<p>This study investigates six Eritrean primary school teacher's perceptions of their pre-service education. Six primary school teachers from three different schools in two different regions of Eritrea were interviewed. The researcher investigated whether primary school teachers found the knowledge and/or skill acquired from their pre-service courses in the Asmara Teachers' Training Institute helpful to make and use effective lesson plans, prepare and use relevant teaching aids, assess their students' performance, prepare lesson content, manage the classroom effectively, and select and use relevant teaching methods.</p>

O trabalho intitulado “Jardim Sensorial e Práticas Pedagógicas em Educação Ambiental” relata uma pesquisa desenvolvida em uma escola privada localizada na cidade de Pato Branco, Paraná. O estudo teve como objetivo analisar práticas pedagógicas conduzidas por docentes em um Jardim Sensorial implantado nesta escola, com o intuito de identificar possíveis relações entre as práticas desenvolvidas pelos docentes e diferentes perspectivas de Educação Ambiental no Brasil, ainda que as atividades não fossem pensadas explicitamente como de Educação Ambiental. Neste texto apresentamos um breve histórico dos jardins ambientais e sensoriais no Brasil, bem como apresentamos uma revisão de estudos que tenham discutido a utilização desses espaços para o desenvolvimento de práticas pedagógicas. Focalizamos teoricamente a Educação Ambiental, situando-a historicamente no contexto da crise ambiental. Contemplamos algumas considerações teóricas sobre as atuais tendências dessa educação no país. Os dados foram coletados mediante observação participante e entrevistas com professores e alunos após as práticas desenvolvidas no Jardim Sensorial. O desenvolvimento das práticas pedagógicas pelos professores utilizando esse espaço suscitou questões e reflexões que poderiam ser consideradas do âmbito da Educação Ambiental, as quais talvez não tivessem aparecido se tais práticas tivessem sido desenvolvidas em sala de aula. Os resultados da pesquisa apontam para a importância de os professores estarem preparados para uma atuação pedagógica que extrapole os limites de suas disciplinas de formação, no sentido da interdisciplinaridade e para a pertinência da transversalidade na Educação Ambiental. Acreditamos que as práticas desenvolvidas no Jardim Sensorial e relatadas nesta dissertação, por mais simples que tenham sido, encaminharam alunos e professores ao desenvolvimento de uma visão mais crítica sobre o meio ambiente. Por fim, o trabalho demonstra que a utilização de ambientes diferentes dos convencionais em práticas pedagógicas pode propiciar aprendizado e crescimento mútuo entre docentes e discentes, bem como promover uma Educação Ambiental de forma criativa, na direção contrária das práticas pontuais e sem sentido, as quais têm pouco ou nenhum impacto duradouro. / This work entitled Sensory Garden and Pedagogical Practices in Environment Education reports a research developed in a Private School located in Pato Branco, Paraná. The study aimed to analyze pedagogical practices conducted by teachers in a sensory garden installed in this school, in order to identify possible relationship between the practices developed by teachers and different perspectives on Environment Education in Brazil, even though the activities were not designated explicitly to Environment Education. In this dissertation we present a brief history of environmental and sensory in Brazil and make a revision of studies that have discussed the use of these spaces to the development of pedagogical practices. We focus theoretically the Environment Education, situating it historically in the context of environment crisis. We contemplate some theoretical considers about current trends in this education in Brazil. The data were collected through participant observation and surveys with teachers and students after the practices developed in the sensory garden. The development of pedagogical practices by teachers using this place raised questions and reflections that could be considered the scope of environmental education, which might have not appeared if such practices have been developed in classroom. Finally, this work demonstrates that the use of different spaces in pedagogical practices can promote mutual growth and learning between teachers and students, as well as promote Environmental Education in a creative way, in the opposite direction of the specific practices and meaningless, which have little or no lasting impact.

