Entre os sistemas de reconhecimento biométrico, a biometria da face exerce um papel importante nas atividades de pesquisa e nas aplicações de segurança, pois a face pode ser obtida sem conhecimento prévio de um indivíduo. Atualmente, uma grande quantidade de imagens digitais e seqüências de vídeo têm sido adquiridas principalmente sob condições não-controladas, freqüentemente com ruído, borramento, oclusão e variação de escala e iluminação. Por esses problemas, o reconhecimento facial (RF) é ainda considerado como uma área de pesquisa ativa e uma tarefa desafiadora. A motivação vem do fato que o reconhecimento de faces nas imagens com fundo complexo e em base de imagens faciais tem sido uma aplicação de sucesso. Portanto, o principal foco deste trabalho é reconhecer uma ou mais faces em imagens estáticas contendo diversos indivíduos e um individuo (face) em uma base de imagens com faces únicas obtidas sob condições diferentes. Para trabalhar com faces múltiplas, uma abordagem semi-supervisionada foi proposta baseada em características locais invariantes e discriminativas. A extração de características (EC) locais é feita utilizando-se do algoritmo Speeded-Up Robust Features (SURF). A busca por regiões nas quais as características ótimas podem ser extraídas é atendida através do algoritmo ABC. Os resultados obtidos mostram que esta abordagem é robusta e eficiente para aplicações de RF exceto para faces com iluminação não-uniforme. Muitos trabalhos de RF são baseados somente na extração de uma característica e nas abordagens de aprendizagem de máquina. Além disso, as abordagens existentes de EC usam características globais e/ou locais. Para obter características relevantes e complementares, a metodologia de RF deve considerar também as características de diferentes tipos e semi-globais. Portanto, a abordagem hierárquica de RF é proposta baseada na EC como globais, semi-globais e locais. As globais e semi-globais são extraídas utilizando-se de Color Angles (CA) e Edge Histogram Descriptors (EHD) enquanto somente características locais são extraídas utilizando-se do SURF. Uma ampla análise experimental foi feita utilizando os três métodos individualmente, seguido por um esquema hierárquico de três - estágios usando imagens faciais obtidas sob duas condições diferentes de iluminação com expressão facial e uma variação de escala leve. Além disso, para CA e EHD, o desempenho da abordagem foi também analisado combinando-se características globais, semi-globais e locais. A abordagem proposta alcança uma taxa de reconhecimento alta com as imagens de todas as condições testadas neste trabalho. Os resultados enfatizam a influência das características locais e semi-globais no desempenho do reconhecimento. Em ambas as abordagens, tanto nas faces únicas quanto nas faces múltiplas, a conquista principal é o alto desempenho obtido somente com a capacidade discriminativa de características sem nenhum esquema de treinamento. / Among biometric recognition systems, face biometrics plays an important role in research activities and security applications since face images can be acquired without any knowledge of individuals. Nowadays a huge amount of digital images and video sequences have been acquired mainly from uncontrolled conditions, frequently including noise, blur, occlusion and variation on scale and illumination. Because of these issues, face recognition (FR) is still an active research area and becomes a complex problem and a challenging task. In this context, the motivation comes from the fact that recognition of faces in digital images with complex background and databases of face images have become one of the successful applications of Computer Vision. Hence, the main goal of this work is to recognize one or more faces from still images with multiple faces and from a database of single faces obtained under different conditions. To work with multiple face images under varying conditions, a semi-supervised approach proposed based on the invariant and discriminative power of local features. The extraction of local features is done using Speeded-Up Robust Features (SURF). The search for regions from which optimal features can be extracted is fulfilled by an improved ABC algorithm. To fully exploit the proposed approach, an extensive experimental analysis was performed. Results show that this approach is robust and efficient for face recognition applications except for faces with non-uniform illumination. In the literature, a significant number of single FR researches are based on extraction of only one feature and machine learning approaches. Besides, existing feature extraction approaches broadly use either global or local features. To obtain relevant and complementary features from face images, a face recognition methodology should consider heterogeneous features and semi-global features. Therefore, a novel hierarchical semi-supervised FR approach is proposed based on extraction of global, semi-global and local features. Global and semi-global features are extracted using Color Angles (CA) and edge histogram descriptors (EHD) meanwhile only local features are extracted using SURF. An extensive experimental analysis using the three feature extraction methods was done first individually followed by a three-stage hierarchical scheme using the face images obtained under two different lighting conditions with facial expression and slight scale variation. Furthermore, the performance of the approach was also analyzed using global, semi-global and local features combinations for CA and EHD. The proposed approach achieves high recognition rates considering all image conditions tested in this work. In addition to this, the results emphasize the influence of local and semi-global features in the recognition performance. In both, single face and multiple faces approaches, the main achievement is the high performance obtained only from the discriminative capacity of extracted features without any training schemes.

