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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
31

Capacité de production et structure financière: utilisations stratégiques dans les jeux d'entrée.

Laye, Maximilien 03 October 2006 (has links) (PDF)
La thèse se concentre sur la question des choix stratégiques dans les jeux d'entrée (choix de capacité de production par la firme en place ou l'entrant, et choix de structure financière par l'entrant). Le chapitre 1 est fondé sur l'analyse de Gelman-Salop (1983). Lorsque la firme en place anticipe l'entrée, on démontre qu'il n'y a pas de surcapacité à l'équilibre. Dans une première extension, après entrée, les firmes s'entendent sur leurs niveaux de production respectifs. Les firmes surinvestissent alors en capacité afin d'affaiblir la position de l'adversaire dans la négociation. Dans une seconde extension, en présence d'asymétrie d'information sur les coûts de production, un entrant efficace peut être conduit à surinvestir en capacité pour se signaler aux investisseurs. Le chapitre 2 caractérise la décision optimale en capacité d'une firme en place dans le cas d'une demande croissante. Stratégiquement, une surcapacité peut dans ce cas avoir un objectif double: d'une part de retarder (voire de barrer) l'entrée, et d'autre part d'induire une entrée moins agressive en capacité. Nous montrons que ces objectifs ne sont pas conciliables. Le chapitre 3 propose une théorie de l'endettement stratégique par l'entrant. La firme en place et l'entrant peuvent négocier la sortie de ce dernier, par exemple par le biais d'un rachat. En s'endettant, l'entrant s'engage crédiblement à une concurrence agressive (effet de la responsabilité limitée) en cas d'échec de la négociation, améliorant ainsi sa position durant celle-ci. Le chapitre 4 propose une solution au problème de concurrence à la Cournot sous contraintes de capacité, dans un cadre multi-firmes, multi-usines et multi-marchés.
32

Robustesse des arbres phylogénétiques

Mariadassou, Mahendra 27 November 2009 (has links) (PDF)
La théorie synthétique de l'évolution a largement diffusé dans tous les domaines de la biologie, notamment grâce aux arbres phylogénétiques. S'ils ont une utilité évidente en génomique comparative, ils n'en sont pas moins utilisés dans de nombreux autres domaines allant de l'étude de la biodiversité à l'épidémiologie en passant par les sciences forensiques. Les arbres phylogénétiques sont non seulement une charactérisation efficace mais aussi un outil puissant pour étudier l'évolution. Cependant, toute utilisation d'arbre dans une étude suppose que l'arbre ait été correctement estimé, tant au niveau de la topologie que des autres paramètres, alors que cette estimation est un problème statistique compliqué et encore très ouvert. On admet généralement qu'on ne peut faire de bonne estimation sans les quatre pré-requis que sont (1) le choix d'un ou plusieurs gènes pertinents pour la question étudiée, (2) une quantité suffisante de données pour s'assurer une bonne précision d'estimation, (3) une méthode de reconstruction efficace qui s'appuie sur une modélisation fine de l'évolution pour minimiser les biais de reconstruction, (4) un bon échantillonnage de taxons. Nous nous intéressons dans cette thèse à quatre thèmes étroitement liés à l'un ou l'autre de ces pré-requis. Dans la première partie, nous utilisons des inégalités de concentration pour étudier le lien entre précision d'estimation et quantité de données. Nous proposons ensuite une méthode basée sur des extensions de Edgeworth pour tester la congruence phylogénétique d'un nouveau gène avec ses prédécesseurs. Dans la deuxième partie, nous proposons deux méthodes, inspirées des analyses de sensibilités, pour détecter les sites et taxons aberrants. Ces points aberrants peuvent nuire à la robustesse des estimateurs et nous montrons sur des exemples comment quelques observations aberrantes seulement suffisent à drastiquement modifier les estimateurs. Nous discutons les implications de ces résultats et montrons comment augmenter la robustesse de l'estimateur de l'arbre en présence d'observations aberrantes.
33

Edgeworth Expansion and Saddle Point Approximation for Discrete Data with Application to Chance Games

Basna, Rani January 2010 (has links)
We investigate mathematical tools, Edgeworth series expansion and the saddle point method, which are approximation techniques that help us to estimate the distribution function for the standardized mean of independent identical distributed random variables where we will take into consideration the lattice case. Later on we will describe one important application for these mathematical tools where game developing companies can use them to reduce the amount of time needed to satisfy their standard requests before they approve any game
34

Tendencies of character depiction in the domestic novels of Burney, Edgeworth, and Austen a consideration of subjective and objective world /

Voss-Clesly, Patricia. January 1979 (has links)
Thesis--Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg im Breisgau. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 840-866).
35

Tendencies of character depiction in the domestic novels of Burney, Edgeworth, and Austen a consideration of subjective and objective world /

Voss-Clesly, Patricia. January 1979 (has links)
Thesis--Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg im Breisgau. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 840-866).
36

Competing fictions eighteenth-century domestic novels, women writers, and the trope of female rivalry /

Johnston, Elizabeth. January 2005 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2005. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains v, 297 p. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 283-294).
37

