Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-01-03T18:05:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 BeatrizMendesEMadruga_DISSERT.pdf: 4167217 bytes, checksum: cc03f57f624e57f0e2f77e2f05146817 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-01-04T17:42:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 BeatrizMendesEMadruga_DISSERT.pdf: 4167217 bytes, checksum: cc03f57f624e57f0e2f77e2f05146817 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-04T17:42:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 BeatrizMendesEMadruga_DISSERT.pdf: 4167217 bytes, checksum: cc03f57f624e57f0e2f77e2f05146817 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-04-13 / O bilinguismo tem sido correntemente investigado na literatura associado ? poss?veis vantagens cognitivas. Pesquisas contempor?neas seguem encontrando vantagens cognitivas consequentes do bilinguismo, enquanto outras n?o t?m encontrado vantagens significativas em grupos de bil?ngues. A presente pesquisa tem por objetivo investigar se em determinada faixa et?ria e modalidade de bilinguismo vantagens cognitivas podem aparecer: refere-se ? inf?ncia e ao bilinguismo escolar. As fun??es investigadas foram a flexibilidade cognitiva, atrav?s do Teste Wisconsin de Classifica??o de Cartas, e o controle inibit?rio, este atrav?s da Tarefa Simon e Tarefa Stroop. Os grupos da amostra analisada (36 sujeitos) foram subdivididos em: grupo less bilingual, com crian?as com at? dois anos de educa??o bil?ngue; grupo middle bilingual, com crian?as com 04 anos de educa??o bil?ngue; grupo more bilingual, cujas crian?as est?o h? pelo menos cinco anos sob educa??o bil?ngue. A m?dia et?ria da amostra foi de 9,97 anos de idade. N?o foram encontradas diferen?as significativas entre os grupos em rela??o aos itens do WCST. J? os testes do controle inibit?rio revelaram diferen?as quantitativas em favor do grupo com maior tempo de bilinguismo, no tempo de rea??o dos itens congruentes e incongruentes de ambos os testes: Simon e Stroop. Os resultados n?o s?o pass?veis de generaliza??es em virtude da amostra pequena e da aus?ncia de signific?ncia estat?stica. Entretanto, fazem eco a outras pesquisas contempor?neas que apresentam vantagens sutis para o grupo bil?ngue com mais tempo de exposi??o ao bilinguismo escolar. / The relationship between bilingualism and cognitive functions has been amply investigated. While several contemporary studies have found cognitive advantages as a consequence of bilingualism, others have not found significant diferences between monolingual and bilingual subjects. This study shows cognitive flexibility and inhibitory control data from children receiving bilingual education. Thirty six children (mean age of 9,97 years) with different amounts of time in bilingual educational programs were divided into three groups: up to 3 years of bilingual education; 4 years; 5 or more years of bilingual education. Participants? cognitive flexibility was evaluated using the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). Results show little difference between the three groups, evidencing an overall homogeneous sample. Correlational analyses also reveal little relationship between bilingual education time and WCST scores. In addition, participants also performed two inhibitory control tasks: the Simon Task and The Stroop Task, which revealed quantitative diferences in reaction time for both congruente and incongruente items, favoring the group with longer exposition to bilingualism at school. The reduced sample size in this study does not allow generalizations; however, results echo several other contemporary studies, which point out to descrete cognitive advantadges associated with longer exposition to bilingualism.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-07-04T14:08:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ThaisysBlancDosSantosSimoes_DISSERT.pdf: 1217735 bytes, checksum: b06930631aa6a9656d8ba2218b3783a0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-07-13T15:05:32Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ThaisysBlancDosSantosSimoes_DISSERT.pdf: 1217735 bytes, checksum: b06930631aa6a9656d8ba2218b3783a0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-13T15:05:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ThaisysBlancDosSantosSimoes_DISSERT.pdf: 1217735 bytes, checksum: b06930631aa6a9656d8ba2218b3783a0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-22 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / O desenvolvimento das capacidades cognitivas e a promo??o da sa?de s?o importantes vari?veis no crescimento e desenvolvimento biol?gico. Com isso, o neurodesenvolvimento vem sendo colocado como importante fator para melhorar o desempenho no esporte de crian?as e adolescentes. O presente estudo teve como objetivo verificar a influ?ncia da pr?tica esportiva no controle inibit?rio de jovens de 10 a 13 anos em diferentes est?gios maturacionais. Foram avaliados 203 sujeitos de ambos os sexos, com idades entre 10 a 13 anos. Para metodologia utilizou-se os protocolos de predi??o de idade ?ssea para avalia??o da matura??o e Teste de Stroop para avalia??o de controle inibit?rio. Os testes estat?sticos utilizados