Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:58:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JoaoCBM_DISSERT.pdf: 5805236 bytes, checksum: 65458c7bbde564338d0a049065004604 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-12-20 / From what was stated in the Montreal Protocol, the researchers and refrigeration industry seek substitutes for synthetic refrigerants -chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and HCFCs (HCFC) - that contribute to the depletion of the ozone layer. The phase-out of these substances was started using as one of the replacement alternatives the synthetic fluids based on hydro fluorocarbons (HFCs) that have zero potential depletion of the ozone layer. However, contribute to the process of global warming. HFC refrigerants are greenhouse gases and are part of the group of gases whose emissions must be reduced as the Kyoto Protocol says. The hydrocarbons (HC's), for not contribute to the depletion of the ozone layer, because they have very low global warming potential, and are found abundantly in nature, has been presented as an alternative, and therefore, are being used in new home refrigeration equipment in several countries. In Brazil, due to incipient production of domestic refrigerators using HC's, the transition refrigerants remain on the scene for some years. This dissertation deals with an experimental evaluation of the conduct of a drinking fountain designed to work with HFC (R-134a), operating with a mixture of HC's or isobutane (R-600a) without any modification to the system or the lubricating oil. In the refrigeration laboratory of Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte were installed, in a drinking fountain, temperature and pressure sensors at strategic points in the refrigeration cycle, connected to an acquisition system of computerized data, to enable the mapping and thermodynamics analysis of the device operating with R-134a or with a mixture of HC's or with R-600a. The refrigerator-test operating with the natural fluids (mixture of HC's or R-600a) had a coefficient of performance (COP) lower than the R-134a / A partir do estabelecido no Protocolo de Montreal, os pesquisadores e a ind?stria de refrigera??o buscam substitutos para os refrigerantes sint?ticos clorofluorcarbonos (CFC s) e os hidroclorofluorcabonos (HCFC s), que contribuem para a degrada??o da camada de oz?nio. O phase- out dessas subst?ncias foi iniciado utilizando como uma das alternativas de substitui??o os fluidos sint?ticos baseados em hidrofluorcarbonos (HFC s) que possuem potencial nulo de deple??o da camada de oz?nio, entretanto, contribuem para o processo de aquecimento global. Os refrigerantes HCF s s?o gases de efeito estufa e fazem parte do grupo de gases cujas emiss?es devem ser reduzidas, conforme Protocolo de Kyoto. Os hidrocarbonetos (HC s), por n?o contribu?rem para a degrada??o da camada de oz?nio, por terem muito baixo potencial de aquecimento global, e por serem encontrados abundantemente na natureza, t?m sido apresentados como alternativa e, por isso, est?o sendo usados em novos equipamentos de refrigera??o dom?stica em diversos pa?ses. No Brasil, devido ? produ??o incipiente de refrigeradores dom?sticos utilizando HC s, os refrigerantes de transi??o continuar?o em cena por mais alguns anos. Este trabalho trata de uma avalia??o experimental do comportamento de um bebedouro projetado para trabalhar com HFC (R-134a), operando com uma mistura de HC s ou isobutano (R-600a) sem nenhuma modifica??o no sistema ou no ?leo lubrificante. No laborat?rio de refrigera??o da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte foram instalados, em um bebedouro, sensores de press?o e temperatura em pontos estrat?gicos do ciclo de refrigera??o, conectados a um sistema de aquisi??o de dados computadorizado, de modo a permitir o mapeamento e a an?lise termodin?mica do dispositivo operando com R-134a ou com a mistura HC s ou com R-600a. O refrigerador de testes, operando com fluidos naturais (mistura de HC s ou R-600a), apresentam um coeficiente de performance (COP) inferior ao do R-134a

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:58:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JoseMS_DISSERT.pdf: 2889418 bytes, checksum: 74b39d03124042e8cd8a6061bbd92425 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-05-23 / Licuri is a palm tree from the semiarid regions of Bahia State, Brazil. It is an important source of food and feed in that region, since their nuts are commonly eaten by humans and used as maize substitute for poultry feeding. The aim of this dissertation is to study the feasibility for use of natural convection solar dryers and forced being compared with the traditional drying outdoors for drying coconut licuri Syagrus coronate. The study led to the construction of two prototype solar dryer for carrying out experiments proving: model Solar Drying System Direct Exposure to Natural Convection built with wood, has a drying chamber with direct cover transparent glass laminates 4 mm, using techniques for proper isolation of the drying chamber. The two prototypes were comparatively analyzed for performance and drying efficiency with traditional extractive use by the community. Were evaluated the variables: time and drying rates and quality of the final samples of coconut licuri. The fruits were harvested and brought the town of Ouricuri, in the city of Caldeir?o Grande, BA for the experiments comparing the three methods of drying was used a standard load of 4.0 kg The quantitative analysis for the result of the drying rate was found in 74% yield and 44% for natural and forced convection respectively compared with the traditional drying. These drying rates represent variation 3-5 times lower. Drying using forced convection licuri showed better quality, was found in a reddish pulp, representing the quantities that were kept of the nutrient beta carotene, and not notice the flavor change from the previous system, the final cost of construction of this system were higher . The