More accurate two sample comparisons for skewed populations

Tong, Bo January 1900 (has links)
Doctor of Philosophy / Department of Statistics / Haiyan Wang / Various tests have been created to compare the means of two populations in many scenarios and applications. The two-sample t-test, Wilcoxon Rank-Sum Test and bootstrap-t test are commonly used methods. However, methods for skewed two-sample data set are not well studied. In this dissertation, several existing two sample tests were evaluated and four new tests were proposed to improve the test accuracy under moderate sample size and high population skewness. The proposed work starts with derivation of a first order Edgeworth expansion for the test statistic of the two sample t-test. Using this result, new two-sample tests based on Cornish Fisher expansion (TCF tests) were created for both cases of common variance and unequal variances. These tests can account for population skewness and give more accurate test results. We also developed three new tests based on three transformations (T[subscript i] test, i = 1; 2; 3) for the pooled case, which can be used to eliminate the skewness of the studentized statistic. In this dissertation, some theoretical properties of the newly proposed tests are presented. In particular, we derived the order of type I error rate accuracy of the pooled two-sample t-test based on normal approximation (TN test), the TCF and T[subscript i] tests. We proved that these tests give the same theoretical type I error rate under skewness. In addition, we derived the power function of the TCF and TN tests as a function of the population parameters. We also provided the detailed conditions under which the theoretical power of the two-sample TCF test is higher than the two-sample TN test. Results from extensive simulation studies and real data analysis were also presented in this dissertation. The empirical results further confirm our theoretical results. Comparing with commonly used two-sample parametric and nonparametric tests, our new tests (TCF and Ti) provide the same empirical type I error rate but higher power.
38

Misclassification Probabilities through Edgeworth-type Expansion for the Distribution of the Maximum Likelihood based Discriminant Function

Umunoza Gasana, Emelyne January 2021 (has links)
This thesis covers misclassification probabilities via an Edgeworth-type expansion of the maximum likelihood based discriminant function. When deriving misclassification errors, first the expectation and variance in the population are assumed to be known where the variance is the same across populations and thereafter we consider the case where those parameters are unknown. Cumulants of the discriminant function for discriminating between two multivariate normal populations are derived. Approximate probabilities of the misclassification errors are established via an Edgeworth-type expansion using a standard normal distribution.
39

Understanding European Natural Gas Market Dynamics : An ARCH Analysis of the Relationship Between Natural Gas Prices and Imports

Ellersiek, Christoph, Gnerre, Nadia January 2023 (has links)
This thesis analyses the relationship between month-ahead natural gas prices and imports into Europe against the backdrop of the 2022 Russian gas curtailment and gas price spike. Employing an ARCH model, the analysis focuses on the consortium of five major European consumers of natural gas: Italy, Germany, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and France. To gain a comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing natural gas prices in the European market, we include key variables such as natural gas consumption, production, storage levels, oil prices and temperature. The study finds that the European natural gas market is sensitive to decreased imports which exert a positive effect on prices and volatility. Therefore, we can infer that the proposed market factors influence gas prices in Europe. This research provides insights into the dynamics of natural gas pricing, presenting the implications of disruptions and uncertainties in the contemporary natural gas market.
40

馬可夫鏈蒙地卡羅收斂的研究與貝氏漸進的表現 / A study of mcmc convergence and performance evaluation of bayesian asymptotics

許正宏, Hsu, Cheng Hung Unknown Date (has links)
本論文主要討論貝氏漸近的比較,推導出參數的聯合後驗分配與利用圖形來診斷馬可夫鏈蒙地卡羅的收斂。Johnson (1970)利用泰勒展開式得到個別後驗分配的展開式,此展開式是根據概似函數與先驗分配。 Weng (2010b) 和 Weng and Hsu (2011) 利用 Stein’s 等式且由概似函數與先驗分配估計後驗動差;將這些後驗動差代入Edgeworth 展開式得到近似後驗分配,此近似分配的誤差可精確到大O的負3/2次方與Johnson’s 相同。另外Weng and Hsu (2011)發現Weng (2010b) 和Johnson (1970)的近似展開式各別項誤差到大O的負1次方不一致,由模擬結果得到Weng’s 在此項表現比Johnson’s 好。另外由Weng (2010b)得到一維參數 的Edgeworth 近似後驗分配延伸到二維參數的聯合後驗分配;並應用二維參數的聯合後驗分配於多階段資料。本論文我們提出利用圖形來診斷馬可夫鏈蒙地卡羅收斂的方法,並且應用一般化線性模型與混合常態模型做為模擬。 關鍵字: Edgeworth 展開式;馬可夫鏈蒙地卡羅;個別後驗分配;Stein’s 等式 / Johnson (1970) obtained expansions for marginal posterior distributions through Taylor expansions. The expansion in Johnson (1970) is expressed in terms of the likelihood and the prior. Weng (2010b) and Weng and Hsu (2011) showed that by using Stein's identity we can approximate the posterior moments in terms of the likelihood and the prior; then substituting these approximations into an Edgeworth series one can obtain an expansion which is correct to O(t{-3/2}), similar to Johnson's. Weng and Hsu (2011) found that the O(t{-1}) terms in Weng (2010b) and Johnson (1970) do not agree and further compared these two expansions by simulation study. The simulations confirmed this finding and revealed that our O(t{-1}) term gives better performance than Johnson's. In addition to the comparison of Bayesian asymptotics, we try to extend Weng (2010a)'s Edgeworth series for the distribution of a single parameter to the joint distribution of all parameters. Since the calculation is quite complicated, we only derive expansions for the two-parameter case and apply it to the experiment of multi-stage data. Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) is a popular method for making Bayesian inference. However, convergence of the chain is always an issue. Most of convergence diagnosis in the literature is based solely on the simulation output. In this dissertation, we proposed a graphical method for convergence diagnosis of the MCMC sequence. We used some generalized linear models and mixture normal models for simulation study. In summary, the goals of this dissertation are threefold: to compare some results in Bayesian asymptotics, to study the expansion for the joint distribution of the parameters and its applications, and to propose a method for convergence diagnosis of the MCMC sequence. Key words: Edgeworth expansion; Markov Chain Monte Carlo; marginal posterior distribution; Stein's identity.

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