We show that the singular numbers of single layer potentials on smooth curves asymptotically behave like O(1/n). For the curves with singularities, as long as they contain a smooth sub-arc, the resulting single layer potentials are never trace-class. We provide upper bounds for the operator and the Hilbert-Schmidt norms of single layer potentials on smooth and chord-arc curves. Regarding the injectivity of single layer potentials on planar curves, we prove that among single layer potentials on dilations of a given curve, only one yields a non-injective single layer potential. A criterion for injectivity of single layer potentials on ellipses is given. We establish an isoperimetric inequality for Schatten p−norms of logarithmic potentials over quadrilaterals and its analogue for Newtonian potentials on parallelepipeds.

La thèse aborde le problème de la détection d’un signal dans une bande de fréquences donnée sans aucune connaissance à priori sur la source (détection aveugle) dans le contexte de la radio intelligente. Le détecteur proposé dans la thèse est basé sur l’estimation des valeurs propres de la matrice de corrélation du signal reçu. A partir de ces valeurs propres, plusieurs critères ont été développés théoriquement (Standard Condition Number, Scaled Largest Eigenvalue, Largest Eigenvalue) en prenant pour hypothèse majeure un nombre fini d’éléments, contrairement aux hypothèses courantes de la théorie des matrices aléatoires qui considère un comportement asymptotique de ces critères. Les paramètres clés des détecteurs ont été formulés mathématiquement (probabilité de fausse alarme, densité de probabilité) et une correspondance avec la densité GEV a été explicitée. Enfin, ce travail a été étendu au cas multi-antennes (MIMO) pour les détecteurs SLE et SCN. / In Cognitive Radio, Spectrum Sensing (SS) is the task of obtaining awareness about the spectrum usage. Mainly it concerns two scenarios of detection: (i) detecting the absence of the Primary User (PU) in a licensed spectrum in order to use it and (ii) detecting the presence of the PU to avoid interference. Several SS techniques were proposed in the literature. Among these, Eigenvalue Based Detector (EBD) has been proposed as a precious totally-blind detector that exploits the spacial diversity, overcome noise uncertainty challenges and performs adequately even in low SNR conditions. The first part of this study concerns the Standard Condition Number (SCN) detector and the Scaled Largest Eigenvalue (SLE) detector. We derived exact expressions for the Probability Density Function (PDF) and the Cumulative Distribution Function (CDF) of the SCN using results from finite Random Matrix Theory; In addition, we derived exact expressions for the moments of the SCN and we proposed a new approximation based on the Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) distribution. Moreover, using results from the asymptotic RMT we further provided a simple forms for the central moments of the SCN and we end up with a simple and accurate expression for the CDF, PDF, Probability of False-Alarm, Probability of Detection, of Miss-Detection and the decision threshold that could be computed and hence provide a dynamic SCN detector that could dynamically change the threshold value depending on target performance and environmental conditions. The second part of this study concerns the massive MIMO technology and how to exploit the large number of antennas for SS and CRs. Two antenna exploitation scenarios are studied: (i) Full antenna exploitation and (ii) Partial antenna exploitation in which we have two options: (i) Fixed use or (ii) Dynamic use of the antennas. We considered the Largest Eigenvalue (LE) detector if noise power is perfectly known and the SCN and SLE detectors when noise uncertainty exists.

No description available.

