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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

ANÁLISE PROBABILÍSTICA DO GERENCIAMENTO DA CONGESTÃO EM MERCADOS DE ENERGIA ELÉTRICA / PROBABILIST ANALYSIS OF THE MANAGEMENT OF THE CONGESTION IN MARKETS OF ELECTRIC ENERGY

Rodrigues, Anselmo Barbosa 15 August 2003 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-17T14:52:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Anselmo Rodrigues.pdf: 589170 bytes, checksum: 7eda1a9d5bbe5a0ef8355bc4c4d26ca8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003-08-15 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The restructuring of the electricity industry has caused an increase in the number of commercial transactions carried out in energy markets. These transactions are defined by market forces without considering the operational constraints of the transmission system. As a consequence, there are transactions that cause congestion in the transmission network, that means, violations of operational limits in one or more circuits of the transmission system. In this way, the congestion in the transmission system must be eliminated by using corrective actions, such as redispatch of generation/transactions and operation of control flow devices, to avoid cascading outages with uncontrolled loss of load. Currently, the majority of methodologies used in congestion management are based on deterministic models. It has been justified because of the complexity associated with the application of probabilistic models in generation/transmission systems. Nevertheless, some models have been developed to carry out probabilistic analysis of the congestion management. Usually, they are based on the Monte Carlo Method with nonsequential simulation and they only include bilateral transactions. However, multilateral transactions are also essential for the existence of the energy markets. The multilateral transactions reduce the financial risks associated with commercial transactions and allow the customers to have access to the energy providers. Additionally by ignoring multilateral transactions, the existing probabilistic models for the congestion management include only not-free-cost corrective actions, such as generation redispatch and transaction curtailments. On the other hand, free-cost corrective actions, such as phase shifting transformers and FACTS devices, can provide low cost solutions to eliminate congestion in interconnections of the transmission system. This condition is caused by the delay in carrying out reinforcements in the transmission systems due to financial and environmental constraints. Finally, it must be noted that only probabilistic indices based in expected values are evaluated by the probabilistic models of congestion management. However, system operators have difficulty in interpreting probabilistic indices based only in expected values. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new indices to carry out probabilistic analysis of congestion management. These new indices must consider traditionally accepted operational criteria and they must be easily interpreted by the system operators. This research has as its objective the development of models and techniques to carry out the probabilistic analysis of congestion management. The proposed models and techniques consider the following aspects associated with congestion management: the modeling of multilateral transactions, phase shifting transformers and the definition of Well-Being Indices to assess the reliability of the commercial transactions. These indices, allow the establishment of a link between the operational criteria traditionally used and the stochastic model of the electrical network. The models and indices, proposed in this research, have been based on the Monte Carlo Method with non-sequential simulation and in the linearized optimal power flow. The optimal power flow problems associated with the congestion management have been solved using the Primal-Dual Interior-Point Method. The practical application and the validation of the models and indices proposed in this research have been carried out in two systems: the IEEE System, proposed in 1996, for Reliability Studies. The main conclusions obtained with the application of the proposed models and techniques in the IEEE system are: multilateral congestion management can improve the reliability of commercial transactions, load profiles have significant effects on the Well-Being indices of the transactions, the base case condition has great impact in the Well-Being indices associated with a set of transactions and the operation of phase-shifting transformers and can decrease significantly the curtailments in the commercial transactions. / A reestruturação da indústria de eletricidade causou um aumento no número de transações comerciais efetuadas em mercados de energia. Estas transações são definidas por forças de mercado sem considerar restrições operacionais do sistema de transmissão. Consequentemente existem transações comerciais que causam congestão no sistema de transmissão, ou seja, resultam em violações de limites operacionais em um ou mais circuitos do sistema de transmissão. Desta forma, a congestão no sistema de transmissão deve ser eliminada usando-se ações corretivas, tais como redespacho de geração/transações e operação de dispositivos de controle de fluxo, para evitar contingências em cascata com perda de carga descontrolada. Atualmente, a maioria das metodologias usadas no gerenciamento da congestão se baseia em métodos determinísticos. Isto tem sido justificado devido a complexidade associada com a aplicação de modelos probabilísiticos em sistemas de geração/transmissão. Apesar disto, alguns modelos foram desenvolvidos para realizar uma análise probabilística do gerenciamento da congestão. Estes modelos geralmente se baseiam no método de Monte Carlo com Simulação Não-Sequencial e somente incluem transações bilaterais. Entretanto, transações multilaterais são também de grande importância para a existência dos mercados de energia. Os contratos multilaterais reduzem os riscos financeiros associados com transações comerciais e permitem que os consumidores tenham acesso aos fornecedores de energia. Além de não considerarem transações multilaterais, os modelos probabilísticos existentes para o gerenciamento da congestão somente incluem ações corretivas não-livres de custo, tais como redespacho da geração e cortes nas transações. Por outro lado, ações corretivas livres de custo, tais como transformadores defasadores e dispositivos FACTS, podem fornecer soluções de baixo custo para eliminar a congestão nas interligações do sistema de transmissão. Esta condição é causada pelo atraso na realização de reforços no sistema de transmissão devido a restrições financeiras e ambientais. Finalmente, observa-se que apenas índices probabilísticos que se baseiam em valores esperados são calculados pelos modelos probabilísticos de gerenciamento da congestão. Entretanto, operadores do sistema tem dificuldade em interpretar índices probabilísticos que se baseiam em valores esperados. Devido a isto, é necessário desenvolver novos índices para realizar uma análise probabilística do gerenciamento da congestão. Estes novos índices devem considerar critérios de avaliação tradicionalmente aceitos e serem facilmente interpretados pelos operadores do sistema. Este trabalho de pesquisa tem como objetivo desenvolver modelos e técnicas para realizar a análise probabilística do gerenciamento da congestão. Os modelos e técnicas propostos neste trabalho consideraram os seguintes aspectos associados com o gerenciamento da congestão: modelagem de transações multilaterais e transformadores defasadores no gerenciamento da congestão e a definição de índices de robustez para analisar a confiabilidade das transações comerciais. Estes índices permitem estabelecer um elo entre critérios de operação tradicionalmente usados e a modelagem probabilística da rede elétrica. Os modelos e índices propostos neste trabalho de pesquisa se baseiam no Método de Monte Carlo com simulação não-sequencial e no fluxo de potência ótimo linearizado. Os problemas de fluxo de potência ótimo associados com o gerenciamento da congestão foram resolvidos usando-se o Método de Pontos-Interiores Primal-Dual. A aplicação prática e validação dos modelos e índices propostos nesta pesquisa foi realizada através de diversos testes no sistema IEEE, proposto em 1996, para estudos de confiabilidade. As principais conclusões obtidas com a aplicação dos modelos e técnicas propostos no sistema IEEE são: o gerenciamento da congestão multilateral pode aumentar a confiabilidade das transações comerciais, perfis de carga tem efeitos significativos nos índices de robustez das transações comerciais, a condição do caso base tem grande impacto nos índices de robustez associados com um conjunto de transações e a operação de transfotmadores defasadores pode diminuir significativamente as interrupções nas transações comerciais.
2