This thesis analyses the behavior of an induction motor based on a mathematical model created for its simulation. The model describes the interaction of its several non linear differential equations to present a simulated output of induced torque and mechanical speed. Considering the applications to marine propulsion, it is also the goal of the project to design and test a control system for the speed of the motor by maintaining a specific cruse speed regardless the perturbations. / by Camilo Carlos Roa. / Thesis (M.S.C.S.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2010. / Includes bibliography. / Electronic reproduction. Boca Raton, Fla., 2010. Mode of access: World Wide Web.

Orientador: Paulo José Amaral Serni / Banca: Claudionor Francisco do Nascimento / Banca: Fernando Pinhabel Marafão / Resumo: Este trabalho apresenta um estudo dos fenômenos de desequilíbrio e assimetria que podem ocorrer em sistemas trifásicos, no qual foram estudadas duas abordagens. A primeira delas é a abordagem tradicional de análise de fenômenos de desequilíbrio e assimetria, proposta por Fortescue, denominadas Componentes Simétricas ou Componentes de Sequência. Essa proposta desenvolvida no domínio da frequência foi estudada também no domínio do tempo, após sua adaptação. Isso porque as componentes simétricas generalizadas, nova abordagem de análise de desequilíbrio, está desenvolvida no domínio do tempo. Ambas as propostas de análise do desequilíbrio e assimetria trifásicos são aplicadas à sistemas trifásicos periódicos não senoidais. Enquanto que as componentes simétricas de Fortescue, para serem calculadas, necessitam que o sistema trifásico não senoidal seja decomposto nas harmônicas da série de Fourier, as componentes simétricas generalizadas podem ser aplicadas diretamente ao sistema não senoidal. O desenvolvimento de ambas as abordagens para um sistema periódico não senoidal resulta em relação entre ambas as propostas de análise de desequilíbrio e assimetria As relações entre as componentes simétricas generalizadas e as componentes simétricas de Fortescue são a principal contribuição deste trabalho. Baseado nas componentes simétricas generalizadas, novos indicadores de desequilíbrio são propostos. Os novos indicadores são comparados com os indicadores de desequilíbrio clássicos, os quais foram desenvolvidos a partir da proposta de Fortescue. Por fim, uma aplicação é desenvolvida na qual foram aplicados os conceitos estudados. Nesta aplicação, uma tensão trifásica não senoidal desequilibrada alimenta um motor de indução trifásico / Abstract: This work presents a study of the phenomena of unbalance and asymmetry which may occur in three-phase systems which two approaches were studied. The first one is the traditional approach of analysis of phenomena of unbalance and asymmetry, proposed by Fortescue, called Symmetrical Components or Sequence Components. This proposal developed in the frequency domain was also studied in the time domain after adaptation. This because of the generalized symmetrical components, new approach to the analysis of unbalance and asymmetry is developed in the time domain. Both proposals for analysis if the unbalance and asymmetry in three-phase systems are applied to the periodic non-sinusoidal three-phase systems. While the symmetrical components of Fortescue, to be calculated, require that the non-sinusoidal three-phase system is decomposed into harmonic Fourier series, the generalized symmetrical components can be applied directly to the non-sinusoidal system. The development of both approaches to a periodic non-sinusoidal system results in relationships between both proposals for analysis of unbalance and asymmetry. The relationships between the symmetrical components and the generalized symmetrical components of Fortescue are the main contribution of this work. Based on the generalized symmetrical components, new indicators of unbalance are proposed. The new new indicators are compared with the classical indicators of unbalance, which were developed from the proposed Fortescue. Finally, an application is developed with the concepts studied. In this application, an unbalanced non-sinusoidal three-phase voltage supplies a three-phase induction motor / Mestre

Abstract not available

DEVELOPMENT AND RESEARCH OF SPECIAL LUMINAIRE SYSTEMS Relevance of the research When Lithuania were joined into the European Community it has become necessary to use lighting devices corresponding to requirements of the European Community – ENEC norms. Taking into account the specificity of given devices in Lithuania and other new EU countries they should be steady against low temperatures, humidity, acts of vandalism, to be suitable for the illumination of industrial buildings and to fulfil the requirements of low prices of the new incorporated countries. Recently new comprehensive ENEC norms (EN European Norms, EC Electrical Certification) for luminaires were drawn up and effectively introduced by the European Union. As a result, the production of a wide range of electrical operating equipment was discontinued due to the inconsistency between technical parameters of produced equipment and new norms. Such equipments were not allowed to be marketed. Therefore it has become necessary to develop luminaires capable to fulfil the increased quality requirements of the European Union. Their development should also taken into account due to the targets of product responsibility (§ 22) laid down in the Act for Promoting Closed Substance Cycle Waste Management and Ensuring Environmentally Compatible Waste Disposal introduced in 1996 also should be taken into account extensively the aspects of ecological efficiency. In the past, plastic luminaire systems belonging to a higher... [to full text]

