitetura pedagógica Debate de Teses seja desejável, seu uso não é algo trivial para o professor que coordena o debate. Nossa pesquisa busca encontrar contribuições para essa coordenação alcançando na tarefa de emparelhamento de revisores e reaproveitamento das teses seu foco de atuação, propondo uma solução que objetiva potencializar seu uso, de forma a contribuir com essa ferramenta. As teses são instrumentos importantes no debate, pois além de propor seu tema, buscam colocar os participantes em situações que promovam o choque de ideias e consequentemente a construção do conhecimento, sendo interessante que se crie um banco de teses para consulta e reutilização. Para que essa troca ocorra é necessário que se determine os pares que atuaram no choque de argumentações, trabalho do coordenador que pode ser intermediado por um sistema menos dependente de suas ações.

Food pantry clients are at an increased risk of poor diet quality which can lead to a variety of chronic diseases. Identifying nutrition interventions that help improve the dietary intake of this vulnerable population is important to help improve health outcomes. Utah’s Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program-Education (SNAP-Ed), also known as Food $ense, partners with many pantries throughout the state to improve healthy food access. This research was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of a pantry intervention, Thumbs Up for Healthy Choices, to evaluate its impact on food pantry clients’ selection and use of identified healthy foods. In addition to program evaluation, data identifying interest in programs such as Thumbs Up, as well as common barriers that prevent pantry clients from making healthy choices was also collected and analyzed. This research was funded through a Utah State University (USU) Extension mini-grant for $8,500. The findings will be used to guide future SNAP-Ed initiatives that aim to make the healthy choice the easy choice in food pantries. The results will also be used to build the evidence base for the Thumbs Up for Healthy Choices program, which will allow other SNAP-Ed programs throughout the country to adopt and implement this effective program.

In recent years, concerns have been raised over the effects of the overuse of agricultural pesticides on the environment and human health. Biocontrol agents (BCAs) can serve as an alternative to chemicals in integrated pest management (IPM) systems. Although the adoption of BCAs is strongly affected by the socioeconomic environment in which they are to be applied and by farmersâ€TM attitudes, these factors have been poorly investigated in BCA research and development programs. This thesis empirically investigates the farmersâ€TM attitude to an IPM that employs BCAs extensively to understand which are the factors that may prevent the adoption on large scale for this strategy and which may represent the key for its success. Moreover, it aims to provide some insight about the role of different source of information and of government in spreading information about BCAs. Simultaneously with the evaluation of the agro-systems (farms) in which there is the highest probability for successful BCA implementation, it is also important to understand whether there would be a market for products obtained with BCAs. This thesis focuses on identifying the attributes that have been shown to be relevant and determinant in purchasing and willingness to pay (WTP) for sustainable grown fruits and vegetables and on evaluating the consumersâ€TM preferences and their willingness to pay for fruit obtained with BCAs. Moreover, it aims to discover whether the consumers choice is influenced by threshold values (cut-offs).

This dissertation which consists of three essays investigates the influence of subjective probabilities on decision making processes under conditions of risk. In particular, it examines whether subjects adjust new risk information on their prior subjective estimates, and, to what extent this adjustment affects their choices. In the first essay, by using an artefactual field experiment, I examine the potential correlation between incentive compatibility and validity of subjective probabilities elicited via the Exchangeability Method, an innovative elicitation mechanism which consists of several chained questions. Here, validity is investigated using de Finetti’s notion of coherence under which subjective probabilities are coherent if and only if they obey all axioms and theorems of probability theory. Experimental results suggest that subjects provided with monetary incentives and randomized questions more likely express valid subjective probabilities than others because they are not aware of the chaining which undermines the incentive compatibility of the Exchangeability Method. In the second essay, by using the same experimental data, I show that valid subjective probabilities do not significantly diverge from invalid ones, indicative of little effect of internal validity on the actual magnitude of subjective probabilities. In the third essay, by using a field Choice Experiment, I investigate to what extent subjects adjust risk information given in the status quo alternative on their subjective probability estimates. An innovative two-stage approach that incorporates subjective probabilities into Choice Experiments’ design is developed to investigate this phenomenon, known as the scenario adjustment. In the first stage, subjective probabilities that given outcomes will occur are elicited using the Exchangeability Method. In the second stage, two treatment groups are designed: in the first group, each subject is presented with a status quo alternative which incorporates her/his subjective probabilities, and, hence, no adjustment is required; in the second group, each subject faces a status quo alternative where the presented risk is not consistent with her/his probability estimates, and, hence, a mental adjustment to the scenario might take place. By comparing willingness to pay across the treatment groups, my results suggest that, when subjects are provided with SQ alternatives in which the risk is lower than the perceived one, the mental adjustment takes place, but, when subjects are provided with SQ alternatives in which the risk is higher than their own estimates, these subjects appear to make irrational choices.

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The increase in patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) for primary care poses a serious safety issue in the care that can be provided. In a care area that is overcrowded, physicians, nurses, ancillary department staff, and other care team members may have a difficult time delivering care. Poorly managed flow in the ED leads to overcrowding, and patients with life-threatening illnesses are less likely to be transitioned to designated specialized areas in a safe and efficient manner. The practice-focused question was whether processes to improve the flow of patients entering the ED decreased the number of patients leaving without being seen, decreased time from the time entering the ED to hospital admission, improved the average length of stay, and increased patient satisfaction. The plan-do-check-act methodology was used to address this quality improvement project. Results of the project demonstrated a decrease in the number of patients leaving without being seen, a decrease in the time entering the ED to hospital admission, a decrease in average length of stay, and an increase in patient satisfaction. This project provided positive social change to the patients, families, organization, and community by improving the ED processes to ensure patient needs were addressed as rapidly as possible.

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