But in track and field the athlete's point of view seems to be different from that of a team sport participant. Because of the individuality of his sport, the track man is motivated, primarily, through self-satisfaction - through knowing that he has accomplished something on his own. Track men have little hope for material gain through their sport, yet, paradoxically, they are the most dedicated, self-sacrificing group of athletes in the world.

Statement of the problem - The problem of this thesis is to make a study of the reading ability of college students. Three phases of the problem are considered: How well a group of unselected college freshmen can read. What factors affect the reading ability of college students. How reading ability affects scholastic achievement.

Rating in its many forms and phases seems to be recognized as an integral part of standard classroom procedure. Industrial arts is one of the fields in which there is a great need for the application of the best known principles and procedures in educational measurement. Industrial arts teachers and supervisors need reliable measuring instruments and methods in order to give better educational guidance, to evaluate personality traits, to motivate learning, to study the effectiveness of teaching materials and methods, and to measure pupil progress more accurately through the establishment of more definite standards of performance and through the diagnosis of pupil difficulty. Scientific test construction and interpretation may be applied to the measurement problems of the shop and the drafting room when modified in the light of special needs. There has been a growth of interest in tests and measurements in recent years. The last century has produced many scientific investigations in the curricular aspects of these special subjects, on which have been built the modern practices of teaching. This thesis is intended to fit into the program. It is organized so as to bring to the attention of the shop teacher and to students in training a simple and practical discussion of the essential principles of educational shop and drawing courses. In addition to the above functions this thesis is planned to stimulate a renewed interest in the most adequate evaluation of student achievement. It brings together and evaluates some of the most important contributions to measurement in industrial arts. It is earnestly hoped that it may stimulate further interest along these lines.

Because of the need for people to be scientifically literate in today's technological world, this researcher questioned whether the seventh grade students at the Sky Haven Elementary School, DeKalb County, Georgia, were learning basic science concepts in the most effective manner. The purpose of this study was to compare the lecture-demonstration-recitation method (experimental treatment) and the discovery method (control treatment) of teaching science in the seventh grade to determine which method of instruction would result in greater student achievement and improved attitude towards science. The sample consisted of 42 students of comparable ability (21 in each group) most of whom were black and/ or disadvantaged. The period of instruction was eighteen weeks during the 1976-77 school year. Two achievement tests (one standardized and one researcher-prepared and criterion-referenced) and one standardized attitudes survey were used. The t test was chosen to test the differences between the means of the two groups for three hypotheses and six sub-hypotheses at the .05 level of significance. The findings indicated that the discovery method was significantly more effective in enhancing student achievement when measured by researcher-prepared criterion-referenced test. However, there were no statistically significant differences between student achievement and student attitudes toward science as measured by standardized instruments. Although teaching method makes little or no difference on student achievement or attitudes as measured by standardized instruments, both methods did result in higher achievement and attitude scores with the lecture-demonstration- recitation group showing more improvement. The most statistically significant finding was the sizable gains in achievement for both methods of instruction using the researcher-prepared criterion-referenced test. Both results were significant at greater than the .001 level. Because of these significant findings, the writer recommends that more study be done in the area of criterion-referenced testing especially with minority and/or disadvantaged children.

The present study was made for the purpose of ascertaining the particular types of errors that students make in transcribing their shorthand notes from day to day. In addition to finding out the kinds of errors and their frequency, it is earnestly hoped that some conclusions may be reached as to what instructional methods may be employed to advantage in teaching English to dictation students in such a way that they will be well prepared for the tasks that the business office will require of them.