foram a an?lise multivari?vel (MANOVA) seguida do post hoc de Bonferroni. Verificou-se signific?ncia nas diferen?as entre o tempo de rea??o e erros na etapa 3 do Stroop Test entre os praticantes e n?o praticantes de esporte, observou-se que os praticantes obtiveram menores tempo de rea??o e erros comparado aos n?o praticantes de atividades esportivas. Ao observar os est?gios maturacionais os sujeitos normais e acelerados obtiveram os menores tempos e os indiv?duos no est?gio atrasado maiores tempos de rea??o. Nos erros pode-se observar que os indiv?duos no est?gio atrasado obtiveram menor quantidade de erros, os sujeitos dos est?gios normal e acelerado apresentaram mais erros. O tempo de rea??o dos n?o praticantes no est?gio atrasado s?o maiores ao compararmos com os normais que apresentaram menores tempos. Em rela??o aos erros os sujeitos no est?gio acelerado mostraram menores quantidade de erros nessa etapa. Para os indiv?duos praticantes observa-se que os indiv?duos atrasados s?o lentos para realizar a etapa, porem possuem menores quantidades de erros. Dessa forma, pode-se concluir que as crian?as e adolescentes que praticam esporte apresentam maior controle inibit?rio em rela??o aos que n?o praticam atividades esportivas. Em rela??o aos resultados de tempo de rea??o nos est?gios maturacionais observou-se que os sujeitos classificados normais e acelerados conseguem ser r?pidos por?m apresentam maior quantidade de erros, j? os indiv?duos atrasados gastam mais tempo para realizar o teste por?m erram menos. / The development of cognitive skills and health promotion are important variables in the growth and biological development, therefore, neurodevelopment has been placed as an important factor to improve performance in sports of children and adolescents. The present study aimed to verify the influence of sports practice on the inhibitory control of young people aged 10 to 13 years in different maturational stages. We evaluated 203 subjects of both sexes, aged between 10 and 13 years. For the methodology, bone age prediction protocols for maturation evaluation and Stroop Test used were for the evaluation of inhibitory control. The statistical tests used were the multivariable analysis (MANOVA) followed by Bonferroni post hoc. Significance found was in the differences between reaction time and errors in stage 3 of the Stroop Test between practitioners and non-practitioners. It was observed that practitioners obtained less reaction time and errors compared to non-practitioners. When observing the maturational stages, the normal and accelerated subjects obtained the shortest times and the individuals in the delayed stage had the greatest reaction times. In the errors it observed could be that the individuals in the delayed stage obtained smaller number of errors, the subjects of the normal and accelerated stages presented more errors. The reaction time of non-practitioners in the delayed stage is higher when compared to the normals that presented the shortest times. Regarding the errors, the subjects in the accelerated stage showed smaller number of errors in this stage. For the practicing individuals observed it is that the delayed individuals are slow to perform the step, but they have smaller amounts of errors. Thus, it concluded can be that children and adolescents who play sports have greater inhibitory control in relation to those who do not practice sports activities. Regarding the results of reaction time in the maturational stages, it observed was that the normal and accelerated subjects were able to be fast but present a greater amount of errors, since the delayed individuals spend more time to perform the test but err less.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-02-05T23:26:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 RodrigoAlbertoVieiraBrowne_DISSERT.pdf: 3797866 bytes, checksum: 8c732a90cfb3b196c7e622f8c9f56de6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-02-17T00:04:24Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 RodrigoAlbertoVieiraBrowne_DISSERT.pdf: 3797866 bytes, checksum: 8c732a90cfb3b196c7e622f8c9f56de6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-17T00:04:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RodrigoAlbertoVieiraBrowne_DISSERT.pdf: 3797866 bytes, checksum: 8c732a90cfb3b196c7e622f8c9f56de6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-12 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / As fun??es executivas s?o processos cognitivos determinantes para o sucesso escolar, uma vez que executam e controlam atividades cognitivas complexas, como racioc?nio, planejamento e resolu??es de problemas. O desempenho das fun??es executivas desenvolve-se desde a primeira inf?ncia ao longo da adolesc?ncia at? a idade adulta, concomitantemente com as mudan?as neuroanat?micas, funcionais e de perfus?o sangu?nea do c?rebro. Neste sentido, o exerc?cio f?sico tem sido considerado um importante fator ambiental para o neurodesenvolvimento, bem como para a promo??o da sa?de cognitiva e cerebral. Contudo, ainda s?o escassos estudos que tenham investigado os efeitos de uma ?nica sess?o de exerc?cio aer?bio vigoroso sobre as fun??es executivas em adolescentes. Objetivo: Verificar o efeito agudo do exerc?cio aer?bio vigoroso sobre as fun??es executivas em adolescentes. M?todos: Ensaio cl?nico controlado e randomizado com delineamento cruzado, realizado com 20 p?beres de ambos os sexos, com idades entre 10 e 16 anos, que foram submetidos a duas sess?es de 30min: 1) sess?o exerc?cio aer?bio realizado em intensidade entre 65 e 75% da frequ?ncia card?aca de reserva, sendo 5min para aquecimento, 20min na intensidade alvo e 5min de volta ? calma; e 2) sess?o controle assistindo desenho-animado pr?prio para a idade. Previamente e ap?s as sess?es, foi aplicado o teste de Stroop computadorizado ? Testinpacs e o teste de trilhas para avalia??o do controle inibit?rio e flexibilidade cognitiva, respectivamente. O tempo de rea??o (TR) e a quantidade de erros (n) do teste de Stroop foram registrados. O tempo total (TT) e a quantidade de erros (n) do teste de trilhas tamb?m foram registrados. Resultados: O TR da sess?o controle n?o apresentou diferen?a significativa no teste de Stroop. Por outro lado, o TR da sess?o exerc?cio diminuiu significativamente (p<0,01) ap?s a interven??o. Os erros cometidos no teste de Stroop n?o sofreram diferen?as significativas nas sess?es controle e exerc?cio. O ?TT do teste de trilhas da sess?o exerc?cio foi significativamente (p<0,001) menor que o da sess?o xi controle. Os erros cometidos no teste de trilhas n?o sofreram diferen?as significativas nas sess?es controle e exerc?cio. Adicionalmente, houve associa??o significativa e positiva do ?TR do teste de Stroop da condi??o exerc?cio com a idade cronol?gica (r= 0,635, p=0,001; r 2 = 0,404, p=0,003) e matura??o sexual (rs= 0,580, p=0,007; r 2 = 0,408, p=0,002). De outro modo, n?o houve associa??o do ?TR da condi??o controle com a idade cronol?gica (r= ?0,144, p=0,273; r 2 = 0,021, p=0,545) e matura??o sexual (rs= ?0,155, p=0,513; r 2 = 0,015, p=0,610). Conclus?o: O exerc?cio aer?bio vigoroso parece promover melhora aguda na capacidade das fun??es executivas em adolescentes. O efeito do exerc?cio sobre o desempenho do controle inibit?rio foi associado ao est?gio puberal e idade cronol?gica, ou seja, os benef?cios do exerc?cio foram mais evidentes no in?cio da adolesc?ncia (? ?TR) e sua magnitude decresce durante o desenvolvimento. / Executive functions are determinant cognitive processes for student success, since they execute and control complex cognitive activities such as reasoning, planning and solving problems. The development of the executive functions performances begin early at childhood going through the adolescence until adulthood, concomitant with the neuroanatomical, functional and blood perfusion changes over the brain. In this scenario, exercise has been considered an important environmental factor for neurodevelopment, as well as for the promotion of cognitive and brain health. However, there are no large scientific studies investigating the effects of a single vigorous aerobic exercise session on executive functions in adolescents. Objective: To verify the acute effect of vigorous aerobic exercise on executive functions in adolescents. Methods: A randomized controlled trial (RCT) with crossover design was used. 20 pubescent from both sexes/gender with age between 10 and 16 years were submitted to two sessions of 30min each: 1) The aerobic exercise session intensity was between 65 and 75% of heart rate reserve, in which 5min for warm-up, 20min at the target intensity and 5min of cool down; and 2) control session watching cartoons. The computerized Stroop test ? Testinpacs and trail making test were used to evaluate the inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility assessment respectively, before and after both experimental and control sessions. The reaction time (RT) and number of errors (n) of Stroop test were recorded. The total time (TT) and the number of errors (n) of the trail making test were also recorded. Results: The control session?s RT did not present significant differences in the Stroop test. On the other hand, the exercise session?s RT decreased significantly (p<0.01) after the session. The number of errors made at the Stroop test had no significant differences in control and exercise sessions. The ?TT of trail making test of exercise session was significantly (p<0.001) lower than the control session?s. Errors made in trail making test did not show significant differences between control and exercise sessions. Additionally, there was significant and positive association among the Stroop test ?RT of exercise session with xiii chronological age (r= 0.635, p=0.001; r 2 = 0.404, p=0.003) and sexual maturation (rs= 0.580, p=0.007; r 2 = 0.408, p=0.002). Differently, there was no association among the control session ?RT and chronological age (r= ? 0.144, p=0.273; r 2 = 0.021, p=0.545) or sexual maturation (rs= ?0.155, p=0.513; r 2 = 0.015, p=0.610). Conclusion: Vigorous aerobic exercise seems to improve acutely executive functions in adolescents. The effect of exercise on inhibitory control performance was associated to pubertal stage and chronological age. In other words, the benefits of exercise were more evident in early adolescence (? ?RT) and its magnitude decreases along the growing up process.