prototypes built competitive advantage and had testified fully to resolve the technical difficulties previously encountered in the production of products made of coconut licuri. Allowing add value and increase their potential use for the fruit extractive communities of semi-arid region of Bahia / O licuri (Syagrus coronata (Martius) Beccari) ? uma palmeira nativa do Brasil, largamente disseminada por todo o semi-?rido do pa?s. O fruto do licuri, conhecido pela mesma denomina??o da palmeira, ? totalmente comest?vel. Apesar do grande potencial nutritivo e oleaginoso do licuri, pouca aten??o tem sido dada para o estudo detalhado do valor nutritivo deste fruto. Nesta disserta??o ser? estudado a viabilidade para utiliza??o dos secadores solar de convec??o natural e for?ada (SSSEICF) sendo comparados com a secagem tradicional ao ar livre, para a secagem do coco licuri. O estudo levou a constru??o de dois prot?tipos de secador solar para a realiza??o de experimentos comprovativos: o Sistema de Secagem Solar de Exposi??o Direta e Convec??o Natural constru?do com madeira, possui uma c?mara de secagem direta com cobertura de lamina de vidro transparente de 4 mm, com utiliza??o de t?cnicas para o correto isolamento da c?mara de secagem e o Sistema de Secagem Solar de Exposi??o Indireta e Convec??o For?ada, fabricado com chapas de a?o galvanizado, tem a c?mara de secagem indireta com cobertura de l?mina de vidro transparente de 6 mm, tendo a utiliza??o de t?cnicas para correto isolamento da c?mara de secagem e a inser??o do equipamento de exaustor e?lico de ar respons?vel direto pela convec??o for?ada de ar da c?mara de secagem indireta. Os dois prot?tipos foram analisados comparativamente quanto ao desempenho e efici?ncia com a secagem tradicional em uso pela comunidade extrativista. Foram avaliados quanto as vari?veis: tempo e taxas de secagem e qualidade final das amostras de coco licuri. Os frutos foram colhidos e trazidos do povoado de Ouricuri, na cidade de Caldeir?o Grande BA, para a realiza??o dos experimentos comparativos entre os tr?s m?todos de secagem foi utilizada uma carga padr?o com 4,0 Kg. A an?lise quantitativa para o resultado da taxa de secagem, foi encontrado rendimento de 74% e 44% para o convec??o natural e convec??o for?ada respectivamente, em compara??o com a secagem tradicional. Essas taxas de secagem representam varia??o de 3 a 5 vezes menor. A an?lise qualitativa das amostras de fruto e das am?ndoas mostrou: que, a secagem utilizando a convec??o natural apresentou boa qualidade para o licuri, por?m foi constatada uma altera??o sensorial no sabor, conhecida como coco velado . A secagem utilizando a convec??o for?ada apresentou melhor qualidade do licuri, foi encontrada uma colora??o avermelhada na polpa, representando que foram mantidas as quantidades do nutriente beta caroteno e n?o se percebeu a mudan?a de sabor do sistema anterior, os custos finais de constru??o desse sistema foram maiores. Os prot?tipos constru?dos obtiveram vantagem competitiva e atestou perfeitamente para solucionar a dificuldade tecnol?gica encontrada anteriormente na produ??o de produtos a base do coco licur?. Permitindo agregar valor e elevar as possibilidades de aproveitamento do fruto pelas comunidades extrativistas da regi?o semi-?rida da Bahia

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:01:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RicardoPFM_DISSERT.pdf: 809568 bytes, checksum: 0179539902298813dbee39bd2859650c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-07-20 / The generation of effluent from the finishing process in textile industry is a serious environmental problem and turned into an object of study in several scientific papers. Contamination with dyes and the presences of substances that are toxic to the environment characterize this difficult treatment effluent. Several processes have already been evaluated to remove and even degrade such pollutants are examples: coagulation-flocculation, biological treatment and advanced oxidative processes, but not yet sufficient to enable the recovery of dye or at least of the recovery agent. An alternative to this problem is the cloud point extraction that involves the application of nonionic surfactants at temperatures above the cloud point, making the water a weak solvent to the surfactant, providing the agglomeration of those molecules around the dyes molecules by affinity with the organic phase. After that, the formation of two phases occurred: the diluted one, poor in dye and surfactant, and the other one, coacervate, with higher concentrations of dye and surfactants than the other one. The later use of the coacervate as a dye and surfactant recycle shows the technical and economic viability of this process. In this paper, the cloud point extraction is used to remove the dye Reactive Blue from the water, using nonionic surfactant nonyl phenol with 9,5 etoxilations. The aim is to solubilize the dye molecules in surfactant, varying the concentration and temperature to study its effects. Evaluating the dye concentration in dilute phase after extraction, it is possible to analyze thermodynamic variables, build Langmuir isotherms, determine the behavior of the coacervate volume for a surfactant concentration and temperature, the distribution coefficient and the dye removal efficiency. The concentration of surfactant proved itself to be crucial to the success of the treatment. The results of removal efficiency reached values of 91,38%, 90,69%, 89,58%, 87,22% and 84,18% to temperatures of 65,0, 67,5, 70,0, 72,5 and 75,0?C, respectively, showing that the cloud point extraction is an efficient alternative for the treatment of wastewater containing Reactive Blue / A gera??o de efluente proveniente do processo de acabamento na industria t?xtil ? um grave problema ambiental e se transformou em objeto de estudo em diversos trabalhos cient?ficos. A contamina??o por corantes e a presen?a de subst?ncias que s?o t?xicas ao meio ambiente caracterizam este efluente de dif?cil tratamento. V?rios processos