Τεχνοοικονομική ανάλυση δικτύων ηλεκτρικής ενέργειας σε συνθήκες ελεύθερης αγοράς με προσεγγίσεις στατιστικής μηχανικής

Παπαναστασίου, Στυλιανός 07 June 2013 (has links)
Τα φυσικά ανάλογα έχουν αποδειχθεί, στο παρελθόν, ιδιαίτερα υποσχόμενα για την κατανόηση της συμπεριφοράς των σύνθετων προσαρμοστικών συστημάτων, συμπεριλαμβανομένων της μακροοικονομίας, των βιολογικών συστημάτων και των κοινωνικών δικτύων, καθώς πολλά από τα σημερινά τεχνικά ερωτήματα μπορούν να μετατραπούν σε ένα πρόβλημα κατανεμημένου οικονομικού ελέγχου. Σκοπός της παρούσας διπλωματικής εργασίας είναι η κατασκευή κι αξιοποίηση ενός τέτοιου ανάλογου με τη θερμοδυναμική, ατομική και στατιστική φυσική για τη μελέτη της συμπεριφοράς των απελευθερωμένων αγορών ηλεκτρικής ενέργειας. Αρχικά, επιχειρείται η συστημική ανάλυση όλων των συντελεστών, παραγόντων και λειτουργιών μίας αγοράς ηλεκτρισμού, με εκτενή αναφορά στην ελληνική πραγματικότητα, και, στη συνέχεια, αυτή μοντελοποιείται μαθηματικά, μέσω της οικονομικής ανάλυσης των αγορών και της προσέγγισης εκείνων των οικονομικών μοντέλων αγορών που ανταποκρίνονται στα δίκτυα ηλεκτρικής ενέργειας. Έπειτα, πραγματοποιείται μία εισαγωγή στην εφαρμοσμένη, κατά τον ίδιο τρόπο, στατιστική μηχανική, με τη συνοπτική περιγραφή αντίστοιχων προσεγγίσεων σε γνωστά μοντέλα του χρήματος, του χρέους και της ενεργειακής κατανάλωσης, ενώ τελικά κατασκευάζεται το ζητούμενο μοντέλο που διέπεται από τους κανόνες της στατιστικής μηχανικής, τους περιορισμούς και τις ιδιότητες της ελεύθερης αγοράς ηλεκτρισμού. / Physical analogs have previously proved to be quite promising for understanding the behavior of complex adaptive systems, including macroeconomics, biological systems and social networks, since many of today’s challenging technical questions and problems can be reduced to a distributed economic control problem. The purpose of this thesis is the derivation and development of such an analog to thermal, atomic and statistical physics, in order to study the behavior of free power markets. At first, a systemic approach of all agents, factors and functions of an electric power market is being attempted, with an extended reference to the greek power system and market, and, later, markets are being mathematically modeled, through the economic analysis of markets in general and the approach in those models which can be or have been adopted for electic power transactions. Then, an introduction to respectively applied statistical mechanics is being made, along with a summarized description of previous analogs invented for analyzing the models of money, debt and energy consumption, and, finally, the required model, ruled by the laws of statistical physics and the constraints and properties of free electric power markets, is being developed.

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