Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2018-02-15T12:44:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 RomeritoSostenesCanutoDeOliveira_DISSERT.pdf: 856521 bytes, checksum: ae17547f1ccf09e25f320eafa1835664 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2018-02-19T21:58:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 RomeritoSostenesCanutoDeOliveira_DISSERT.pdf: 856521 bytes, checksum: ae17547f1ccf09e25f320eafa1835664 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-19T21:58:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RomeritoSostenesCanutoDeOliveira_DISSERT.pdf: 856521 bytes, checksum: ae17547f1ccf09e25f320eafa1835664 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-03 / O objetivo desse estudo foi de investigar o efeito de jogos competitivos em um calend?rio congestionado sobre a imunidade da mucosa em jovens jogadores de futebol. Para o desenvolvimento desta pesquisa foi realizado um estudo observacional, de car?ter descritivo, transversal, com uma abordagem quantitativa. Participaram dessa pesquisa doze jovens jogadores de futebol de campo do sexo masculino, pertencentes a uma mesma equipe (idade: 16,6?0,51 anos; estatura: 175?8cm; massa corporal: 65?7,9kg), da categoria sub 17, que jogaram quatro jogos competitivos (J1, J2, J3 e J4) com 24 horas de intervalos entre os jogos. Para quantifica??o da imunoglobulina A salivar (S-IgA), esse foi expresso como concentra??o absoluta de IgA (s-IgAabs), taxa de secre??o de IgA (s-IgAtaxa) e fluxo salivar (FS). Para a carga interna competitiva, a mesma foi determinada pela Percep??o Subjetiva de Esfor?o da sess?o (PSE). O tempo de jogo de cada atleta participante durante os quatro jogos foi registado para determinar a carga interna competitiva pela PSE da sess?o, assim como a monotonia e o esfor?o competitivo. Os dados est?o apresentados em de m?dia e desvio padr?o. Verificou-se a normalidade das vari?veis dependentes com o teste de Shapiro Wilk (p > 0,05). Utilizou-se o teste t de Student para an?lise do IgA salivar e taxa de fluxo salivar no primeiro e no quinto jogo da competi??o. ANOVA de medidas repetidas comparou a PSE da sess?o e a carga interna ao longo dos jogos, o post hoc de Bonferroni foi utilizado para identificar as diferen?as entre as medidas. O ?d? de Cohen foi utilizado para estimar a magnitudes das diferen?as (tamanho do efeito - TE) entre todas as compara??es. Foi utilizado o coeficiente de correla??o de Spearman para analisar a correla??o entre o ?ndice de monotonia e o esfor?o competitivo com o SIgA absoluto. Os valores de PSE da sess?o n?o foram diferentes ao longo dos jogos F(4,33) = 1,680, p < 0,1902, ??: 0,72. Os valores de carga interna diferiram ao longo da competi??o F(4,33) = 6,299, p = 0,001, ??:0,66. Sendo observado diferen?as nos jogos 2 e 4 em compara??o com o 3 (p<0,05). As concentra??es de IgA salivar absolutos e relativos diminu?ram ap?s a competi??o quando comparado com o momento pr? competi??o (IgA absoluto t (11) = 2,744 p = 0,01 e IgA relativo (t (11) = 2,744, p = 0,04). Diferentemente, a taxa de fluxo salivar pr? jogos foi semelhante ao momento p?s t (11) = 0,1010, p = 0,921). A associa??o entre os valores do delta de varia??o do IgA salivar absoluto com a monotonia da competi??o, verificou-se que houve uma alta correla??o significante com um (r = 0,62: p=0,031). Al?m disso foi encontrada uma correla??o quase significante entre o esfor?o competitivo e o delta de varia??o do IgA absoluto (r = 0,57: p=0,051). Os dados demonstraram que jogos competitivos em um calend?rio congestionado diminu?ram a imunidade da mucosa em respostas ao aumento da carga interna percebida. / The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of competitive games on a congested schedules on mucosal immunity in young soccer players. For the development of this research, an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted with a quantitative approach. Twelve young male soccer players from the same team (age: 16.6 ? 0.51 years, height: 175 ? 8cm, body mass: 65 ? 