Based on the importance of implementing effective environmental education has been asserted to a sustainable solution to the environmental problems, this study aimed to (1) investigate the pre-service science teachers&rsquo / processes of construction of explanations regarding environmental problems, and (2) provide an environment for researchers to understand the dispositions of participants in terms of how using environmental explanations for answering the questions. The research has been realized within the context of an elective course titled &ldquo / Laboratory applications in environmental education&rdquo / in the Department of Elementary Education throughout 2008-2009 Spring semesters. The 21 pre-service science teachers attended the course and participated the environmental learning activities including five different environmental problems / biological diversity, surface waters, drinking water, waste water and air pollution with in a small group. Field trip activities, group discussions and whole class discussions were conducted through the course. Data were collected through audio and video recorders from one small group and through pre, post-tests. Analyses of data revealed that pre-service science teachers could not aware of the complex and multidisciplinary nature of environmental knowledge, so they mostly interpreted environmental problems through the everyday knowledge that they derived from everyday experiences. Through peer collaboration in fields and student-facilitator collaboration in discussions weeks, the pre-service science teachers have a chance to analyze different perspectives and ideologies about the causes and solutions of environmental problems. The pre-tests and post-test results revealed that in the field-based collaborative inquiry activities the participants&rsquo / nature of explanations shifted from descriptive to formal and scientific explanations.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-07T15:09:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1616926 bytes, checksum: 7b09791a800ea324bf0d2c9471390808 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-03-03 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The investigation seeks to understand the Education of Young and Adult People as a right of citizenship in the field. The issue that led to the elaboration of this paper consisted in the search of the meanings attributed by settlers to citizenship, which have been guiding their practices and reflections, considering that those perceptions mediate their daily behavior. Based upon the study of PRONERA and of its subproject Education in the field: the richness of its production in Tocantins state, Brazil, as well as in the analysis of the interviews conducted with the settlers in the Settlement Program (PA) Santa Cruz II, in Bico do Papagaio region, Tocantins state, it was possible to reveal the meanings of the life experiences of the involved individuals, concerning a re-conceptualization of rural as field , making to emerge fundamental elements of the constitution process of citizenship in that region. The study of the current literature about the issue has been reinforcing the importance of the social movements in the field and their propositions, as, for instance, PRONERA and, mainly, the Young and Adult People Education policies as a right of citizenship in the field. / A investigação busca compreender a Educação de Pessoas Jovens e Adultas enquanto direito de cidadania no campo. A problemática que conduziu à elaboração do presente trabalho consistiu na busca dos significados atribuídos por assentados à cidadania, os quais vêm orientando suas práticas e reflexões, tendo em vista que essas percepções mediatizam as condutas cotidianas desses sujeitos. Com base no estudo do Programa Nacional de Educação na Reforma Agrária (PRONERA) e de seu subprojeto no Tocantins, Educação do Campo: a riqueza de sua produção , bem como na análise das entrevistas realizadas com os assentados no Programa de Assentamento (PA) Santa Cruz II, na região do Bico do Papagaio, estado do Tocantins, pôde-se desvelar os significados das experiências de vida dos sujeitos envolvidos, no que se refere a uma reconceituação do rural como campo , fazendo emergir elementos fundamentais do processo de constituição da cidadania naquela região. O estudo da literatura atual sobre essa problemática tem reforçado a importância dos movimentos sociais no campo e de suas proposições, a exemplo do PRONERA e, principalmente, das políticas de Educação de Pessoas Jovens e Adultas (EPJA) enquanto direito de cidadania no campo.

The aim of this investigation is to describe assessment as a meaning-making process in individual supervision of students in higher education of the aesthetic field. The qualitative analyses focus on how assessment is expressed within the supervision, in relation to the artistic professional field. The study was conducted within a multimodal socio-semiotic perspective. Sadler’s notion of quality and Bourdieu’s field concept of habitus, contributes to the social practice within the professional field, and in the full analysis of the empirical material. The case study examines assessment in an authentic environment. The data consists of video recordings from ten supervisions that took place in two different courses at two different colleges. The video recordings were transcribed through a multimodal framework and focused on the teachers’ and student’s speech, body movements, gazes and gestures during the sessions. Four selected supervision sessions were analysed based on the research questions and on the theoretical framework. The analyses revealed that assessment in higher education of the aesthetic field can be expressed as a process whereby the quality is related to the professional field. The students, as well as their teachers, are immersed in relationships, traditions and institutions that shape their artistic choices and judgments. The results indicate that students' meaning-making is linked to their previous experience in the artistic field. Teachers’ expectations of this experience have crucial implications for how the supervision sessions are shaped and designed. The shift of focus in the supervisions goes from the fulfilment of goals stated in the curriculum, to the meaning making, values, and perspectives that are recognized within the field of the arts. The study underlines the importance of conceptualization of the artistic processes. The overall results confirm previous studies showing that instruction and supervision in higher education of the aesthetic field develops in relation to the teacher's authority, expertise and in relation to students' independence.

The thesis analyses data from both qualitative and quantitative research on the positives and negatives of field education with tablets. An indispensable part is an assessment of the premise that education with tablets affects the attitudes of pupils to geography (whether positively or negatively) and to natural sciences in general. The thesis further summarises important ideas of students and teachers in primary and secondary schools. The conclusion evaluates whether the current emphasis of the media on the inclusion of tablets into education is justified.