j? foram avaliados para remover e at? degradar tais poluentes s?o exemplos: a coagula??o-flocula??o, tratamento biol?gico e processos oxidativos avan?ados, mas ainda n?o foram suficientes para possibilitar a recupera??o do corante ou pelo menos do agente separador. Uma alternativa para este problema ? a extra??o por ponto nuvem que envolve a aplica??o de tensoativos n?o i?nicos a temperaturas acima do ponto de nuvem, tornando a ?gua um solvente fraco para o tensoativo, proporcionando a aglomera??o destas mol?culas ao redor do corante por afinidade a fase org?nica. Depois disso ocorre a forma??o de duas fases: uma chamada de dilu?da pobre em corante e tensoativo e a coacervato com concentra??o de corante e tensoativo bem maior que a outra fase. A utiliza??o posterior do coacervato como reciclo de corante e tensoativo mostra a viabilidade t?cnica e econ?mica do processo. Neste trabalho a extra??o por ponto nuvem ? utilizada para remover o corante Reactive Blue da ?gua utilizando tensoativo n?o-i?nico nonil fenol com 9,5 etoxila??es. O objetivo ? solubilizar as mol?culas de corante no tensoativo, variando-se a concentra??o deste e a temperatura para estudar seus efeitos. Avaliando a concentra??o de corante na fase dilu?da ap?s a extra??o ? poss?vel analisar vari?veis termodin?micas, construir isotermas de Langmuir, determinar o comportamento do volume de coacervato para uma concentra??o de tensoativo e temperatura, o coeficiente de distribui??o e a efici?ncia de remo??o de corante. A concentra??o de tensoativo mostrou-se fundamental para o sucesso do tratamento. Os resultados de efici?ncia de remo??o alcan?aram valores de 91,38%, 90,69%, 89,58%, 87,22% e 84,18% para temperaturas de 65,0, 67,5, 70,0, 72,5 e 75,0?C, respectivamente, mostrando que a extra??o por ponto nuvem ? uma alternativa eficiente para o tratamento de efluentes contendo Reactive Blue

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:01:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PedroHSO_DISSERT.pdf: 2680953 bytes, checksum: 2a5742ac4e3d4679d06b09232988727f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-07-24 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / In wastewater treatment, activated sludge systems have been a technology widely applied as secondary treatment. During this step, which has a strong biological aspect, it is necessary to introduce oxygen supply for the maintenance of metabolic activity of the bacteria through the aerators. Aeration devices are responsible for most of the energy consumption in this stage. In this background, the influence of three aeration intensities (atmospheric air flow 3.5, 7.0 and 10.5 L.min-1) and the concentration of dissolved oxygen (DO) on the dimension of activated sludge flocs as well as on the efficiency of organic matter removal were assessed using a traditional activated sludge system which was fed with synthetic domestic wastewater. Samples were taken weekly from the three units that make up the system feed, aeration and storage tank in order to verify the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). It was established the process efficiency through a comparison between the initial and final COD. Besides the parameters already mentioned, this monitoring work on activated sludge batch system was also observed by Mixed Liquor Suspend Solids (MLSS), Volatile Suspend Solids (VSS), pH and temperature measures. The results have showed a maximum removal efficiency around 75% in the first aeration sequence and approximately 85% for the second and third one. For the first aeration, the DO concentration remained higher than 3.0 mg.L-1 and a diameter range from 10 to 60 μm was observed. In the second e third sequence, the DO concentration remained higher than 4.0 mg.L-1 with a diameter range of 10 until 200 μm. Although the sequence 1 and 2 have presented similar performances for organic matter removal, the sequence 2 promoted a regular floc size distribution and with lower values of Sludge Volumetric Index (SVI) meaning a better flocculating ability. In addition, the results reaffirmed what the literature has reported: higher DO concentrations produce flocs with greater dimensions / No tratamento de ?guas residu?rias, os sistemas de lodos ativados t?m sido uma tecnologia largamente aplicada como tratamento secund?rio. Durante essa etapa, a qual possui uma caracter?stica fortemente biol?gica, ? necess?rio o fornecimento de oxig?nio para a manuten??o da atividade metab?lica das bact?rias atrav?s de aeradores. Os dispositivos de aera??o s?o respons?veis pela maior parte do consumo de energia ao longo dessa fase. Nesse contexto, a influ?ncia de tr?s intensidades de aera??o (vaz?o de ar atmosf?rico de 3,5, 7,0 e 10, 5 L.min-1) e a concentra??o de oxig?nio dissolvido (OD) sobre a dimens?o de flocos de lodo ativado, e bem como sobre a efici?ncia de remo??o foram avaliadas utilizando um sistema tradicional de lodos ativados alimentado com efluente dom?stico sint?tico. Amostras foram retiradas semanalmente das tr?s unidades que compunham o sistema tanque de alimenta??o, de aera??o e de armazenamento para verificar a Demanda Qu?mica de Oxig?nio (DQO). A efici?ncia do processo foi estabelecida atrav?s da compara??o entre a DQO inicial e final. Al?m dos par?metros j? mencionados, este trabalho de monitoramento do sistema de lodos ativados de bancada foi observado tamb?m por meio de medi??es de S?lidos em Suspens?o Totais (SST) e Vol?teis (SSV), pH e temperatura. Os resultados mostraram uma efici?ncia m?xima de remo??o de quase 75% na primeira sequ?ncia de aera??o e aproximadamente 85% para a segunda e terceira sequ?ncias. Para a primeira aera??o, a concentra??o de OD manteve-se maior que 3,0 mg.L-1 e uma faixa de di?metro de 10 a 60 μm foi observada, enquanto que na segunda e terceira sequ?ncia, a concentra??o de OD permaneceu superior a 4,0 mg.L-1 com uma faixa de di?metro de 10 a 200 μm. Embora a sequ?ncia 2 e 3 tenham apresentado, ambas, desempenhos similares para remo??o de mat?ria org?nica, a sequ?ncia 3 promoveu uma distribui??o de tamanho de flocos mais regular e com baixos valores de ?ndices Volum?tricos do Lodo (IVL), configurando em uma melhor habilidade de sedimenta??o. Em adi??o, os resultados reafirmam o que literatura tem relatado, maiores concentra??es de OD produzem flocos com maiores dimens?es