7.9kg), from the sub category 17, who played four competitive games (J1, J2, J3 and J4) with 24-hour breaks between games. For quantification of salivary immunoglobulin A (S-IgA), this was expressed as absolute concentration of IgA (s-IgAabs), IgA secretion rate (s-IgAtaxa) and salivary flow (FS). For the competitive internal load, it was determined by the Subjective Effort Perception of the session (PSE). The playing time of each participating athlete during the four games was recorded to determine the competitive internal load by the PSE of the session, as well as the monotony and the competitive effort. Data are presented as mean and standard deviation. Normality of the dependent variables was verified with the Shapiro Wilk test (p> 0.05). Student's t-test was used to analyze salivary IgA and salivary flow rate in the first and fifth games of the competition. Repeated measures ANOVA compared the session PSE and the internal load throughout the games, the Bonferroni post hoc was used to identify the differences between the measures. Cohen's "d" was used to estimate magnitudes of differences (effect size - TE) among all comparisons. The Spearman correlation coefficient was used to analyze the correlation between the monotony index and the competitive effort with the absolute SIgA. The PSE values of the session were not different throughout the games F (4,33) = 1,680, p <0,1902, ??: 0,72. The internal load values differed throughout the competition F (4,33) = 6.299, p = 0.001, ??: 0.66. Differences were observed in games 2 and 4 compared to 3 (p <0.05). Absolute and relative salivary IgA concentrations decreased after competition when compared to the pre-competition time (absolute IgA t (11) = 2.744 p = 0.01 and relative IgA (t (11) = 2.744, p = 0.04) The salivary flow rate pre-set was similar to the post-t (11) = 0.1010, p = 0.921). The association between the values of the absolute salivary IgA variation delta and the monotony of the competition showed that there was a significant high correlation with one (r = 0.62: p = 0.031). In addition, a quasi-significant correlation was found between the competitive effort and the absolute IgA variation delta (r = 0.57: p = 0.051). The data demonstrated that competitive games in a congested schedules decreased mucosal immunity in response to increased internal perceived load.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-02-05T23:26:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 RodrigoAlbertoVieiraBrowne_DISSERT.pdf: 3797866 bytes, checksum: 8c732a90cfb3b196c7e622f8c9f56de6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-02-17T00:04:24Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 RodrigoAlbertoVieiraBrowne_DISSERT.pdf: 3797866 bytes, checksum: 8c732a90cfb3b196c7e622f8c9f56de6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-17T00:04:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RodrigoAlbertoVieiraBrowne_DISSERT.pdf: 3797866 bytes, checksum: 8c732a90cfb3b196c7e622f8c9f56de6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-12 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / As fun??es executivas s?o processos cognitivos determinantes para o sucesso escolar, uma vez que executam e controlam atividades cognitivas complexas, como racioc?nio, planejamento e resolu??es de problemas. O desempenho das fun??es executivas desenvolve-se desde a primeira inf?ncia ao longo da adolesc?ncia at? a idade adulta, concomitantemente com as mudan?as neuroanat?micas, funcionais e de perfus?o sangu?nea do c?rebro. Neste sentido, o exerc?cio f?sico tem sido considerado um importante fator ambiental para o neurodesenvolvimento, bem como para a promo??o da sa?de cognitiva e cerebral. Contudo, ainda s?o escassos estudos que tenham investigado os efeitos de uma ?nica sess?o de exerc?cio aer?bio vigoroso sobre as fun??es executivas em adolescentes. Objetivo: Verificar o efeito agudo do exerc?cio aer?bio vigoroso sobre as fun??es executivas em adolescentes. M?todos: Ensaio cl?nico controlado e randomizado com delineamento cruzado, realizado com 20 p?beres de ambos os sexos, com idades entre 10 e 16 anos, que foram submetidos a duas sess?es de 30min: 1) sess?o exerc?cio aer?bio realizado em intensidade entre 65 e 75% da frequ?ncia card?aca de reserva, sendo 5min para aquecimento, 20min na intensidade alvo e 5min de volta ? calma; e 2) sess?o controle assistindo desenho-animado pr?prio para a idade. Previamente e ap?s as sess?es, foi aplicado o teste de Stroop computadorizado ? Testinpacs e o teste de trilhas para avalia??o do controle inibit?rio e flexibilidade cognitiva, respectivamente. O tempo de rea??o (TR) e a quantidade de erros (n) do teste de Stroop foram registrados. O tempo