Submitted by Eliezer Santos (eliezer.santos@mackenzie.br) on 2018-06-04T19:48:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Paulo Correa Arantes.pdf: 1506311 bytes, checksum: 4f669b21256ed6007b9753624e81e9f6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Paola Damato (repositorio@mackenzie.br) on 2018-06-05T18:46:07Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Paulo Correa Arantes.pdf: 1506311 bytes, checksum: 4f669b21256ed6007b9753624e81e9f6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Paola Damato (repositorio@mackenzie.br) on 2018-06-05T18:50:19Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Paulo Correa Arantes.pdf: 1506311 bytes, checksum: 4f669b21256ed6007b9753624e81e9f6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-05T18:50:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Paulo Correa Arantes.pdf: 1506311 bytes, checksum: 4f669b21256ed6007b9753624e81e9f6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-16 / Igreja Presbiteriana do Brasil / This research deals with the role of protagonist and critic of the Great Awakening played by Jonathan Edwards; looking to expose their arguments and actions in defense of this religious phenomenon within Protestant Christianity and present their critical and balanced position between the “Old Lights” and the “New Lights”; within the historical, social, political and religious context of Colonial America in the first half of the 18th century. Jonathan Edwards (1703-1758), a reformed, Protestant and Puritan Christian exercised his ministry as a pastor in the Church of Northampton, Massachusetts, USA. There, he has emphasized the Witness-occurrence within Protestant Christianity, the religious phenomenon known as the Great Awakening of the Century 18. Edwards, however, was not only an eyewitness of this phenomenon, he became one of his most famous protagonists and its keenest critics. As a pro-tagonist, he achieved international fame as a revivalist and “theologian of heart” after publis-hing A Faithful Narrative of the Surprising Work of God (1737), which describes the spiritual revival, occurred in his church. This work served as an empirical model for the American and British revivalists. As a critic, Edwards became a brilliant apologist writing The Distin-guishing Marks of a Work of the Spirit of God (1741), Some Thoughts Concerning the Present Revival (1742) and A Treatise Concerning Religious Affections (1746). In these works, he sought to isolate the signs of true Christian sanctity of false religious faith. He built an intel-lectual structure of revivalism, these pioneering works, which inaugurated a new psychology and philosophy of the affections. / A presente pesquisa lida com o papel de protagonista e de crítico do Grande Avivamento desempenhado por Jonathan Edwards; procurando expor seus argumentos e ações na defesa desse fenômeno religioso dentro do cristianismo protestante, bem como apresentar suas críticas e posição de equilíbrio entre os “Old Lights” e os “New Lights”; dentro do con-texto histórico, social, político e religioso da América Colonial da primeira metade do século 18. Jonathan Edwards (1703-1758), um cristão reformado, protestante e puritano, exerceu seu ministério como pastor na Igreja de Northampton, Massachusetts, EUA. Ali, ele testemunhou a ocorrência, dentro do cristianismo protestante, do fenômeno religioso conhecido como o Grande Avivamento do Século 18. Edwards, todavia, não foi apenas uma testemunha ocular desse fenômeno, ele se tornou um de seus protagonistas mais famosos e um de seus críticos mais perspicazes. Como protagonista, ele alcançou fama internacional como avivalista e “teó-logo do coração” após publicar A Faithful Narrative of the Surprising Work of God (1737), na qual descreve o avivamento espiritual ocorrido em sua igreja. Essa obra serviu como modelo empírico para os avivalistas americanos e britânicos. Como crítico, Edwards tornou-se um brilhante apologista ao escrever The Distinguishing Marks of a Work of the Spirit of God (1741), Some Thoughts Concerning the Present Revival (1742) e A Treatise Concerning Reli-gious Affections (1746). Nessas obras, ele procurou isolar os sinais da verdadeira santidade cristã da falsa fé religiosa. Ele construiu uma estrutura intelectual do avivalismo, nessas obras pioneiras, que inaugurou uma nova psicologia e filosofia das afeições.

This thesis focuses on the legacy of Jonathan Edwards on the Particular Baptists by way of apprehending theories held by their congregations during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. In particular, special attention is directed to the Edwardsean legacy as manifested in the theology of Andrew Fuller. The thesis positions itself between Edwards and Fuller in the transatlantic, early modern period and attempts by the two theologians to express a coherent understanding of traditional dogma within the context of the Enlightenment. The scope of the research traces Fuller’s theological indebtedness by way of historical reconstruction, textual expositions, and theological and philosophical implications of the following works: Freedom of the Will, Religious Affections, Humble Attempt, and Justification by Faith Alone et al. It identifies unique Edwardsean ideas as the basis for investigating whether such concepts permeate Fuller’s intellectual and spiritual life. In that process, the study establishes whether Fuller read and interpreted Edwards correctly or otherwise. This dissertation, therefore, endeavors to determine the extent of Edwards’s impact upon Fuller over and above such other influential factors, which could also have been considered influential in his works. An attempt to determine the parameters of such factors is the basis for the ensuing discussion.

