Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T17:26:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bruno Loureiro Conte.pdf: 597433 bytes, checksum: 474791994388813765e9eb9230745941 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-11-04 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / It is widely known that Parmenides Poem, which is considered a fundamental work in Greek philosophical thought, presents a plurality of mythical elements, and that its clarification constitutes an issue to the interpreters. This research is an investigation of the historical and philosophical meaning of mythos and logos in the Poem, considering the work in its cultural contexts. Our analysis begins by bringing to the foreground the presence of mythos, understood in its original sense of authorized way of speaking, pointing out its interweaving with logos, in such a manner that without the former the argument of the latter would remain incomprehensible. On the other hand, we aim to determine the specificity of logos in Parmenides: it shows up as a reflexive, refutative logos, but not, as some interpreters have sustained, a strict demonstration . Having established this point, Parmenides work shows itself as productive of a plurality of mythical assemblages, appropriating images of the traditional inspired poet, of initiation in cults of mystery, of divinity figures and of the Archaic Lyric conception of human existence. Furthermore, the Poem deploys itself in multiple discursive configurations: narration, argument, oracular speaking. In accordance to that, we introduce an interpretative hypothesis associating the Goddess speech in the Poem to a particular kind of oracle, similar to that of the mantic healer. Such associations or assemblages, nonetheless, are not simple reproductions of aspects already present in Greek culture: they are, as a matter of fact, subverted in the direction of the philosophically instituted radical reflection, which collects signals from visible and invisible, leading to thinking / Como é bem sabido, o poema de Parmênides, considerado uma das obras fundamentais do pensamento filosófico grego, apresenta uma pluralidade de elementos míticos, seu esclarecimento constituindo um problema para os intérpretes. Trata-se, neste trabalho, de investigar o significado histórico-filosófico do mythos e do logos no poema, a partir da inserção da obra em seus contextos culturais. Nossa análise inicia-se destacando a presença do mythos, entendido em seu sentido original de maneira autorizada de falar, mostrando-o de tal modo entrelaçado ao logos que o argumento , sem ele, sequer seria compreensível. De outro lado, procuramos determinar a especificidade do logos de Parmênides: trata-se de um logos reflexivo, refutativo , mas não, como pretendem alguns intérpretes, de uma estrita demonstração . Estabelecido esse ponto, surge a obra de Parmênides como produtora de agenciamentos míticos diversos, apropriando-se das imagens do poeta tradicional inspirado, da iniciação nos cultos de mistérios, de figuras de divindades e da concepção da existência humana presente na Lírica arcaica, efetuando-se o poema em múltiplas configurações discursivas (narrativa, argumento, fala oracular). Nesse sentido, introduzimos a hipótese interpretativa da associação da fala da deusa no poema a um tipo específico de oráculo, similar ao do médico-adivinho. Tais associações ou agenciamentos, todavia, não se revelam como simples reproduções de aspectos presentes na cultura grega: eles são mesmo subvertidos em direção à instauração filosófica de uma reflexão radical, que recolhe sinais do visível e do invisível, conduzindo ao pensar

Notre thèse consiste en une édition et traduction des témoignages sur le philosophe présocratique Mélissos de Samos dans l’Antiquité, et un commentaire qui se concentre sur l’histoire de l’interprétation de ce penseur. Notre objectif est de montrer comment Mélissos a été compris par les auteurs anciens en fonction de leur perspective et des connaissances dont ils disposaient, et de présenter les grandes orientations de cette lecture à travers l’Antiquité. Une telle étude est particulièrement intéressante pour Mélissos étant donné qu’il est l’objet d’une doxographie certes riche mais qui peut être analysée dans son intégralité. De plus, elle nous offre un éclairage sur la place de l’éléatisme dans l’histoire de la pensée. Nous avons proposé pour chaque témoin une analyse de leur interprétation de Mélissos, mais nous sommes concentréssur trois grandes lectures : celle d’Aristote, de Pseudo-Aristote dans le MXG et la réinterprétation néoplatonicienne par Philopon et Simplicius. Notre édition présente la quasi-intégralité des textes anciens qui mentionnent Mélissos, et est accompagnée d’un apparat critique sélectif composé à partir des éditions déjà existantes, mais modifié en fonction de nos propres choix éditoriaux. Elle est accompagnée d’une traduction annotée en français. / My dissertation contains an edition and translation of the testimonies on the Presocratic philosopher Melissus of Samos in Antiquity, and a commentary focusing on the history of the way in which he has been interpreted. My aim is to show how he has been understood by ancient writers according to their own agenda and to the knowledge available to them, and to present the main lines of the reception of Melissus throughout Antiquity. A study of this kind is of particular interest in the case of Melissus since he offers a rich material that can be nonetheless analysed in its entirety. Moreover, it provides us with some insights on the place occupied by Eleatism in the intellectual history. For each witness I gave an analysis of theirinterpretation of Melissus, but I concentrated on four main authors: Aristotle, the MXG’s Pseudo-Aristotle and the Neoplatonists Philoponus and Simplicius. My edition includes almost every ancient text that mentions Melissus with a selective critical apparatus, based on the already existing editions, but modified in accordance with my own editorial choices. The edition is accompanied by a French translation with notes.