Práce se v teoretické části zabývá teoriemi hospodářské soutěže a její právní regulace. Věnuje se nejen rozlišení jednotlivých teoretických směrů, ale též historickému vývoji koncepce ochrany soutěže a detailněji také doktrínám rule of reason a per se. V ohledu na evropskou komunitární praxi je zkoumáno ekonomicko-teoretické zakotvení soudobého trendu more economic approach. V dodatku je uveden exkurz marxistického přístupu. V analytické části je analyzována možnost zapojení ekonomie do aplikace práva a návazně jsou zkoumána vybraná soudní a správní rozhodnutí (USA, EU, ČR) ze soutěžněprávní oblasti a to z hlediska uplatňení ekonomických a ekonomicko-právních teorií soutěže.

This thesis presents and applies at Islamic economics one of the approaches on basis of wich is it possible to identify or to refuse Islamic economics as a new paradigm. The aim of the thesis is achieved by the way of comparison of this concept to the economics as such, defined on the basis of Colader's, Holt's and Rosser's definition of mainstream economics, and the conclusion is made that on the basis of the comparative analysis it is rather impossible to describe modern Islamic economics as a new paradigm in economics.

The main aim of the thesis is to verify the correlation between cannabis use and the crime rate in accordance with the legalization of marijuana in Colorado 1. 1. 2014. Method difference in differences is used to analyze this problem by comparing Denver with Philadelphia. Philadelphia is the control group because legalization did not occur there. Panel data in monthly intervals for the period from 2006 to 2014 are used. The hypothesis in this thesis is a positive correlation between cannabis use and crime rates. The results of the regression analysis show that differences in number of all offenses per 100 000 inhabitants decreased by 11.83 units and differences in number of violent crimes per 100 000 inhabitants increased by 0.67 units after legalization of cannabis. Increase of violent crimes verified the hypothesis. However the hypothesis was not verified in case of all offenses. The Czech Republic is supposed to be similarly affected by eventual legalization of cannabis, which follows from an applying the results to the Czech Republic. In addition, the discussion shows that the Czech Republic could set a higher tax rate for cannabis than Colorado. If the funds gained from eventual legalization of cannabis in Czech Republic had been allocated properly in society, an increase of violent crimes could be lower.

The thesis consists of four conceptual articles focused on application of theories and findings of behavioral economics and behavioral ethics in the sphere of managerial science (What Comes to a Manager's Mind: Theory of Local Thinking; A Perspective on Consumers 3.0: They Are Not Better Decision-Makers Than Previous Generations; Professional Identity and Dishonest Behavior; Puppet Master: Possible Influence of Parasite Toxoplasma gondii on Managers and Employees). The thesis contains introductory unifying commentary that deals with the replication crisis in management science and then speculates on the possibilities of behavioral organization economics. Introductory commentary contains also a summary of the main ideas presented in the conceptual articles and complementary empirical studies listed in the Appendix.

Poverty in Subsaharan Africa and the role of Chine in its solution worries many supporters of current development assistance. Hypothesis: The role of China is markedly different than the help from the rest of the world, it could help the countries to find their way out of poverty but it could also damage their insitutions or worsen unemployment by importing their own labor. Main target of the asian investors is extraction of natural resources, which shows in exports. In first part of the thesis will be discussed theories of poverty and models of its solution, mainly approach of Albert O. Hirschman, Jeffrey Sachs and the World bank. Will be characterized situtation in Zambia, Nigeria and South African Republic. Then will be analysed motives and especially approach of China during its involvement in Africa with focus on beforementioned countries. The point will be to characterize and evaluate impacts of chinese investments and development assistance on economies and poverty in given countries. Mainly, if the rates of growth and structure of exports changed. Will be used databases of UNCTAD and World bank. Main methods will be analysis and iduction.

The goal of this thesis is to examine the role of emotion as it pertains to the utility maximization problem and make an argument for incorporating emotion into economic models of decision-making. It further aims to demonstrate by means of a social experiment how specific emotions influence intertemporal judgment. The results from the experiment reveal that in line with previously documented findings, incidental sadness increases the level of economic impatience. However contrary to theoretical predictions, the prosocial emotion of compassion cannot be used as a tool to reduce economic impatience. In fact there is evidence to indicate that compassion, in some situations, is not reliably different from sadness in terms of its influence on economic impatience and can therefore be detrimental to economic wellbeing.

