The research for electric vehicles has been growing during last years and the development of electric drive trains can be considered a main challenge. This thesis presents the electric drive train of the research concept vehicle (RCV) 2013, with particular focus on electric machines, motor controllers, and the communication system. In the first part of this thesis, the electric drive train configuration and components are described. In-wheel motors are proposed which is a permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM). This technology allows the use of autonomous corner modules (ACM) increasing the quality and safety of the system. Each of the four in-wheel motors has a controller enabling the use of torque or speed control mode. Furthermore, a dSPACE unit provides the total control of the system by CAN bus. Additionally, the dSPACE ControlDesk interface used to control the drive system is presented. In the second part, the heat sink of the AC Drive is investigated by measurements and analytical calculations. Furthermore, the motor temperature at different loads is also presented and discussed. Finally, the efficiency of an in-wheel motor (PRA 230) is studied. Also the efficiency of the motor controller is estimated and discussed.

Les progrès technologiques augmentent la complexité des systèmes énergétiques, ce qui permet d'avoir variés sources et architectures possibles. Si le contexte économique et écologique est également pris en compte, l'industrie automobile est menée à aligner sa production sur des véhicules hybrides ou électriques qui disposent d'une gestion de l'énergie sophistiquée. Ainsi, les études pour la conception sont orientées à l'optimisation et à la gestion de l'énergie en tenant compte les tendances des constructeurs : i) augmenter les performances des véhicules, ii) avoir des véhicules moins polluants en réduisant la consommation de carburant et iii) diminuer le temps nécessaire à la conception et au processus de validation. Face à ces problèmes, une approche qui aide le concepteur à caractériser le système de gestion de l'énergie d'un VEH est proposée. Cette caractérisation consiste à : i) choisir l'architecture de la chaîne de traction, ii) le dimensionnement des composants (groupes) et iii) le contrôleur de gestion de l'énergie. Pour accomplir ces tâches, une méthode de modélisation énergétique fonctionnelle est proposée. Cette approche proposée à un niveau d'abstraction "juste nécessaire" qui permet d'avoir une analyse énergétique pour une série de cas d'utilisation. La méthode repose sur des boucles de contrôle locales, un contrôleur global et des équations de base et elle permet d'avoir une optimisation modulaire pour tout changement d'architecture. Prochaine étape de la validation est l'adaptation du modèle fonctionnel afin d'obtenir le contrôleur de haut niveau pour le niveau multi-physique avec deux étapes proposées : i) l'ajustement des paramètres des éléments fonctionnels et ii) l'interconnexion les modèles fonctionnels et multi-physiques. Après l'illustration du démonstrateur d'un VEH, trois stratégies de gestion de l'énergie sont proposées : i) fondée sur des règles, ii) fondée sur PFC avec fonctionnement de partage de besoin par priorisation et iii) fondée sur PFC avec fonctionnement boost. Les stratégies de gestion de l'énergie proposées sont ensuite comparées par indicateurs de performance (consommation de carburant, nombre de cycles marche/arrêt du groupe motopropulseur et consommation de carburant corrigée avec variation de l'état de charge du stockage électrique) avec des cas d'usages définis. / Technology advancements increase the complexity of energy systems which bring additional varieties of sources and possible architectures to choose. If the economic and ecological context is also included, the automobile industry is in_uenced to align their production to hybrid or battery electric vehicles that have sophisticated energy management system. Thus, researchers and designers have oriented their studies for system design, optimisation and energy management that take into consideration the constructor tendencies : i) increasing vehicle performances, ii) having less polluting vehicles by reducing fuel consumption and iii) decreasing the time needed for design and validation process. Against these problematics, an approach that assists the system designer to fully characterize the energy management system of a HEV is proposed. This characterization consists : i) choosing powertrain architecture, ii) component (units) sizing and iii) energy management controller. In order to accomplish these tasks, a functional energetic modelling method is proposed. Proposed functional modelling level has a level of abstraction _just necessary_ which permits to have energetic analysis for a series of use case. This method relies on local control loops, a global controller and basic equations and it allows to have a modular optimisation for any architecture changes. The second-stage in the validation is completed by adapting the functional model in order to obtain the high-level controller for the multi-physical level with two offered steps : i) adjustment the functional elements' parameters and ii) interconnection the functional and multi-physical models. After the illustration of the demonstrator of a HEV, three strategies for energy management is proposed : i) based on rules, ii) based on PFC with power sharing function and iii) based on PFC with booster function. The proposed energy management strategies then compared by performance indicators (fuel consumption, number of on/off cycles of engine powertrain and corrected fuel consumption with variation of state of charge of electrical storage) with defined use cases.

