D.Cur. / South Africa is currently undergoing radical transformational changes in all facets of its society. This is an era immediately following the first democratic elections in the country. The new Government, the Government of National Unity (GNU) which is dominated by the African National Congress (ANC), has introduced what is known as the Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP)(ANC, 1994), which seeks to redress disparities of the past. This programme has significant social, political and economical implications for the South African community. It proposes that statutory bodies and institutions should be rationalized and restructured to reflect the diversity of the South African people and should be better able to promote and protect the standards of health care and training. It aims to, inter alia, promote mental health and to increase the accessibility, quality and quantity of mental health support and counselling services. In line with this goal and based on problems that arise because of anxieties and fears that are inherent in change, the mental health of nurse educators and nursing students of a selected nursing college was investigated utilizing a qualitative, theory – generative design which is exploratory, descriptive and contextual in nature. The study was conducted in two phases. In Phase 1, in-depth phenomenological interviews were conducted individually with ten nurse educators and nine nursing students to explore and describe their experience of interaction with one another. Follow-up interviews were also conducted with some of the participants. Data was analysed using Tesch's method. Based on the results of the analysis, the major concept, understanding was identified as the essence of a model for constructive nurse educator - student interaction envisaged. In Phase 2, a theory -generative design was utilized to develop a constructive nurse educator - student interaction model, founded on a mental health approach. The identified concept was examined in existing writings to determine essential criteria of the concept. In addition, a model case was written in which the concept was constructed to the best of the researcher's understanding. Essential criteria of the concept were identified and a concept map was drawn to depict the essential criteria in relation to each other. The related concepts were identified and portrayed in a structural form. The visual model depicts nurse educators and nursing students who function as a family, as the recipients of activity, and the advanced psychiatric nurse practitioner, who facilitates their interaction, as the agent. By utilizing the deductive reasoning strategy, relationship statements were inferred from the model. Guidelines were described for the advanced psychiatric nurse practitioner with regard to all three phases, namely, the Interaction Initiation Phase, the Interaction Cohesiveness Phase and the Interaction Dissolution Phase, in terms of objectives, strategies and proposed activities.

D. Ed. (Education) / In this study two main educational issues are examined, namely language instruction and learning as well as classroom culture. The problems were not strictly formulated as research questions at the outset, but evolved partly during the pilot study and the fieldwork stage. The fragile character of South African education in this time of major transformation and socio-educational reconstruction, was the main impetus for this research. It was decided to focus on one educational micro-organism in order to try and sense if there were some noteworthy issues which could be reflected for generalization or subsequent research purposes. It was argued that the ecological and temporal validity of an extended emic study would reveal aspects of language Pedagogy, contextualized in a single classroom culture, which could potentially be of benefit to the wider educational community. The study was undertaken with the aim of giving a thick ethnographic description of classroom life, concentrating on linguistic factors. Two standard six English classes were observed for six months each, the one following upon the other. The same teacher taught the two comparable classes in which one major pattern emerged during the observation, namely the limited Cognitive, Academic Language proficiency (CALP) of most pupils.The choice of site was motivated by the fact that newly desegregated schools could perhaps benefit from a description (and interpretation) of English classroom life at an open school which has been functioning successfully for a number of years. During the pilot study it was presupposed that linguistic phenomena surfacing in a contemporary language classroom would be supported by the theory of Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) , which 'is theoretically based on the theory of language acquisition and especially Second Language Acquisition (SLA) and which is the dominant second language teaching theory of the day. It became clear during the pilot study that a baseline of CLT would serve a valid purpose in that the theory could be applied and, to a limited degree, even assessed at this single site, but that the data' which would be forthcoming would be spread somewhat wider than the theory of CLT. Nevertheless, it was decided to broadly limit the theory pertaining to language didactics to CLT and SLA, as the interpretation of data would possibly reflect sufficiently strongly in the theoretical framework in these two domains. In addition to a framework from theory in Linguistics, a construction of the theory of Multicultural Education was also included. The main tenets of Multicultural Education, the most important one being equality of educational opportunity, were then woven into the theoretical unit referred to as "language classroom at an urban multicultural school". This unit included a brief foray into roleplay as language teaching tool. The third part of the theoretical scaffold consisted of an exploration of qualitative research methodology, specifically ethnography. As this study is to some degree also a study in qualitative methodology which is not widely used in some research milieus in South Africa, it is regarded as an important part of the theoretical framework.

D.Ed. / This inquiry focused on the inclusion of the psycho-biology of learning in teachers activities in school practice. The research question addressed a sample of teachers personal interpretation of the effect of an in-service programme on their practice. The programme consisted of a study of aspects of the biology of learning and how to convert these to instruction. The main claim or thesis of the study was that an inclusive model of education would be incomplete without a psycho-physiological view of learning. After a comprehensive literature review, a field study was launched making use of the following methods: focus group interviews, personal sketches and individual interviews. The data was collated and interpreted per data category and especially as a configuration. Findings from the field study were used to illuminate the thesis or claim that founded the study.