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:01:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FernandoCGF.pdf: 1784885 bytes, checksum: c1cd900c993fe3d542b3a48edba18fcc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-10-29 / In energy systems, the balance of entrances, exits and losses are fundamental to rationalize the energy consumption, independently of the source (sun, natural gas, wind, water, firewood or oil). This estimate is important so much in the phase of project of the facilities, as in the exploration or operation. In the project phase it indicates the energy needs of the process and the contribution of the energy in the cost of the product and the capacity of storage of the fuel and in the operation phase it allows to evaluate the use of the energy in the process of it burns, showing the weak points that should suffer intervention to improve the efficiency. With this tool, it can be implemented routines of calculation of thermal balances in ovens of it burns of structural ceramic, in way to generate an optimized mathematical model for application in the current and promising structural ceramic brazilian industry. The ceramic oven in study is located in the metropolitan area of Natal (Rio Grande do Norte) and it is a continuous oven of the type wagons tunnel, converted of firewood for natural gas and it produces blocks of red ceramic. The energy balance was applied in the oven tunnel before and after the conversion and made the comparisons of the energy efficiencies (it burns to the firewood and it burns to natural gas), what showed that the gaseous fuel is more efficient when we burn structural ceramic in ovens tunnels. When we burn natural gas, the requested energy is smaller and better used. Tests were accomplished in the burned product that showed the best quality of the burned brick with natural gas. That quality improvement makes possible to accomplish new interventions for the most rational use of the energy in the oven tunnel of the Ceramic in study and in the industries of structural ceramic of the whole Brazil, that need control tools of burning and of quality / Em sistemas energ?ticos, o balan?o de entradas, sa?das e perdas s?o fundamentais para racionalizar o consumo energ?tico, independentemente da fonte (sol, g?s natural, vento, ?gua, lenha ou ?leo). Esta estimativa ? importante tanto na fase de projeto das instala??es, quanto na explora??o ou opera??o. Na fase de projeto indica as necessidades energ?ticas do processo e a contribui??o da energia no custo do produto e a capacidade de armazenamento do combust?vel e na fase de opera??o permite avaliar a utiliza??o da energia no processo de queima, mostrando os pontos fracos que devem sofrer interven??o para melhorar a efici?ncia. Com esta ferramenta, pode-se implementar rotinas de c?lculo de balan?os t?rmicos em fornos de queima de cer?mica estrutural, de forma a gerar um modelo matem?tico otimizado para aplica??o na atual e promissora ind?stria cer?mica estrutural brasileira. O forno cer?mico em estudo est? localizado na regi?o metropolitana de Natal e trata-se de um forno cont?nuo do tipo t?nel de vagonetas, convertido de lenha para g?s natural e produz blocos de cer?mica vermelha. Foi aplicado o balan?o energ?tico no forno t?nel antes e depois da convers?o e feita as compara??es das efici?ncias energ?ticas (queima ? lenha e queima a g?s natural), o que mostrou que o combust?vel gasoso ? mais eficiente na queima de cer?mica estrutural em fornos t?neis. Na queima gasosa a energia requerida ? menor e melhor aproveitada. Foram realizados testes no produto queimado que mostraram a melhor qualidade do tijolo queimado a g?s natural. Essa melhoria de qualidade possibilita realizar-se novas otimiza??es para o uso mais racional da energia no forno t?nel em quest?o e nas ind?strias de cer?mica estrutural de todo o Brasil, que necessitam de ferramentas de controle de queima e de qualidade

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:03:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MiltonBV.pdf: 1188933 bytes, checksum: 0027ba3da37c2c26ef04d16c288622a2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-11-30 / Waste stabilization ponds are the main technology in use for domestic sewage treatment in Rio Grande do Norte State (RN), northeast Brazil. The are around 80 systems, constructed mainly by municipal city halls, being series comprised by a primary facultative pond followed by two maturation ponds the most used configuration. Due to problems related with the production and destination of sludge and generation of bad odors, the designers have avoided the use of anaerobic lagoons. The majority of systems are rarely monitored to verify their efficiencies and to get new project parameters for future designing. This work has as purpose to make a diagnosis of efficiency of three series of waste stabilization pond series (WSPS) of Jardim Lola 1, Jardim Lola 2 and Beira Rio, located in the North Zone of the city of the Natal/RN, treating domestic raw sewage, on the removal of organic matter and thermotolerant coliform, comparing the operational conditions of the systems this inside of the bands foreseen in the project, through parameters BOD5, QOD, thermotolerant coliforms, dissolved oxygen, pH, temperature, ammoniac nitrogen, total and suspended solids. The work was carried through in the WSPS, all constituted by a primary facultative pond followed by two maturation ponds. Socioeconomic characteristics of population are predominantly low and all the plants are very near of the contributing basins. The series were monitored from of May the November of 2002, totalizing 20 collections of grab samples of raw sewage and ponds effluents between 8:00 and 9:50 h. The main