total (TT) e a quantidade de erros (n) do teste de trilhas tamb?m foram registrados. Resultados: O TR da sess?o controle n?o apresentou diferen?a significativa no teste de Stroop. Por outro lado, o TR da sess?o exerc?cio diminuiu significativamente (p<0,01) ap?s a interven??o. Os erros cometidos no teste de Stroop n?o sofreram diferen?as significativas nas sess?es controle e exerc?cio. O ?TT do teste de trilhas da sess?o exerc?cio foi significativamente (p<0,001) menor que o da sess?o xi controle. Os erros cometidos no teste de trilhas n?o sofreram diferen?as significativas nas sess?es controle e exerc?cio. Adicionalmente, houve associa??o significativa e positiva do ?TR do teste de Stroop da condi??o exerc?cio com a idade cronol?gica (r= 0,635, p=0,001; r 2 = 0,404, p=0,003) e matura??o sexual (rs= 0,580, p=0,007; r 2 = 0,408, p=0,002). De outro modo, n?o houve associa??o do ?TR da condi??o controle com a idade cronol?gica (r= ?0,144, p=0,273; r 2 = 0,021, p=0,545) e matura??o sexual (rs= ?0,155, p=0,513; r 2 = 0,015, p=0,610). Conclus?o: O exerc?cio aer?bio vigoroso parece promover melhora aguda na capacidade das fun??es executivas em adolescentes. O efeito do exerc?cio sobre o desempenho do controle inibit?rio foi associado ao est?gio puberal e idade cronol?gica, ou seja, os benef?cios do exerc?cio foram mais evidentes no in?cio da adolesc?ncia (? ?TR) e sua magnitude decresce durante o desenvolvimento. / Executive functions are determinant cognitive processes for student success, since they execute and control complex cognitive activities such as reasoning, planning and solving problems. The development of the executive functions performances begin early at childhood going through the adolescence until adulthood, concomitant with the neuroanatomical, functional and blood perfusion changes over the brain. In this scenario, exercise has been considered an important environmental factor for neurodevelopment, as well as for the promotion of cognitive and brain health. However, there are no large scientific studies investigating the effects of a single vigorous aerobic exercise session on executive functions in adolescents. Objective: To verify the acute effect of vigorous aerobic exercise on executive functions in adolescents. Methods: A randomized controlled trial (RCT) with crossover design was used. 20 pubescent from both sexes/gender with age between 10 and 16 years were submitted to two sessions of 30min each: 1) The aerobic exercise session intensity was between 65 and 75% of heart rate reserve, in which 5min for warm-up, 20min at the target intensity and 5min of cool down; and 2) control session watching cartoons. The computerized Stroop test ? Testinpacs and trail making test were used to evaluate the inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility assessment respectively, before and after both experimental and control sessions. The reaction time (RT) and number of errors (n) of Stroop test were recorded. The total time (TT) and the number of errors (n) of the trail making test were also recorded. Results: The control session?s RT did not present significant differences in the Stroop test. On the other hand, the exercise session?s RT decreased significantly (p<0.01) after the session. The number of errors made at the Stroop test had no significant differences in control and exercise sessions. The ?TT of trail making test of exercise session was significantly (p<0.001) lower than the control session?s. Errors made in trail making test did not show significant differences between control and exercise sessions. Additionally, there was significant and positive association among the Stroop test ?RT of exercise session with xiii chronological age (r= 0.635, p=0.001; r 2 = 0.404, p=0.003) and sexual maturation (rs= 0.580, p=0.007; r 2 = 0.408, p=0.002). Differently, there was no association among the control session ?RT and chronological age (r= ? 0.144, p=0.273; r 2 = 0.021, p=0.545) or sexual maturation (rs= ?0.155, p=0.513; r 2 = 0.015, p=0.610). Conclusion: Vigorous aerobic exercise seems to improve acutely executive functions in adolescents. The effect of exercise on inhibitory control performance was associated to pubertal stage and chronological age. In other words, the benefits of exercise were more evident in early adolescence (? ?RT) and its magnitude decreases along the growing up process.