Este trabalho relata pesquisa realizada em dois estabelecimentos de ensino médio da rede pública localizados em Clevelândia no Paraná, cujo objetivo foi identificar e analisar as concepções de meio ambiente dos professores e compará-las com suas práticas pedagógicas em Educação Ambiental. Participaram do estudo vinte e quatro docentes. Havia representantes de todas as disciplinas do ensino médio regular, dos quais vinte e um eram do sexo feminino e três do sexo masculino. A faixa etária ficou entre 21 e 48 anos. Os dados foram coletados mediante a aplicação de um questionário composto de 10 questões, sendo as primeiras sete voltadas à identificação das concepções de educação e educação ambiental e as demais visavam identificar o núcleo central das representações sociais de meio ambiente dos sujeitos da pesquisa, mediante a utilização de um termo indutor conforme os procedimentos usuais em pesquisas que visam identificar o núcleo central de uma representação social. Os dados foram organizados e analisados mediante as técnicas da análise de conteúdo e as técnicas da teoria do núcleo central, tendo como aporte teórico a teoria das representações sociais de Serge Moscovici. Os resultados sugerem que o núcleo central da representação social de meio ambiente dos sujeitos da pesquisa, aponta para a importância atribuída à preservação dos recursos naturais, com destaque para a água e especial atenção para a degradação ambiental. No que diz respeito à concepção de educação ambiental dos sujeitos, os resultados assinalam para o sentido de que essa educação é concebida e executada como um conjunto de práticas educativas voltadas ao desenvolvimento de atitudes para a preservação do meio. Desta forma, os resultados obtidos demonstraram que há coerência entre o que os docentes entendem por meio ambiente e o modo como concebem e executam suas práticas em educação ambiental. / This paper reports a survey conducted in two establishments of public high school located in Cleveland in Paraná, whose goal was to identify and analyze the conceptions of the environment of teachers and compare them with their teaching practices in environmental education. The study twenty-four teachers. There were representatives from all disciplines of the regular high school, of which twenty-one were female and three male. The age range was between 21 and 48 years. Data were collected through a questionnaire composed of 10 questions, with the first seven aimed at identifying the conceptions of education and environmental education and the other aimed at identifying the core of social representations of the environment of the subjects, by use of an inductive term as the usual procedures in research aimed at identifying the core of a social representation. The data were organized and analyzed using the techniques of content analysis techniques and the theory of the core, with the theoretical theory of social representations of Serge Moscovici. The results suggest that the core of the social representation of the environment of the subjects, points to the importance attached to preserving natural resources, especially water and special attention to environmental degradation. Regarding the design of environmental education of the subjects, the results highlight for the sense that this education is conceived and executed as a set of educational practices aimed at the development of attitudes towards the preservation of the environment. Thus, the results showed that there is coherence between what teachers mean by the environment and how they develop and implement its practices in environmental education.

This study looks at aspects of the development of environmental education in South African National Parks (SANParks), in relation to the emergence of national and organisational policy frameworks. In order to put current environmental education practices into context, the study firstly looks at the historical development line of environmental education in SANParks, as well as in the broader national context. This provides a framework within which the processes of change and development can be traced in terms of social, political and economic influences on an international and national front. The study finds that the promulgation of legislation, including the Constitution, National Acts and various other policies, reflected the trends of thinking and set the pace in a democratic South Africa, which led to the emergence of more explicit processes and refined policies. Popkewitz’s finding, that education emerged in modernity, is used in the study to illustrate this tendency. It finds that these changes in South Africa resulted in the establishment of more structured environmental education processes within SANParks, and led to the expansion, diversification and strengthening of environmental education as a field of practice over time. The study traces significant processes of recontextualisation of international and national environmental education related policies according to the framework established by Bernstein (1980). These processes of recontextualisation were followed in the formulation processes of SANParks policy and strategy documents in the period from 1999 to 2005, and resulted in an official pedagogic discourse for environmental education in SANParks. The study establishes a second level of recontextualisation, that is, the official pedagogic discourse of environmental education in SANParks is recontextualised to a pedagogic discourse of reproduction. The pedagogic discourse of reproduction relates to park practices, where contextualisation within park-based programmes appears to be strong. The park-based programmes resemble a ‘curriculum in practice’, which brings us to Cornbleth’s critical curriculum approach. The study utilises this approach to explore and explain the meaning of the critical perspective taken on curriculum construction and change efforts at park implementation level (Cornbleth, 1990). The study finds that the contextualisation of park programmes and practices lead to variety in park programmes, which adds richness to environmental education programmes and activities, and further highlights the fact that environmental education practices are prolific in national parks. The study also finds that historical and contextual processes associated with specific parks strongly characterise environmental education programmes and practices in those parks, and that partnership programmes, such as the Kids in Parks programme, contribute towards, and enhance the growth of environmental education as a specialised field of practice in SANParks. The study comments on the need for environmental education practices in SANParks to be reviewed and expanded in line with the contemporary approach towards the environment as a social construct of interacting components. These components include the biophysical, social, economic and political dimensions. The study also highlights the need for the recognition and acknowledgement of the long, historical development line of environmental education in SANParks in order to build on established structures in a holistic way. The study further determines a need for strong leadership to successfully expand this specialised field of practice and encourages a participatory approach in the review and further development of this field of practice in SANParks. The study ultimately finds that environmental education in SANParks has a long and rich development profile, which has placed it in a strong position for further development. However, it concludes that there is a great need for a rejuvenated approach, which requires expert knowledge, professionalism and broad based networking approach to enable meaningful expansion within this specialised field of practice.