aspect to be detached by the results was the great concentration of organic matter (BOD and COD) and microorganisms the raw sewage which were around two times more concentrated than those values foreseen one in project. Considering all series the highest removals of organic matter were observed in system Beira Rio (84 and 78% of BOD and COD, respectively), which presented high hydraulic detention time (TDH = 89 days). On the other hand, Jardim Lola 1 and Jardim Lola 2 presented a much lower values of HDT (36 days and 18 days respectively) and their removals of BOD and COD were the same (76% and 60%, respectively). The Beira Rio WSPS, was the most efficient verified in relation to solids and ammonia, proving the great influence of the operational variables such as HDT and applied surface organic loadings on the performance of pond series. Although the treatment plants have reached efficiencies of thermotolerant coliforms around 99,999%, the concentrations in the final effluent can be considered very high for launching in aquatic bodies, particularly those produced by Jardim Lola 1 and Jardim Lola 2 series / O sistema de lagoas estabiliza??o ? o tipo de tratamento de esgoto dom?stico mais utilizado no Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, contando com 80 sistemas, constru?dos principalmente pelas prefeituras municipais, sendo o sistema de lagoas em s?rie constitu?das de lagoa facultativa prim?ria seguida de lagoas de matura??o um dos mais utilizados. Devido aos problemas relacionados com a produ??o e destino de lodo e gera??o de maus odores, os projetistas t?m evitado o uso de lagoas anaer?bias. Vale salientar que tais sistemas de lagoas comumente n?o s?o monitorados de forma adequada para verificar suas efici?ncias e obter dados para futuros projetos. Este trabalho tem como finalidade fazer um diagn?stico da efici?ncia de tr?s s?ries de lagoas de estabiliza??o na grande Natal, Jardim Lola 1, Jardim Lola 2 e Beira Rio, na remo??o de mat?ria org?nica e coliformes termotolerantes e, verificar se as condi??es operacionais dos sistemas esta dentro das faixas previstas no projeto, atrav?s dos par?metros DBO5, DQO, coliformes termotolerantes, oxig?nio dissolvido, pH, temperatura, nitrog?nio amoniacal, s?lidos totais e suspensos. Os sistemas estudados s?o constitu?dos por uma lagoa facultativa prim?ria seguida de duas lagoas de matura??o, que atendem a uma popula??o predominante de baixa renda a qual est? bem pr?xima da esta??o de tratamento de esgoto. As tr?s ETE s foram monitoradas no per?odo de maio a novembro de 2002, totalizando 20 coletas de amostras pontuais de esgoto bruto e efluentes das lagoas entre 8:00 e 9:50 h. Os principais aspectos a serem destacados no monitoramento foram a grande concentra??o de mat?ria org?nica e microrganismos nos esgoto brutos afluentes em rela??o ao previsto em projeto. Considerando toda a s?rie as maiores remo??es de mat?ria org?nica ocorreram no sistema Beira Rio (84 e 78% de DBO e DQO, respectivamente), que apresentava um TDH de 89 dias enquanto que os sistemas de Jardim Lola 1 e 2 eram de 36 dias e 18 dias respectivamente, foram determinadas remo??es semelhantes de DBO (76%) e de DQO em torno de 60%. O sistema Beira Rio tamb?m foi o mais eficiente na remo??o de s?lidos e de nitrog?nio amoniacal, comprovando a grande influ?ncia das vari?veis operacionais tais como tempo de deten??o hidr?ulica e carga org?nica aplicada, no desempenho dos sistemas de tratamento. Embora as esta??es de tratamento tenham atingido efici?ncias de coliformes termotolerantes em torno de 99,999%, as concentra??es nos efluentes finais podem ser consideradas muito elevadas para lan?amento em corpos aqu?ticos, particularmente as de Jardim Lola 1 e 2

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2018-03-12T20:24:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 FabianoFechineTorresClemente_DISSERT.pdf: 35056002 bytes, checksum: 41ba19bd8f6d578f57a68b5233e5a621 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2018-03-16T20:05:40Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 FabianoFechineTorresClemente_DISSERT.pdf: 35056002 bytes, checksum: 41ba19bd8f6d578f57a68b5233e5a621 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-16T20:05:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FabianoFechineTorresClemente_DISSERT.pdf: 35056002 bytes, checksum: 41ba19bd8f6d578f57a68b5233e5a621 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-31 / Alguns s?tios na cidade de Natal/RN possuem agrad?veis condi??es de ventila??o natural, no entanto, as edifica??es constru?das dependem excessivamente de sistemas de ar-condicionado para renova??o do ar, muitas vezes fruto de um planejamento inadequado que n?o prioriza aspectos do conforto ambiental. Sendo assim, o trabalho a seguir trata-se do anteprojeto arquitet?nico de um novo ambulat?rio para o Hospital Universit?rio Onofre Lopes com ?nfase na aplica??o de estrat?gias passivas de ventila??o natural com objetivo de promover um maior n?mero de trocas de ar no interior dos ambientes. O pr?dio possui uma ?rea constru?da de 31.998,97m?, distribu?dos ao longo de 10 pavimentos, sendo um t?rreo e mais 06 andares superiores, al?m de tr?s subsolos, a ser edificado na ?rea 01 do Campus Biom?dico da Sa?de, localizado no Bairro de Petr?polis. A ado??o do partido arquitet?nico levou em considera??o uma s?rie de condicionantes tais como topografia do terreno, dire??o e velocidade dos ventos predominantes, sistema construtivo, al?m daquelas de ordem normativas, com destaque para NBR-15220 e C?digo de Combate a Inc?ndio. Os procedimentos metodol?gicos adotados envolveram o c?lculo do fluxo e n?mero de trocas de ar por hora nas salas de espera, consult?rios e mecanoterapia/termoterapia que foram registrados em mem?rias de c?lculo, para o qual foi necess?rio o conhecimento das velocidades dos ventos no interior dos ambientes analisados, de dados obtidos na base de dados do Laborat?rio de Conforto Ambiental da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, al?m da utiliza??o de refer?ncias