In a foundational paper “Operators Possesing an Open Set of Eigenvalues” written several decades ago, Cowen and Douglas showed that an operator T on a Hilbert space ‘H possessing an open set Ω C of eigenvalues determines a holomorphic Hermitian vector bundle ET . One of the basic theorems they prove states that the unitary equivalence class of the operator T and the equivalence class of the holomorphic Hermitian vector bundle ET are in one to one correspondence. This correspondence appears somewhat mysterious until one detects the invariants for the vector bundle ET in the operator T and vice-versa. Fortunately, this is possible in some cases. Thus they point out that if the operator T possesses the additional property that the dimension of the eigenspace at ω is 1 for all ω Ω then the map ω ker(T - ω) admits a non-zero holomorphic section, say γ, and therefore defines a line bundle on Ω. As is well known, the curvature defined by the formula is a complete invariant for the line bundle . On the other hand, define and note that NT (ω)2 = 0. It follows that if T is unitarily equivalent to T˜, then the corresponding operators NT (ω) and NT˜(ω) are unitarily equivalent for all ω Ω. However, Cowen and Douglas prove the non-trivial converse, namely that if NT (ω) and NT˜(ω) are unitarily equivalent for all ω Ω then T and T˜ are unitarily equivalent. What does this have to do with the line bundles and .To answer this question, we must ask what is a complete invariant for the unitary equivalence class of the operator NT (ω). To find such a complete invariant we represent NT (ω) with respect to the orthonormal basis obtained from the two linearly independent vectors γ(ω),∂γ(ω) by Gram-Schmidt orthonormalization process. Then an easy computation shows that It then follows that is a complete invariant for NT (ω), ω Ω. This explains the relationship between the line bundle and the operator T in an explicit manner. Subsequently, in the paper ”Operators Possesing an Open Set of Eigenvalues”, Cowen and Douglas define a class of commuting operators possessing an open set of eigenvalues and attempt to provide similar computations as above. However, they give the details only for a pair of commuting operators. While the results of that paper remain true in the case of an arbitrary n tuple of commuting operators, it requires additional effort which we explain in this thesis.

Orientadores: Carlile Campos Lavor, Leonardo Silva de Lima / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Matemática Estatística e Computação Científica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T08:31:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Amaro_BrunoDias_D.pdf: 1369520 bytes, checksum: a36663d5fd23193d66bb22c83cb932aa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: A Teoria Espectral de Grafos é um ramo da Matemática Discreta que se preocupa com a relação entre as propriedades algébricas do espectro de certas matrizes associadas a grafos, como a matriz de adjacência, laplaciana ou laplaciana sem sinal e a topologia dos mesmos. Os autovalores e autovetores das matrizes associadas a um grafo são os invariantes que formam o autoespaço de grafos. Em Teoria Espectral de Grafos a conjectura proposta por Brouwer e Haemers, que associa a soma dos k maiores autovalores da matriz Laplaciana de um grafo G com seu número de arestas mais um fator combinatório (que depende do valor k adotado) é uma das questões interessantes e que está em aberto na literatura. Essa mostra diversos trabalhos que tentam provar tal conjectura. Em 2013, Ashraf et al. estenderam essa conjectura para a matriz laplaciana sem sinal e provaram que ela é válida para a soma dos 2 maiores autovalores e que também é válida para todo k, caso o grafo seja regular. Nosso trabalho aborda a versão dessa conjectura para a matriz laplaciana sem sinal. Conseguimos obter uma família de grafos que satisfaz a conjectura para a soma dos 3 maiores autovalores da matriz laplaciana sem sinal e a família de grafos split completo mais uma aresta satisfaz a conjectura para todos os autovalores. Ainda, baseado na desigualdade de Schur, conseguimos mostrar que a soma dos k menores autovalores das matrizes laplaciana e laplaciana sem sinal são limitadas superiormente pela soma dos k menores graus de G / Abstract: The Spectral Graph Theory is a branch of Discrete Mathematics that is concerned with relations between the algebraic properties of spectrum of some matrices associated to graphs, as the Adjacency, Laplacian and signless Laplacian matrices and their respective topologies. The eigenvalues and eigenvectors of matrices associated to graphs are the invariants which constitute the eigenspace of graphs. On Spectral Graph Theory the conjecture proposed by Brouwer and Haemers, associating the sum of k largest eigenvalues of Laplacian matrix of a graph G with its edges numbers plus a combinatorial factor (which depends on the choosed k) is an open interesting question in the Literature. There are several works that attempt to prove this conjecture. In 2013, Ashraf et al. stretch the conjecture out to signless Laplacian matrix and proved that it is true for the sum of the 2 largest eigenvalues of signless Laplacian matrix and it is also true for all k if G is a regular graph. Our work approaches on the version of the conjecture concerning to signless Laplacian matrix. We could obtain a family of graphs which satisfies the conjecture for the sum of the 3 largest eigenvalues of signless Laplacian matrix and we prove that the family of complete split graphs plus one edge satisfies the Conjecture for all eigenvalues. Moreover, based on Schur's inequality, we could show that the sum of the k smallest eigenvalues of Laplacian and signless Laplacian matrices are bounded by the sum of the k smallest degrees of G / Doutorado / Matematica Aplicada / Doutor em Matemática Aplicada