D.Litt et Phil. / The aim of this study is to illustrate how literature study in English at secondary and teacher-training levels could be informed by an inter-disciplinary perspective which would transform the classroom methodology. The teaching of English literature to speakers of other languages focuses on data-driven decoding, low-level comprehension and literary criticism at the expense of reading experience, personal but informed response and the development of literary competence ...

The City of Dallas Environmental Education Initiative (EEI) is a hands-on, inquiry-based, K-12 water conservation education program that teaches students concepts about water and specific water conservation behaviors. Few descriptions and evaluations, especially quantitative in nature, of water conservation education programs have previously been conducted in the literature. This research measured the quantitative effects and impacts of the education program on water use in single-family homes in Dallas, Texas. A total of 2,122 students in 104 classrooms at three schools in the Dallas Independent School District received hands-on, inquiry-based water conservation education lessons and the average monthly water use (in gallons) in single-family homes was analyzed to measure whether or not there was a change in water use. The results showed that over a period of one calendar year the water use in the single-family homes within each school zone and throughout the entire research area in this study experienced a statistically significant decrease in water use of approximately 501 gallons per home per month (independent, t-test, p>0.001). Data from this research suggests that EEI is playing a role in decreasing the amount of water used for residential purposes. Additionally, this research demonstrates the use of a quantitative tool by which a water conservation education program’s effect on behavior change can be measured. This research shows great promise for reducing use and increasing the conservation of our world’s most precious resource.

Der MINT Frühjahrsreport schlägt vor, die Bildungsgerechtigkeit in Schulen zu stärken, da v. a. Bildungsaufsteigende von MINT-Fächern profitieren (Anger et al., 2020). Weiterhin sollen die digitale Bildung vorangebracht und MINT-Profile gestärkt werden. Darüber hinaus wird gefordert, die Berufsorientierung in allen Schulformen zu stärken, Lehrpersonal verfügbar zu machen, Freude an den MINT-Fächern sowie Freizeitaktivitäten im MINT-Bereich und den Einsatz von Computern im Unterricht zu fördern (Anger et al., 2018, S. 8). Ähnliche Rückschlüsse ziehen Aeschlimann, Herzog und Makarova (2014), die retrospektiv bei Frauen in MINT-Berufen untersuchten, welche Wahrnehmung diese auf den mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Unterricht der Sekundarstufe 1 hatten. Dabei wurde der Unterricht als unterstützend und förderlich beurteilt, wenn die Vermittlungskompetenz des Lehrpersonals hoch war, die Schülerinnen durch die Lehrperson individuell gefördert wurden sowie die Orientierung über MINT-Berufe und ein hoher Bezug zu Alltagsphänomenen vorhanden war.

Ziel des Beitrages ist es, eigene wissenschaftliche Befunde aus vier Jahren Forschung zur Konzeption, Entwicklung und Evaluation digitaler Lernspiele1 für die betriebliche Aus- und Weiterbildung im sozialen Dienstleistungssektor vorzustellen. Die Darstellung der Ergebnisse erfolgt anhand von zwei aktuellen Projekten am Medienzentrum der Technischen Universität Dresden. In beiden Projekten wurden bzw. werden Serious Games für Führungskräfte im sozialen Dienstleistungssektor entwickelt, in welchen der Ansatz des spielerischen Lernens (vgl. Mangold, 2004) zur Vermittlung gesundheitsbezogener Themen herangezogen wird. Methodisch werden die Befunde entlang der Prozessschritte des Learning Experience Design (LXD) (vgl. Ahn, 2018) präsentiert.