bibliogr?ficas sobre o tema do conforto t?rmico. Os resultados obtidos mostram que as estrat?gias de ventila??o cruzada aplicadas no projeto, tais como utiliza??o de sheds na cobertura para captar o vento em dire??o a po?os de ventila??o, aliados a ?trios internos e loca??o de aberturas em pontos opostos com diferentes coeficientes de press?o, dimensionadas e sombreadas adequadamente, provocam um aumento no fluxo e n?mero de trocas de ar por hora no interior dos ambientes quando comparado ? ventila??o unilateral. Dessa forma permite-se que cada um seja ocupado por uma maior quantidade de pessoas, requisito esse importante para a funcionalidade do pr?dio, j? que o hospital trata-se de uma institui??o de ensino. Dessa forma, potencializa-se o uso da ventila??o natural e cria-se as condi??es para minimizar o consumo de ar condicionado, que contribui para o planejamento de uma arquitetura com mais efici?ncia energ?tica. / Some sites in the city of Natal / RN have pleasant conditions of natural ventilation, however, the built buildings rely heavily on air conditioning systems for air renovation, often the result of inadequate planning that does not prioritize aspects of environmental comfort. Therefore, the following work deals with the architectural design of a new outpatient clinic for the University Hospital Onofre Lopes, with emphasis on the application of passive strategies of natural ventilation with the objective of promoting a greater number of air changes within the environments. The building has a built area of 31,998.97m?, distributed over 10 floors, one ground floor and a further six floors, in addition to three basements, to be built in area 01 of the Biomedical Health Campus, located in the Petropolis District. The adoption of the architectural party took into account a series of constraints such as topography of the terrain, direction and speed of prevailing winds, construction system, besides those of normative order, especially NBR-15220 and Fire Code. The methodological procedures adopted involved calculating the flow and number of air changes per hour in the waiting rooms, clinics and mechanotherapy / thermotherapy that were recorded in calculation memories, for which it was necessary to know the velocities of the winds inside the environments analyzed, from data obtained from the Laboratory of Environmental Comfort of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, in addition to the use of bibliographical references on the topic of thermal comfort. The results show that the cross ventilation strategies applied in the design, such as the use of sheds in the roof to capture the wind towards ventilation wells, allied to internal atria and rent of openings in opposite points with different pressure coefficients, dimensioned and properly shaded, cause an increase in the flow and number of air changes per hour inside the environments when compared to unilateral ventilation. In this way, each one is allowed to be occupied by a larger number of people, a requirement that is important for the functionality of the building, since the hospital is a teaching institution. In this way, the use of natural ventilation is potentiated and conditions are created to minimize the consumption of air conditioning, which contributes to the planning of a more energy efficient architecture.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2018-03-20T17:11:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 SebastiaoEmidioAlvesFilho_TESE.pdf: 1396937 bytes, checksum: 809a90c1177992fb8eec2bff66c2e006 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2018-03-22T12:00:56Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 SebastiaoEmidioAlvesFilho_TESE.pdf: 1396937 bytes, checksum: 809a90c1177992fb8eec2bff66c2e006 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-22T12:00:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SebastiaoEmidioAlvesFilho_TESE.pdf: 1396937 bytes, checksum: 809a90c1177992fb8eec2bff66c2e006 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-01 / Um dos principais desafios da Computa??o Verde ? obter uma melhor rela??o entre a quantidade de trabalho realizada pela infraestrutura computacional e o gasto energ?tico para mant?-la, isto ?, uma melhor efici?ncia energ?tica. Este trabalho apresenta a arquitetura de um cluster computacional de baixo consumo energ?tico que ? capaz de ligar ou desligar, de forma din?mica e autom?tica, um determinado n?mero de m?quinas. A quantidade de m?quinas ligadas ? proporcional ? demanda de trabalho a cada momento, o que evita ligar equipamentos desnecessariamente e aumenta a efici?ncia do sistema. Para o seu desenvolvimento prop?e-se e discute-se um modelo te?rico que ? implementado atrav?s de um cluster composto por dispositivos Raspberry Pi chamado NPi-Cluster. Para atestar a efici?ncia do modelo proposto s?o mostrados resultados experimentais nos quais o cluster ? usado como um servidor web com balanceamento de carga. Os dados obtidos mostram que o NPi-Cluster tem um desempenho adequado quando comparado a outros servidores que rodam em arquiteturas tradicionais, mas com um consumo energ?tico menor. Um cluster com 7 m?quinas usando sua capacidade m?xima atende a mais de 450 requisi??es simult?neas numa taxa de cerca de 1000 transa??es por segundo. Para faz?