Hayek's interpretation of Smith's invisible hand as a metaphor for the theory of spontaneous order still holds as the only authentic interpretation of that famous phrase, despite all criticism. Although not many authors noticed it, Hegel was a theorist of spontaneous order, namely also a theorist of the spontaneous order of market economy. There is evidence that Hegel followed here Adam Smith's teachings about the invisible hand. The invisible hand is present in Hegel's writings as an element, from what sprang his theory of spirit. That means that his theory of spirit is a general theory of spontaneous order, although written in metaphysical manner. However, being a theorist of spontaneous order didn't prevent him from being an interventionist. He was led to interventionism by his synoptic fallacy of mind. He never tried to apply this fallacy on the studies of the market economy. Marxists did that. Some of recent scholars (Sciabarra, Johnson, and Cristi) identified Hegel's theory of spontaneous order, but their interpretation wasn't perfectly in accordance with Hegel's texts. How these authors denied Popper's and Hayek's incorrect opinion that Hegel was a totalitarian, thus it is needed to enrich studies of mentioned current scholars. Here it is taken into account only what Hegel wrote, not later authors about him. This thesis is also an attempt to evaluate the history of economic thought from the standpoint of Smith's and Hegel's methodology.

The thesis deals with monetary disequilibrium in the theory of endogenous money. In the new consensus economics, money is endogenous and passive. Money market is not considered and if yes, then only in an implicit equilibrium, whereas mechanisms ensuring this equilibrium are not discussed. In post-Keynesian economics, there is an explicit discussion, whether monetary disequilibrium may occur. Horizontalists argued for equality of money supply and money demand. On the other hand, arguments of some structuralists based on an independent demand for money function show that monetary disequilibrium may occur. The thesis therefore analyses mechanisms ensuring equilibrium in the money market. The only mechanism among them which enables the passivity of money is the reflux mechanism. However, it can not be regarded as universal since not all economic subjects which create demand for money are in debt to the banking system. For that reason accommodation of some factors of money demand function is necessary and money is endogenous and active. Econometric tests studying independent money demand and the consequent possibility of monetary disequilibrium based on Granger causality tests seem to be methodologically problematic and showing mixed results. Monetary disequilibrium can not be ruled out. Contemporary monetary policy based mainly on new consensus approach thus omits one channel of monetary policy transmission. Theoretical analysis suggests that monetary equilibrium has to be (at least partly) restored through changes in factors of money demand, which can lead to changes of other macroeconomic variables including inflation.

The thesis discusses the concept of man in the standard economic thinking. It focuses on a critical evaluation of the selected fundamentals. It presents some possible alternative views which show deficiencies in axiomatics of the main currents of economic modeling. Emphasizing the interdisciplinary connections of knowledge about human thought and behavior the thesis is trying to suggest some directions for further development in the approach to human beings in economics to better reflect their defining natural characteristics. It also mentions some of the manifestations of these characteristics, which can be obtained by drawing on the knowledge of psychology, behavioral economics, neuroeconomics and other disciplines and which are inconsistent with standard models, because they lead to errors and irrationality, implicitly produce bounded rationality or attribute the constitutive importance during the formation of thought to completely different elements. In conclusion, the thesis passes to reflect the position of irrationality in the inner world of human's brain and also in the outside world - the economy.

The dissertation called Economic and Psychological Aspects of a Consumer's Behaviour and Decision-Making is dedicated to a consumer's behaviour and decision-making in economic and financial issues from the perspective of classic economy, psychology and behavioural economy. The theoretical part describes the expected utility theory and psychological findings on one hand, and presents the so called Prospect Theory and systematic biases on the other hand. The practical part comprises a research. Mission of the questionnaire survey is to find out whether behaviour and decision-making are rational and correspond with the classic economy theory or whether consumers behave irrationally and verify presumptions of behavioural economy.