Orientadores: Jose Pissolato Filho, Afonso Jose do Prado / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T11:17:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Campos_JoseCarlosdaCosta_D.pdf: 4388913 bytes, checksum: c565c846bae4e32b03dcef712a2494df (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: As matrizes de transformação reais e constantes são aplicadas como matrizes de transformação fase-modo características de um sistema simétrico com circuito trifásico duplo transposto e de duas linhas de transmissão paralelas transpostas com circuito trifásico duplo. Essas matrizes de transformação reais e constantes são baseadas na matriz de Clarke. Usando a combinação linear dos elementos da matriz de Clarke, as técnicas aplicadas para linhas trifásicas simples são ampliadas para sistemas com 6 e 12 condutores de fase. Para uma linha trifásica dupla transposta, as matrizes Z e Y são convertidas em matrizes diagonais no domínio dos modos. Considerando um caso não transposto de uma linha trifásica dupla, os resultados não são exatos e as análises de erros são realizadas mediante os autovalores. No caso de duas linhas trifásicas paralelas duplas e transpostas, a matriz de transformação exata com elementos reais e constantes não foi obtida ainda. Para esse caso, como sugestão para desenvolvimento futuro, a determinação da matriz de transformação modal real e constante provavelmente deverá ser baseada em uma única referência homopolar. Tal sugestão se deve ao fato de que, neste trabalho, a estrutura das matrizes de transformação utilizadas tem como base a aplicação do modo homopolar como única referência homopolar para todos condutores de fase do sistema estudado. / Abstract: Single real transformation matrices are applied as phase-mode transformation matrices of typical symmetrical systems with double three-phase and two parallel double three-phase transmission lines. These single real transformation matrices are achieved from eigenvector matrices of the mentioned systems and they are based on Clarke's matrix. Using linear combinations of the Clarke's matrix elements, the techniques applied to the single three-phase lines are extended to systems with 6 or 12 phase conductors. For transposed double three-phase lines, phase Z and Y matrices are changed into diagonal matrices in mode domain. Considering non-transposed cases of double three-phase lines, the results are not exact and the error analyses are performed using the eigenvalues. In case of two parallel double three-phase lines, the exact single real transformation matrix has not been obtained yet. Probably, for two parallel double three-phase lines, considering future development and searching for the exact single real transformation matrix, the analyses are based on a single homopolar reference. This suggestion is related to that in the all analyses carried out in this work, the homopolar mode is used as the only homopolar reference for all phase conductors of the studied system. / Doutorado / Energia Eletrica / Doutor em Engenharia Elétrica