-lo o cluster consome cerca de 15 Watts, o equivalente a uma l?mpada econ?mica ou um computador em modo suspenso que n?o realiza qualquer atividade. Quando a demanda ? baixa o consumo de energia com as m?quinas ? reduzido dinamicamente, chegando a menos de 2Watts. Al?m de ser capaz de lidar com cargas de trabalhos com boa qualidade de servi?o, o cluster tamb?m prov? alta disponibilidade evitando pontos ?nicos de falha. / One of the main challenges for the so-called Green Computing is to get a better relation between the amount of work performed by the computational infrastructure and the energy consumption to maintain it, providing better energy efficiency. This work presents the architecture of a computing cluster with low energy consumption that powers on or off a number of running machines automatically and dynamically. The quantity of enabled devices adjusts according to the actual processing demand, which avoids unnecessarily powered equipment and increases the overall system power efficiency. In order to carry out its development, a theoretical model is proposed, discussed, and implemented through the NPi-Cluster, a cluster composed of Raspberry Pi devices. To prove the proposed model feasibility, NPi-Cluster is used as a web server with load balancing. Data gathered shows that NPi-Cluster has adequate performance when compared to other web servers running on traditional server architectures, however with less power consumption. A 7-machine cluster running at maximum performance is able to handle more than 450 simultaneous requests, with about 1000 transactions per second. The power consumption required to do it is about 15 Watts, which is equivalent to a energy-saving light bulb or a computer in suspended mode that does not perform any task. When the requests demand is low, the power consumption is dynamically reduced until less than 2 Watts. Besides to being able to handle workloads with acceptable quality of service, the proposed cluster also provides high availability by avoiding single points of failure.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-10-25T22:33:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 HugoAzevedoRangelDeMorais_DISSERT.pdf: 10042689 bytes, checksum: e65cad435b8695043396aac71a4148e3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-12-16T19:34:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 HugoAzevedoRangelDeMorais_DISSERT.pdf: 10042689 bytes, checksum: e65cad435b8695043396aac71a4148e3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-16T19:34:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 HugoAzevedoRangelDeMorais_DISSERT.pdf: 10042689 bytes, checksum: e65cad435b8695043396aac71a4148e3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-21 / A escassez de ?gua ? um problema recorrente na regi?o do semi?rido brasileiro, mas, precisamente no Nordeste, surgiram v?rias tentativas, mediante a??es p?blicas sociais de ?salva??o?, de corre??o das consequ?ncias da seca. A partir da d?cada de 1980, no processo de redemocratiza??o do pa?s de buscar alternativas para o desenvolvimento do semi?rido brasileiro, come?aram a existir algumas mudan?as na interven??o na regi?o a partir das organiza??es da sociedade civil, que passaram a realizar projetos com base na ideia de que ? poss?vel e necess?rio conviver com o semi?rido, representando a transi??o paradigm?tica na qual o modelo de ?combate ? seca? ? criticado em favor da ?conviv?ncia com o semi?rido?. Diante disso, este estudo objetivou analisar os resultados do Programa Um Milh?o de Cisternas Rurais (P1MC) diante dos indicadores de efic?cia, efici?ncia e efetividade. O programa, idealizado pela sociedade civil em 1999, apresenta como componentes a mobiliza??o, o controle social, a capacita??o, a comunica??o, o fortalecimento institucional e a constru??o de cisternas de placas de 16 mil litros para capta??o de ?gua de chuvas por meio de calhas no telhado do domic?lio rural. A pesquisa foi do tipo descritiva, o universo compreendeu os 10 territ?rios do Rio Grande do Norte, a abordagem foi quantitativa e qualitativa. Para o tratamento dos dados, utilizou-se an?lise envolt?ria de dados, na etapa quantitativa, e an?lise de conte?do, na etapa qualitativa, tendo como fonte de coleta entrevistas estruturadas com atores do P1MC. Os resultados apontaram que, em termos de efic?cia, representada pelas metas f?sicas pr?-estabelecidas, o programa ficou aqu?m do esperado; quanto ? efici?ncia, destacaram-se os territ?rios de Sert?o do Apodi, A?u-Mossor? e Mato Grande. Na rela??o popula??o rural versus cisternas constru?das, no tocante ? efetividade, verificou-se que os pressupostos do programa s?o atendidos, os participantes compreendem que o programa n?o tem como finalidade ?nica a constru??o da cisterna, mas sim proporcionar mudan?as na vida das pessoas a partir dela, o que converge com os objetivos do programa, representando uma a??o bem-sucedida. / Water scarcity is a recurrent problem in the Brazilian semi-arid, more precisely in the Northeast. The first initiatives, of attention to drought, emerged through public social actions of "salvation", mitigation of drought consequences. It lasted, until the 1980s, this perspective of "drought relief". From the 1980s, with the democratization of the Country and the state reform, new alternatives for the development of the Brazilian semi-arid began to emerge from civil society organizations, which began to implement projects based on the ideal that it is possible and necessary to coexist with the semi-arid. This movement represented a paradigmatic inflection - instead of "drought relief" emerges "coexistence with the semi-arid". This study lies, therefore, in this new moment of public actions aimed at semi-arid, assuming the intent to systematize results of the One Million Rural Cisterns Program (P1MC) in front of efficacy, efficiency and effectiveness indicators. The Program, designed and implemented by civil society organization since 1999, has as components mobilization, social control, training, communication, institutional strengthening and building of plates cisterns of 16,000 liters for rain water harvesting through gutters on the roof of the rural home. The research was descriptive, the universe comprised the 10 territories of Rio Grande do Norte, the approach was quantitative and qualitative. For the treatment of quantitative data, data envelopment analysis (DEA) was used through Siadv software and, in the qualitative stage, content analysis with assistance of NVivo 11 software, having as source of collection structured interviews with the actors of P1MC. The quantitative stage led to the determination of efficiency and efficacy indicators, while the qualitative stage enabled the interpretation of effectiveness, occurred based on the five