Baigiamajame magistro darbe atlikta daugiainduktorės elektros pavaros valdymo būdų analizė. Pateikiami tiesiaeigio asinchroninio variklio statinių charakteristikų skaičiavimai. Sudaryti daugiainduktorės elektros pavaros kompiuteriniai modeliai: fazinėje koordinačių sistemoje ir x, y koordinačių sistemoje. Tiriamojoje dalyje pateiktos daugiainduktorės elektros pavaros jėgos, pagreičio, greičio, kelio, srovės dinaminės charakteristikos, kai induktoriai maitinami iš pastovios įtampos ir dažnio elektros tinklo. Taip pat pateikiamos jėgos, pagreičio, greičio, kelio, srovės dinaminės charakteristikos, kai induktoriai maitinami iš skirtingos įtampos ir dažnio elektros tinklo. Remiantis gautais rezultatais baigiamojo darbo pabaigoje suformuluotos išvados ir pasiūlymai. Prieduose pateikiami TAV statinių charakteristikų skaičiavimo rezultatai, kompiuterinio modelio programa. Darbą sudaro 8 dalys: įvadas, literatūros apžvalga, tyrimo tikslas ir uždaviniai, teorinė dalis, tiriamoji dalis, išvados ir pasiūlymai, literatūra ir kiti šaltiniai, priedai. Darbo apimtis – 64 p. teksto be priedų, 65 iliustr., 2 lentelės 33 bibliografiniai šaltiniai. / In the Final Master Thesis analyzed control methods of multi inductor linear electric drive . Provided the linear induction motor operating characteristics calculations. Moreover, two types of computer models are created: in phase coordinate system and x, y coordinate system. At the research part presented multi inductor electric drive force, acceleration, speed, road, current dynamic characteristics, when inductors are powered by a constant voltage and frequency of the mains. Also presents force, acceleration, speed, road, current dynamic characteristics, when inductors are powered from different voltage and frequency of the mains. Based on the results of the thesis provides conclusions and recommendations. At the annexes part presented calculation results of linear electric motor static characteristics and application of a computer model. The Thesis consists of 8 sections: introduction, literature review, research purpose and objectives, the theoretical part, research part, conclusions and suggestions, references and other sources and annexes. The Thesis includes: 64 pages of the text without annexes, 65 figures, 2 tables, 33 references.

Baigiamajame magistro darbe nagrinėjama iešmo elektros pavara su tiesiaeigiu asinchroniniu cilindriniu varikliu. Programiniu paketu ,,Matlab“ yra sudaryti pavaros matematiniai modeliai α, β koordinačių sistemoje. Uždaviniai – tiesiaeigės iešmo elektros pavaros kompiuterinio modelio sudarymas, tyrimas ir dinaminių charakteristikų imitavimas. Literatūros analizės dalyje išnagrinėtos tiesiaeigės elektros pavaros, jų taikymo sritys bei valdymo būdai. Magistro darbo teorinėje dalyje pateikiamos tiesiaeigių elektros pavarų skaičiavimo ir valdymo metodikų analizės. Tiriamoji dalis apima iešmo elektros pavaros su tiesiaeigiu cilindriniu asinchroniniu varikliu matematinių modelių sudarymą ir dinaminių charakteristikų tyrimą programiniu paketu ,,Matlab“. Matematiniai modeliai yra sudaromi pavarai veikiant skirtingais darbo režimais (pavara perjungiama neapkrauta, pavara perjungiama apkrovus nominalia apkrova ir iešmą perjungiant pabaigoje ir pradžioje trukdant papildomai pasipriešinimo jėgai) ir tyrimo rezultatai pateikiami grafiškai. Gauti rezultatai yra palyginami ir apibendrinami. Išnagrinėjus teorinius tiesiaeigės iešmo elektros pavaros su asinchroniniu cilindriniu varikliu darbo režimų aspektus, pateikiamos išvados ir pasiūlymai. Tyrimo rezultatai gali būti panaudoti iešmo elektros pavaros su tiesiaeigiu asinchroniniu varikliu racionaliam ir optimaliam realizavimui geležinkelio transporto automatinio valdymo sistemose. Darbą sudaro 9 dalys: santrumpos ir simboliai, įvadas... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The final Bachelor thesis analyses point electric drive with cylinder-type linear asynchronous motor. Software package ,,Matlab“ was used to prepare mathematical models of the drive in α, β coordinate system. Objectives: preparing and analyzing a computer model of linear point electric drive, simulation of dynamic characteristics. The analysis of literary sources deals with linear electric drives, their application areas and methods of control. Theoretical part of the Master thesis presents analyses of calculation and control methods of linear electric drives. The analytical part of the thesis includes mathematical models of point electric drive with cylinder-type linear asynchronous motor and the analysis of dynamic characteristics using software package ,,Matlab“. Mathematical models were prepared when the drive operated in different modes (the drive switched without load, the drive switched with nominal load, the switch connected at the end or beginning, thereby blocking additional resistance force). Research results were presented in a graphical form. Obtained results were compared and summarized. Following the analysis of the theoretical aspects of operating modes of linear point electric drive with cylinder-type asynchronous motor, conclusions and recommendations were presented. Research results can be used for rational and optimal realization of point electric drive with linear asynchronous motor in automatic railway control systems. The thesis consists of nine parts:... [to full text]