Thesis (D. Min.)--Reformed Theological Seminary, 2004. / Abstract and vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 295-307).

Thesis (M.A.)--Wheaton College, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 85-92).

Thesis (M.A.)--Wheaton College, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 85-92).

Thesis (D. Min.)--Reformed Theological Seminary, 2004. / Abstract and vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 295-307).

Thesis (D. Min.)--Reformed Theological Seminary, 2004. / Abstract and vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 295-307).

The views of Edwards and Wesley regarding the sovereignty of God present a puzzle. On the face of things, both were successful evangelists while both held contrary doctrines of sovereignty. Does this mean that the doctrine of sovereignty is irrelevant? This thesis argues that the doctrine of sovereignty is crucial in evangelism and revival, and that the views of Edwards and Wesley regarding the sovereignity of God were in fact very similar. A useful framework for showing this is the Five Points of Calvinism, as well as the doctrines of justification by faith and the omnipotence of God.

This dissertation examines American attitudes towards death from the colonial era to the end of the nineteenth century. I begin with a close analysis of the thanatology of the Congregational church in New England, before demonstrating the lasting influence of Puritan thought on three later writers: Jonathan Edwards, Henry David Thoreau and Stephen Crane. In contrast to purely cultural studies of mortality in America (including those by Phillipe Ariès, David Stannard and Michael Steiner), my investigation discusses the philosophical difficulties that obstruct any attempt to speak about death. Building on Jacques Derrida’s work in Aporias (1993), I identify three logical impasses that interrupt Puritan writing on mortality: the indeterminacy, singularity and finality of death. While Edwards, Thoreau and Crane write in different circumstances and diverse genres, I argue that they are sensitive to these same three aporias when they discuss death. In this regard, they resist a broader post-Puritan tendency (in both scientific and sentimental texts) to minimize the uncertainties surrounding human mortality and approach death as a universal (rather than radically singular) phenomenon. While my study situates each of its authors in the cultural and intellectual contexts in which they worked, it also challenges the notion that it is possible to write a history of death. Speaking strictly, mankind’s relationship to death can never change. It is always, in fact, a non-relation. The very idea of death destabilizes our most fundamental historical and literary assumptions. Accordingly, my second chapter uses a deconstruction of Edwards’ theory of revivalism to argue that the New-England awakenings of the eighteenth century expressed the converts’ desire to renounce responsibility for their souls, rather than accept it. In my third chapter, I argue that those writings in which Thoreau registers what might seem to be a nihilistic fascination with dead and decaying bodies in fact express a sentimental desire for a peaceful death. Chapter four reads Stephen Crane’s poetry, fiction and journalism in the context of his Calvinist heritage, breaking down the distinction between his textual play with the concept of death and the Puritans’ “serious” attempts to come to terms with mortality.

This dissertation examines American attitudes towards death from the colonial era to the end of the nineteenth century. I begin with a close analysis of the thanatology of the Congregational church in New England, before demonstrating the lasting influence of Puritan thought on three later writers: Jonathan Edwards, Henry David Thoreau and Stephen Crane. In contrast to purely cultural studies of mortality in America (including those by Phillipe Ariès, David Stannard and Michael Steiner), my investigation discusses the philosophical difficulties that obstruct any attempt to speak about death. Building on Jacques Derrida’s work in Aporias (1993), I identify three logical impasses that interrupt Puritan writing on mortality: the indeterminacy, singularity and finality of death. While Edwards, Thoreau and Crane write in different circumstances and diverse genres, I argue that they are sensitive to these same three aporias when they discuss death. In this regard, they resist a broader post-Puritan tendency (in both scientific and sentimental texts) to minimize the uncertainties surrounding human mortality and approach death as a universal (rather than radically singular) phenomenon. While my study situates each of its authors in the cultural and intellectual contexts in which they worked, it also challenges the notion that it is possible to write a history of death. Speaking strictly, mankind’s relationship to death can never change. It is always, in fact, a non-relation. The very idea of death destabilizes our most fundamental historical and literary assumptions. Accordingly, my second chapter uses a deconstruction of Edwards’ theory of revivalism to argue that the New-England awakenings of the eighteenth century expressed the converts’ desire to renounce responsibility for their souls, rather than accept it. In my third chapter, I argue that those writings in which Thoreau registers what might seem to be a nihilistic fascination with dead and decaying bodies in fact express a sentimental desire for a peaceful death. Chapter four reads Stephen Crane’s poetry, fiction and journalism in the context of his Calvinist heritage, breaking down the distinction between his textual play with the concept of death and the Puritans’ “serious” attempts to come to terms with mortality.