DEVELOPMENT AND RESEARCH OF SPECIAL LUMINAIRE SYSTEMS Relevance of the research When Lithuania were joined into the European Community it has become necessary to use lighting devices corresponding to requirements of the European Community – ENEC norms. Taking into account the specificity of given devices in Lithuania and other new EU countries they should be steady against low temperatures, humidity, acts of vandalism, to be suitable for the illumination of industrial buildings and to fulfil the requirements of low prices of the new incorporated countries. Recently new comprehensive ENEC norms (EN European Norms, EC Electrical Certification) for luminaires were drawn up and effectively introduced by the European Union. As a result, the production of a wide range of electrical operating equipment was discontinued due to the inconsistency between technical parameters of produced equipment and new norms. Such equipments were not allowed to be marketed. Therefore it has become necessary to develop luminaires capable to fulfil the increased quality requirements of the European Union. Their development should also taken into account due to the targets of product responsibility (§ 22) laid down in the Act for Promoting Closed Substance Cycle Waste Management and Ensuring Environmentally Compatible Waste Disposal introduced in 1996 also should be taken into account extensively the aspects of ecological efficiency. In the past, plastic luminaire systems belonging to a higher... [to full text]

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2007. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 152-158).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 120-126).

O grupo de trabalho do IEEE 802.16 está desenvolvendo um padrão para redes de acesso banda larga sem fio em redes metropolitanas, também conhecido como WiMAX. Uma das características da camada MAC (Media Access Control) desse padrão, é que ela foi projetada para diferenciar o serviço entre as categorias de tráfego com diferentes requisitos de multimídia. Com base nessa premissa e considerando que a norma não especifica um algoritmo de escalonamento, um novo escalonador com controle de admissão de conexão foi proposto com base na teoria do servidor Latency-Rate (LR) e características do sistema especificadas pela norma para sistemas utilizando a interface aérea WirelessMAN-OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing). O algoritmo de escalonamento proposto calcula o tempo do quadro (TF - Time Frame) com o objetivo de maximizar o número de estações alocadas no sistema e ao mesmo tempo garantir o atraso solicitado para cada usuário. Propriedades desta proposta foram investigadas teoricamente e através de simulações. Um conjunto de simulações é apresentado com fluxos de taxa de bits constante (CBR - Constant Bit Rate) e taxa de bits variável (VBR - Variable Bit Rate) e as comparações de desempenho com diferentes atrasos (delay) e diferentes TFs. Os resultados mostraram que o limite de atraso superior pode ser alcançado por uma grande variedade de cargas na rede, com otimização da largura de banda. / The IEEE 802.16 Working Group on Broadband Wireless Access is developing a standard for broadband wireless access networks in Metropolitan Area Network (MAN), also know as WiMAX. One of the features of the MAC (Media Access Control) layer is that it was designed to differentiate service among traffic categories with different multimedia requirements. Based on these assumptions and considering that the standard does not specify a scheduling algorithm, a new scheduler with admission control connection has been proposed based on Latency-Rate (LR) server theory and system characteristics specified by the standard for systems using the WirelessMAN-OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) air interface. The proposed scheduling algorithm calculates the Time Frame (TF) in order to maximize the number of stations allocated in the system while guarantee the delay required for each user. Properties of this proposal have been investigated theoretically and through simulations. A set of simulations is presented with streams of Constant Bit Rate (CBR) and Variable Bit Rate (VBR) and performance comparisons with different delays and different TFs. The results showed that the upper limit of delay can be achieved by a variety of loads in the network, optimizing the bandwidth.

CAPES; CNPq / Neste trabalho, os fundamentos da modulação acusto-óptica em redes de difração são apresentados. Através de uma análise detalhada dos modos de excitação mecânicos, mostrou-se que dois tipos predominantes de excitação acústica podem ser encontrados na fibra óptica dependendo da frequência acústica aplicada. Através da caracterização do modulador acusto-óptico, foi possível desenvolver novas aplicações, dentre as quais pode-se citar um dispositivo de inserção e retirada de canais em links ópticos cuja velocidade de chaveamento é uma das maiores apresentadas até agora na literatura, um compensador de dispersão sintonizável de banda estreita, um filtro óptico baseado na modulação acusto-óptica de uma rede de Bragg com uma diferença de fase, um novo método para controlar a escrita de redes de Bragg durante o processo de gravação utilizando-se da técnica da máscara de fase e um sensor de viscosidade, cuja aplicação pode ser considerada a mais promissora. / In this work, the fundamentals of the acousto-optic modulation in diffraction gratings are presented. By means of a detailed analysis of the mechanical excitation modes applied to the modulator set, it was noticed that two predominant modes of acoustic excitation can be found in the optical fiber depending on the applied acoustic frequency. Through this characterization, it was possible to develop new applications, such as a fast acousto-optic add-drop multiplexing for optical channels, which produces one of the fastest switching device presented in the literature, a narrow tunable single channel dispersion compensator, a tunable optical filter based on the acousto-optic modulation of a phase-shifted fiber Bragg grating, a new method to control the spectrum of Bragg gratings during the writing process and a viscosity sensor, whose application can be considered the most promising.