principles expressed in P1MC by Brazilian Semi-Arid Articulation (ASA), a network of non-governmental organizations responsible for the design from the Program. Results showed that, in terms of efficacy, represented by pre-established physical goals, the Program was less than expectated. In terms of efficiency, the territories of Sert?o do Apodi, A?u-Mossor? and Mato Grande were highlighted, with relative performances above the state average in front of rural population of the territory versus number of built cisterns relation. Regarding the effectiveness, the Program assumptions are widely met in content and form. Representatives of interested segments - performers, community mobilizers and beneficiaries - report, in this research, that P1MC is not restricted to priority of water access, but also the formulation of a new standard of coexistence with the semi-arid, through the change in conscience of beneficiaries and the mobilization of served families and communities.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-01-10T11:46:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 RenataLissaSoaresDaSilvaGuidi_TESE.pdf: 2409421 bytes, checksum: bc84887865cc09d05933131b6bb89df7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-01-11T11:33:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 RenataLissaSoaresDaSilvaGuidi_TESE.pdf: 2409421 bytes, checksum: bc84887865cc09d05933131b6bb89df7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-11T11:33:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RenataLissaSoaresDaSilvaGuidi_TESE.pdf: 2409421 bytes, checksum: bc84887865cc09d05933131b6bb89df7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-30 / A valoriza??o da gest?o dentro do ?mbito educacional tem se tornado uma realidade cont?nua nas mais diferentes formas e inst?ncias, seja no meio acad?mico, seja nos meios pol?ticos e governamentais, seja na m?dia, seja no senso comum. Acredita-se, de modo geral, que, se o ensino n?o est? bom, grande parte da responsabilidade cabe ? m? administra??o das escolas, em especial, daquelas mantidas pelo poder p?blico. Embora exista uma vasta literatura sobre gest?o escolar, os trabalhos cient?ficos que tratam especificamente da educa??o profissional brasileira ainda carecem de mais pesquisas que sintetizem e validem modelos de avalia??o de efici?ncia dos Institutos Federais de Educa??o, Ci?ncia e Tecnologia (IFs). Nesse sentido, o presente estudo busca analisar a efici?ncia dos IFs, institui??es de ensino que comp?em a Rede Federal de Educa??o Profissional e Tecnol?gica do Brasil, ? luz da Teoria Institucional na perspectiva de Acemoglu e Robinson (2012), visando criar um framework de avalia??o de efici?ncia institucional. Ao longo do desenvolvimento do estudo, discute-se a Teoria Institucional e sua aplica??o ao contexto educacional dos IFs, com ?nfase na compreens?o da rela??o existente entre os fatores pol?ticos e econ?micos e suas influ?ncias na efici?ncia educacional desses institutos. No que se refere aos aspectos metodol?gicos empregados s?o utilizadas a ferramenta da An?lise Envolt?ria de Dados (DEA) para medir a efici?ncia dos IFs bem como a pesquisa qualitativa, com o intuito de verticalizar o conhecimento, por meio da aplica??o de question?rios com os trinta e oito Reitores dos IFs. Os resultados revelam que a efici?ncia dos Institutos Federais ? influenciada por fatores institucionais n?o apenas pol?ticos e econ?micos, mas tamb?m educacionais, administrativos e sociais, consequ?ncia da necessidade de atender a complexidade do contexto educacional. Uma implica??o desse estudo ? a abertura de uma nova vis?o para an?lise e reflex?o das rela??es institucionais que exercem influ?ncia na efici?ncia dos Institutos Federais, buscando, nesse conhecimento, que a educa??o voltada para ci?ncia e tecnologia se torne o fio condutor para uma forma??o t?cnica de excel?ncia para a juventude brasileira. / The appreciation of management within the educational context has become an ongoing reality in many different ways and instances, whether in academic, political and government circles, the media and common sense. It is believed generally that if the school is not good, much of the blame lies with the mismanagement of our schools, especially those maintained by the Government. Although there is a vast literature on school management, the scientific papers that deal specifically with the Brazilian professional education still need more research to summarize and validate models for evaluating efficiency of the Federal Institutes of Education, Science and Technology (IF's). In this sense, the present study aims to analyze the efficiency of IF's, educational institutions that make up the Federal Network of Vocational and Technological Education of Brazil, in the light of institutional theory in view of Acemoglu and Robinson (2012), to create a framework institutional effectiveness assessment. Throughout the study of development, discusses the institutional theory and its application to the educational context of IF's, with emphasis on understanding the relationship between political and economic factors and their influence on educational effectiveness of these institutes. With regard to methodological aspects employed, it is used tool data envelopment analysis (DEA) to measure the efficiency of IF's as well as the use of qualitative research in order to verticalize the knowledge, by the application of questionnaires with thirty-eight rectors of IF's. The results show that the efficiency of the Federal Institutes is influenced by institutional factors not only political and economic, but also educational, administrative and social factors, as a result of the need to address the complexity of the educational context. An explanation of this study is the opening of a new vision for analysis and reflection of what lies behind the efficiency of the Federal Institutes, searching, perhaps, that this education geared to science and technology is the common thread for technical training of excellence for Brazilian youth.