In der vorliegenden Publikation wird die Entstehung der leistungsbezogenen Hochschulfinanzierung im englischen Universitätssektor untersucht. Leistungsbezogene Hochschulfinanzierung wird in vielen Ländern als geeigneter Lösungsansatz für das Problem der gerechten Verteilung von staatlichen Finanzmitteln an individuelle Hochschulen diskutiert. Das englische Beispiel zeigt sich als sehr lehrreich für die Diskussion um die Umsetzung und die Konsequenzen eines solchen Lösungsansatzes. Der größte Teil der staatlichen Finanzmittel wurde den Universitäten seit Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts als globale Zuweisung zugeteilt. Die Entscheidung über die Höhe der Summe dieses Geldes wurde ursprünglich von einem nicht-amtlichen Organ, dessen Mitglieder mehrheitlich Akademiker waren, bestimmt. Veränderungen der Mitgliedschaft und Verfahren dieses Organs und dessen Nachfolger-Organe haben wesentliche indirekte Implikationen und direkte Folgen für die Universitäten in England hervorgebracht. Die Verfahren zur Bewertung der Qualität der Leistung einer Universität sowie zur Verteilung von Finanzmitteln entsprechend dieser Leistung stellen das Instrumentarium für einen neuen steuernden Einfluss des Staates dar. Da die Höhe der staatlichen Finanzmittel für die Universitäten indessen seit Anfang der 80er Jahre stark abgenommen hat, müssen die Universitäten sich gleichzeitig erfolgreich auf dem Markt behaupten können. Die Universitäten müssen also innerhalb eines gestalterischen Raumes agieren, der zwischen Markt und Staat -- als die wesentlichen Einflussgrößen -- aufgespannt ist. Das Grundverhältnis zwischen dem Staat und den Universitäten zeigt sich entsprechend als höchst komplex. Dabei müssen die Universitäten eine Managementkompetenz entwickeln, die eine Maximierung an Finanzierung verspricht, während sie gleichzeitig die Grundaufgaben der Lehre und Forschung vor allzu negativen Konsequenzen dieser Wirtschaftsorientierung bewahren soll. Die Publikation belegt anhand einer Fallstudie, dass nicht alle Universitäten hierzu in der Lage sind und, dass die Implikationen und Folgen des sogenannten "Finanzierungsregimes" für deren Aufgabenerfüllung nachteilig sein können. Es wird deutlich, dass die konkreten Verfahren der Hochschulfinanzierung und, hier insbesondere, leistungsbezogene Ansätze nicht allein als technische Lösungen betrachtet werden können, sondern sie sollen nur im Zusammenhang mit einer Vorstellung von der idealen Universität gesehen werden, denn diese Verfahren beeinflussen die Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten einer Universität in direkter und indirekter Weise. / This publication investigates the emergence of performance-based funding in the English university sector. Performance-based funding of higher education institutions is discussed in many countries as an appropriate solution to the problem of distributing public funding to individual universities in a fair manner. The English example proves to be very instructive to the discussion with regards to the implementation, and then the implications, of such a proposal. From the beginning of the 20th century, the majority of public funding was distributed as a lump sum to individual universities in England. Decisions on the amount of funding were originally determined by a non-governmental body, whose members were mainly academics. Changes to this membership and to the procedures of this body have had a number of indirect implications for and direct effects on universities in England. Procedures for assessing the qualitative performance of universities, together with procedures which distribute funding according to this assessment provide the instruments of a new steering-influence utilised by the State, a new form of Public Management. As the amount of public state funding for universities has been reduced drastically since the beginning of the 1980's, universities have had to strive concurrently for funds on the open market. Universities are thus being forced to act within an area defined by the market and the State - the two strongest influences on the university sector. The fundamental relationship between the State and its universities has accordingly become highly complex. Universities, for their part, must develop management competencies, which promise a maximisation of funding, whilst at the same time aiming to protect a university's vital tasks of teaching and research from the more negative consequences of business-orientation. In a concluding case study, some evidence is provided which shows that not all universities are in a position to do this and that the implications and effects of the so-called "funding regime" are disadvantageous, in such cases, for their fulfilment of this entrepreneurial challenge. It becomes clear that the concrete procedures for funding higher education institutions and, in particular, performance-based models cannot been seen solely as technical solutions, but must instead be seen in combination with an idea of the ideal university, since these procedures influence the strategic options of a university both directly and indirectly.

In der Dissertation wurde ein Vergleich des deutschen Studierendenmarketings und des amerikanischen Student Recruitments vorgenommen, um eine Erweiterung des Modells des deutschen Hochschulmarketings auf die Zielgruppe der zukünftigen Studierenden vorzunehmen und praktische Implikationen für deutsche Hochschulen abzuleiten. Hierzu wurde der Forschungsgegenstand in die Organisations- und die Marketingtheorie eingeordnet. Anschließend erfolgten eine theoretische Gegenüberstellung des deutschen und des amerikanischen Hochschulsystems sowie eine theoretische Darstellung des Student Recruitments. Die Betrachtung des Letzteren wurde empirisch durch qualitative Experteninterviews untermauert. Diese wurden im Rahmen eines Forschungsaufenthalts in den USA mit Spezialisten aus den Bereichen Student Recruitment durchgeführt und validierten das zuvor theoretisch dargestellte Konstrukt weitestgehend. Abschließend wurden das theoretische Modell des deutschen Hochschulmarketings auf die Zielgruppe der zukünftigen Studierenden erweitert und Implikationen für die Anwendung von Student Recruitment an deutschen Hochschulen abgeleitet.

CHARLES UNIVERSITY IN PRAGUE FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES Institute of Sociological Studies Department of Public and Social Policy Michaela Ditrych Lenc A Reflection of Capacity Development Concept in the Czech Development Cooperation Programme in Higher Education and Research - A Georgia Case Study Master's Thesis Prague 2017 Abstract The Master's thesis is concerned with a recently launched policy instrument called the programme placement of Czech students to developing countries whose aim is to enhance quality of higher education and research in Czech Republic's partner countries in the South. The programme, implemented in the framework of the Czech development policy, was introduced in 2012 as a complement modality to the government scholarship programme. The main aim of the thesis was to identify if the project implemented in Georgia within the programme placement had contributed to capacity development in higher education and research in that region. Based on the capacity development concept it was ascertained that the project had promoted development mainly of individual capacities and to a certain extent of organisational capacities as well. Even though the system level was taken into consideration during the implementation, significant system change has not been identified. Additionally, the project...