Orientador: Luiz Fernando Milanez / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T23:42:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dalmas_Sergio_D.pdf: 5052580 bytes, checksum: 18c083502953c8bf9d4aa3a089a26162 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: Excluídos problemas simples de condução de calor nos quais a temperatura depende apenas do tempo ou apenas de uma coordenada de posição, os demais levam a equações diferenciais parciais, as quais tem soluções em termos de séries obtidas de vários métodos como a separação de variáveis, a superposição, a função de Green, a técnica da transformada integral, a transformada de Laplace e o teorema de Duhamel. Estas soluções dependem de autovalores que são obtidos das raízes de equações transcendentais que na maioria dos casos não podem ser expressas em forma fechada, mas podem ser obtidas de tabelas, expressões aproximadas, e expressões iterativas. O objetivo desse estudo é encontrar novas expressões para estas raízes, que sejam mais simples ou que tenham mais exatidão do que as já existentes. As três equações transcendentais que são consideradas aqui são as mais frequentemente utilizadas entre as que não tem solução fechada, e surgem quando as condições de contorno são convectivas. Uma nova família de funções iterativas é obtida, a qual inclui várias funções clássicas e, em particular, toda a família de métodos de Householder. Um novo método obtido é o que tem convergência mais rápida para as presentes equações. Apesar das tabelas de raízes apresentarem valores com vários dígitos significativos, problemas reais dificilmente levam a um valor da variável independente que pode ser diretamente encontrado, tornando-se necessário o uso de interpolação. Então, a exatidão de raízes obtidas por estas tabelas é limitada pela exatidão da interpolação, a qual pode ser comparada com a das expressões aproximadas. As expressões existentes são analisadas utilizando propriedades das raízes. Uma expressão aproximada desenvolvida para a primeira raiz das três equações é baseada no método do ponto fixo, outra é obtida da aplicação do conceito de MiniMax para se reajustar expressões de outros autores, e uma final tem forma algébrica. O conceito de MiniMax não é obtido através de algum método que possa ser considerado elementar, e dois novos métodos são desenvolvidos para aplicá-lo. Modernos sistemas algébricos computacionais são utilizados para gerar novas expressões aproximadas para a primeira raiz, mas encontrou-se que elas podem ser melhoradas através de métodos analíticos. Expansão em frações contínuas e novamente a aproximação de Padé são utilizadas para se obter expressões de grande exatidão. Expressões que levam a bons resultados para a primeira raiz são generalizadas para que elas sirvam para as demais raízes. Finalmente, uma comparação é feita considerando todas expressões aproximadas, indicando quais são consideradas as melhores / Abstract: Apart from simple problems of heat conduction in which the temperature depends only on the time or just on a position coordinate, the others lead to partial differential equations, which have solutions in terms of series obtained from various methods such as separation variables, superposition, the Green's function, the technique of integral transform, the Laplace transform and Duhamel's theorem. These solutions depend on eigenvalues, which are obtained from the roots of transcendental equations that in most cases cannot be expressed in closed form, but they can be obtained from tables, approximate expressions and iterative expressions. The objective of this study is to find new expressions for these roots, which are simpler or have more accuracy than the existing ones. The three transcendental equations that are considered here are the most frequently used among those that have not closed solution, and appear when the boundary conditions are convective. A new family of iterative functions is proposed, which includes several classical functions and, in particular, the entire family of Householder methods. A new method is obtained which has faster convergence to the present equations. Although the tables of roots present values with various significant digits, real problems hardly lead to a value of the independent variable that can be directly found, making it necessary to use interpolation. Then, the accuracy of the roots obtained from these tables is limited by the accuracy of the interpolation, which can be compared with the approximate expressions. Existing expressions are analyzed using the root properties. An approximate expression developed for the first root of the three equations is based on the fixed point method, another is obtained from the application of the concept of MiniMax to readjust expressions of others authors, and the last one has an algebraic form. The MiniMax concept is not obtained through any method that can be considered elementary, and two new methods are developed to apply it. Modern computer algebra systems are used to generate new approximate expressions for the first root, but it is found that they can be improved by analytical methods. Expansion in continuous fractions is adopted and the Padé approximation to obtain expressions of greater accuracy. Expressions leading to good results for the first root are generalized so that they serve for the other roots. Finally, a comparison is made considering all approximate expressions, indicating what are considered the best / Doutorado / Termica e Fluidos / Doutor em Engenharia Mecânica

Laplacian differential operator -- Vibrations of plucked strings and Hollow cylinders.

We discuss the pole placement problem for single-input or multi-input control models of the form _x=Ax+Bu. This is the problem of determining a linear state feedback of the formu=F xsuch that in the closed-loop system _x= (A+BF)x, the matrixA+BFhas a prescribed set of eigenvalues. We analyze the conditioning of this problem and show that it is an intrinsically ill-conditioned problem, and especially so when the system dimension is large. Thus even the best numerical methods for this problem may yield very bad results. On the other hand, we also discuss the question of whether one really needs to solve the pole placement problem. In most circum- stances what is really required is stabilization or that the poles are in a specified region of the complex plane. This related problem may have much better conditioning. We demonstrate this via the example of stabilization.

The thesis studies truncated moment problems and related reconstruction techniques. It transfers the main aspects of Prony's method from finitely-supported measures to the classes of signed or non-negative measures supported on algebraic varieties of any dimension. The Zariski closure of the support of these measures is shown to be determined by finitely many moments and can be computed from the kernel of moment matrices. Moreover, several reconstruction algorithms are developed which are based on the computation of generalized eigenvalues and allow to recover the components of mixtures of such measures.