Environmental education is taught as part of the Primary School Environmental and Agricultural Science (EAS) curriculum in Zimbabwe. An attempt to improve the quality of learning in EAS resulted in a research project at the University of Zimbabwe that aimed to transpose innovative constructivist pedagogy from a western context to a rural African one. This writer has used a definition of teacher change as social change and a belief that sustainable pedagogical change involves a transformative process. The research backs up previous findings that failure to recognise and deal with how people actually experience the change process, accounts for much failure of social change. This qualitative research has attempted to provide some understanding of the complex interrelationships of factors that affected expected change in teaching style. By focusing on the process of teacher change within innovation, this researcher was able to identify inhibitors to change that were subsequently critically reflected on by the tea~hers themselves. The disappointing resistance to change first noted within the project has become a source of unexpected but potentially important illuminative understanding of teacher education and development in a non-western environment.

This study explores the extent to which the ethos and the basic approach to education taken by three Eastern Cape private schools influences the practice of environmental education within these schools. Their environmental education programmes are evaluated in terms of the guiding principles adopted by the international community in the 'Tbilisi Principles of Environmental Education'. An ethnographic approach was adopted for this research and findings are essentially descriptive and qualitative, with special regard to social structures and the attitudes of individuals within these structures.

Although the existence of wildlife clubs in Africa dates back to the start of the environmental movement in the 1970s, youth involvement through environmental clubs only commenced in Namibia in 1992. I became involved with the clubs in 1995 when I was employed by the Rossing Foundation Environmental Education Project to encourage, support and coordinate environmental clubs in Namibia. During the last three years the number of Namibian clubs has increased from 20 to ±85, and they are now established in most geographical regions of the country. During my involvement with the clubs I became increasingly interested in the philosophical underpinnings of youth movements like clubs and started questioning what we could expect from the youth and what could be achieved through the clubs. One of my main concerns was whether youth could make a significant improvement to the quality of their lives and their environment through these clubs. The aim of my research was therefore to describe and reflect critically on the role of environmental youth clubs in environmental education in Namibia. My study was guided by a socially critical orientation which emphasises the construction of meaning through social dialogue and critical reflection. I chose an interpretative research strategy and generated data mainly through semi-structured interviews, participant observation, a focus-group discussion and a workshop. Due to the focus of the research I purposefully selected the sample of existing youth clubs to be included in the study. The iterative strategy of gathering and interpreting data in successive cycles allowed for continuous reflection throughout the research process. It also allowed me to identify key patterns and trends in analysing and interpreting the data. The study findings suggest that environmental clubs do playa role in learning about environmental issues; in developing personal and social identity, confidence and a sense of purpose in society; in establishing new and supportive relationships between teachers and learners and with other community resourde people; in creating opportunities and enabling exposure to diverse learning environments, options and alternatives; and ih fostering the orientation and skills needed to effect meaningful d1'inges in the environment. The findings also suggest that environmental clubs could make a significant contribution to environmental education, providing that they incorporate a socially critical orientation, gain greater recognition from significant adults and education officials, collaborate with other projects and organisations, and use guidelines of models such as the action research framework to ensure relevant and effective action projects. The main challenges to environmental clubs in Namibia include changing perceptions that youth do not have much to contribute; improving relationships between clubs, schools and communities; dealing with the tension between the possible disempowering effect of central control and the need for more formalised structures in order to gain official recognition; and developing strategies to ensure the clubs' sustainability in the future.

Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / M. Th. (Missiology)

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-01T17:55:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-10-19. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-04-01T18:00:59Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000859826.pdf: 867051 bytes, checksum: 2ae565afee0d2a14fbfd2ca613f8df78 (MD5) / Esta pesquisa investiga a integração entre a teoria da Paregogia e a arte marcial Aikido, tendo como eixos principais as ideias de espaço, meta-aprendizagem, feedback, não linearidade e aprendizagem contínua. Através do conceito de experiência segundo Larrosa (2014) e sobre a base da integração entre Paregogia e Aikido, a pesquisa se debruça sobre a educação enquanto arte do fluir com, discutindo a ideia de metamestrado como trajeto de pesquisa em movimento, que integra e incorpora fluidamente o que nos acontece / This research investigates the integration between the theory of peeragogy and martial art aikido, focused on the concepts of space, meta-learning, feedback, non linearity and continuous learning. Through Larrosa's concept of experience (2014), and upon the foundations of the previous integration between peeragogy and aikido, the research also investigates the concept of education as the art of flowing together with, discussing the idea of meta-master as a way of research in movement which integrates and incorporates what happens to us

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-05-24Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:42:11Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 ferreira_if_dr_arafcl.pdf: 1347259 bytes, checksum: 9da55e4edc83aa92655688409b067a65 (MD5) / Essa pesquisa teve como finalidade analisar, por meio do método dialético negativo da Escola de Frankfurt, a teoria dos ciclos anunciada pelo autor Phillipe Perrenoud, teórico que influenciou o entendimento dos ciclos no Brasil a partir da década de noventa e se propôs a teorizar sobre como os ciclos de aprendizagem deveriam se materializar em prática pedagógica e em estrutura organizacional nas escolas. A análise dos resumos de teses e dissertações que estudam a temática dos ciclos, no período de 2000 a 2011, demonstrou uma ausência de trabalhos que se preocuparam em analisar a teoria dos ciclos de aprendizagem de Phillipe Perrenoud, o que nos alertou para uma possível tendência a uma apropriação acrítica desta teoria. O trabalho foi dividido em três diferentes momentos. Na primeira seção, intitulada “Os ciclos no Brasil”, procuramos inserir o leitor na temática a ser aprofundada na pesquisa por meio de um “breve” histórico sobre a inserção dos ciclos no Brasil com o auxílio do estudo dos resumos de teses e dissertações levantadas sobre os ciclos no período de 2000 a 2011 que possuem como objeto de pesquisa os ciclos em suas diferentes manifestações. Na segunda seção “Philippe Perrenoud: o pensador dos ciclos de aprendizagem” procuramos elaborar uma síntese descritiva da teoria dos ciclos de aprendizagem de Perrenoud utilizando as suas centrais obras traduzidas no Brasil e, portanto, as que mais influenciam no país o debate sobre os ciclos de aprendizagem. E, por fim, a terceira e última seção foi intitulada “Os ciclos de aprendizagem em Perrenoud: quando afirmar é negar”, na qual procuramos efetuar uma análise sobre a proposta dos ciclos de aprendizagem de Philippe Perrenoud com o auxílio das reflexões dos teóricos clássicos da Escola de Frankfurt – Horkheimer, Marcuse e, especialmente, Adorno / This research aimed to analyze, through the negative dialectical method of the Frankfurt School, the theory of the cycles announced by author Phillipe Perrenoud, theorist who influenced the understanding of the cycles in Brazil since the nineties and proposed himself to theorize about how learning cycles should materialize in pedagogical practice and organizational structure in schools. The analysis of the abstracts of theses and dissertations studying thematic cycles, from 2000 to 2011, showed an absence of studies that have focused on analyzing the theory of learning cycles of Phillipe Perrenoud, which alerted us to a possible tendency to uncritical appropriation of this theory. The work was divided into three different moments. In the first section, entitled Cycles in Brazil, we seek to insert readers in the thematic to be discussed further in the research through a brief history of the insertion of the cycles in Brazil aided by the study of abstracts of theses and dissertations achieved about the learning cycles in the period from 2000 to 2011, which have as research object the cycles in its different manifestations. In the second section, Philippe Perrenoud: the thinker of the learning cycle, we seek to develop a descriptive synthesis of Perrenoud's theory of the learning cycles using their central works translated in Brazil and, therefore, that most influence the debate in the country about the learning cycles. And finally, the third and final section is entitled The learning cycles in Perrenoud: when to state is to deny, in which we seek to make an analysis about the proposal of the learning cycle of Philippe Perrenoud with the assistance of the reflections of classical theorists of the Frankfurt School - Horkheimer, Marcuse and especially Adorno