The purpose of this investigation was to identify the perceptual learning style preferences of nursing students and to examine the relationship, if any, among students whose learning style perceptual preferences were identified as being auditory, tactile or visual and their attitudes toward the use of computer-assisted instruction (CAI) in the areas of comfort, creativity and function. The relationships between nursing students' perceptual learning style preferences and the following were also examined: (a) the amount of time they spent using the computer program, Cardiac Exam Bingo; (b) whether the use of the computer program added to their learning the content about the cardiac exam; and (c) whether the students wanted to have more use of computer-assisted instruction in the nursing program. The data were collected using the Productivity Environmental Preference Survey developed by Price, Dunn and Dunn (1986) and Allen's (1986) Attitude Toward CAI Semantic Differential Scale. The study was conducted at a baccalaureate school of nursing in a health sciences university. The sample for the study was sophomore nursing students who were taking a nursing course in patient assessment. Data were analyzed using the Pearson Product Moment Correlation and the Chi Square Statistic. All students, regardless of their perceptual learning style preference, had positive attitudes toward the use of computer-assisted instruction. Statistical analysis showed that there was no significant relationship between any one of the learning styles and students' attitudes toward CAI. Data analysis did show significant positive correlations between the amount of time students spent using the computer and the visual perceptual learning style; the attitude of function; whether students felt the use of the computer program added to their knowledge and whether they wanted more CAI added to the nursing curriculum. Qualitative data were also gathered by asking students about their experience using the computer program, Cardiac Exam Bingo. Comments about the use of computers in education indicated that students found the computer to be a useful study tool. Students did express concern that the use of CAI would add to students' work loads; therefore, they recommended that it be available to students but not required. Affective comments also provided further evidence that students had positive attitudes toward the computer program used for this study.

Purpose: This study aimed to survey current 3rd and 4th year dental students, academic deans, and department chairs within U.S. dental schools to analyze the level of understanding; education; guidelines; and overall awareness regarding antibiotic use within dentistry and antimicrobial resistance. Methods: A 25-question survey intended for 3rd and 4th year dental students and a 20-question survey intended for academic deans and various department chairs of U.S dental schools were each developed utilizing REDCap. The survey invitations were sent via e-mail to the current academic dean of each U.S. dental school for distribution. Results: There were a total of 18 respondents from the academic dean and department chair survey and 172 student respondents. Overall, 71% of students reported that they could benefit from more education regarding antibiotics. The majority of both groups agreed that dentistry should play an important role in reducing antimicrobial resistance, but most dental students were ‘not at all familiar’ with the term antimicrobial stewardship and several were unsure if clinical guidelines were present at their schools. Conclusion: Improvements to the dental educational curriculum regarding the responsible use of antibiotics, along with the implementation of stewardship programs within dentistry are strongly encouraged.

The primary purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the Developmental Mathematics program at the Lehigh county Community College. There was no positive evidence that the existing method of selecting students and/or the material content of the course was affective in achieving its stated objective; that of bringing the skill and ability of weak students needing remedial treatment up to the minimum level required for probable success in first-year college mathematics. The general hypothesis posed was that the students who took the Developmental Mathematics course would perform better in first-year college mathematics than those students whose ACT scores indicated they needed remedial treatment, but who did not take the Developmental Mathematics course. Four null hypotheses were tested to determine how effective the developmental course was in meeting its objective. One was concerned with the gain scores in the pre- and post-Cooperative Mathematics Test, and another with the performance of the students in first-year college mathematics. The results favored the Experimental group in both cases and indicated the MAT-099; Developmental Mathematics course was doing a good job. The findings of the third hypothesis saw little relationship between the ACT and Cooperative Mathematics test scores and success in first-year college mathematics, and the findings of the fourth hypothesis indicated that the content of the Developmental Mathematics course correlated reasonably well with the areas of the students’ mathematical weaknesses, except in several topics such as complex numbers and logarithms. One limitation of the study was the use of intact groups rather than randomly selected samples and the relatively small size of the sample. To compensate for this, the analysis of covariance procedure was used to test the null hypothesis of no difference in performance in freshman mathematics between the experimental and control groups. The findings again favored the experimental group and the null hypothesis was rejected. For testing all hypotheses the alpha value was selected as the .05 level of significance. The pre- and post-Cooperative Mathematics Test scores were analyzed and "t" tests used to determine the significance of the difference. The experimental group performed significantly better than the control group. Multiple correlation techniques were used to examine the relationship between the ACT and Cooperative Mathematics Test scores and success in freshman mathematics; and the test items were analyzed to determine the students' areas of weaknesses. A chi square test was used to analyze the frequency distributions of the final grades made by the experimental and control group students in their first-year college mathematicscourses. They were found to be significant at the .05 level.

The theme of diploma thesis concerning teaching and educational activities of a physical education teacher is very extensive. It comprises a great number of phenomena. For this reason this diploma thesis only concentrates on the teaching and educational methods that physical education teachers use in basic schools in the České Budějovice region. The diploma thesis mainly deals with quantitative illustration of observed phenomena. We applied a short-term observation method to determine the results. The research was executed in 7 basic schools and 20 teachers and 40 physical education classes were observed. The results were presented in graphs and tables.

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