Am Beispiel einer Landmaschine wurde die Integration eines dieselelektrischen Einzelradantriebes unter der Berücksichtigung der spezifischen Anforderungen nachgewiesen. Die Integration des elektrischen Antriebes in die Fahrzeugfelge führt zu einem abgeschlossenen System mit definierten Schnittstellen. Zur Umsetzung des Antriebssystems werden unterschiedliche Lösungen diskutiert und die Vorzugsvariante realisiert. Für das Antriebssystem und das Fahrzeug werden die Funktionsnachweise mittels Simulationsergebnissen, Prüfstands- und Fahrversuchen erbracht. Ebenso wird der Nutzen eines elektrischen Einzelradantriebssystems diskutiert.

This thesis deals withmodeling and control of an electric drive equipped with a permanentmagnet assisted synchronous reluctance (PMSynRel) machine for a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle application. In the first part of the thesis, a special use of the PMSynRel machine in consideration, known as an integrated charger concept, is investigated. The integrated charger feature allows using the PMSynRel machine as a part of the vehicle’s on-board charging system when charging the battery from the grid. A finite-element based analysis is performed providing important insights into the machine operation during the charging process. Dynamic models are developed that facilitate the controller development and the estimation of the efficiency during charging. In the second part of the thesis, position sensorless control of the PMSynRel drive when applied in an automotive application is considered and analyzed thoroughly. First, a fundamental-excitation based rotor-position estimation technique is investigated. The study shows that the impact of current dynamics on the resulting torque dynamics has to be considered in some very demanding applications. Second, focus is put on signalinjection based sensorless control methods. Impacts of nonlinearities, such as magnetic saturation, cross-saturation and inductance spatial harmonics, on sensorless control performance are investigated and methods to improve the sensorless control quality are summarized and presented. An approach to determine the feasible region for operating sensorless at low-speeds without directly measuring the differential inductances is proposed. For the PMSynRel drive in consideration, the achievable maximum torque is limited when operating sensorless following the maximum-torque-per-ampere (MTPA) current reference trajectory at low-speeds. An optimization approach is therefore proposed which extends the output torque when operating sensorless while still maintaining a relatively high efficiency. To initialize the sensorless control correctly from standstill, the impact of the saturated magnetic bridges in the rotor is also investigated. Finally, torsional drive-train oscillations and active damping schemes are considered. An off-vehicle setup for implementing and evaluating different active damping schemes is proposed. Of particular interest for sensorless operation in automotive applications, the impact of slow speed estimation on the possibility to achieve good active damping control is investigated and a design approach that allows the implementation of an active damping scheme using estimated speed is suggested. / <p>QC 20140114</p>

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-12T17:38:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Filipe - RESUMO.pdf: 27146 bytes, checksum: 965d13a57f8850f7f5953eb1442cb7ab (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-09-18 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This paper discusses the implementation of some control strategies, without making use of mechanical sensors, for motor drives commonly used in white goods. In this way, initially, it is made a literature review about the system to be controlled, explaining about the different types of engines, discussing its details and classification, focusing particularly on permanent magnet synchronous motors. Thus, in order to facilitate the understanding of the control system, it is presented both the machine model as the known methods to control it. Then, a brief introduction to vector control with constant torque angle, which is the control approach used in this work. Thus, knowing the particularities involved in motor control, and knowing the problems inherent in the use of mechanical sensors at the control designs, it is presented various techniques that do not use these devices. Further, it is explained about the classification, advantages and restrictions related to these approaches, discussing three of them in a more specific way: using sliding mode approach; by adaptive models and neural networks. These respective techniques were simulated and then implemented on a trial bench, developed to analyze their characteristics facing pre-defined conditions in the machine drive. Finally, the results obtained were analyzed and discussed, based on similar implementations arranged in the literature. / O presente trabalho aborda a implementação de algumas estratégias de controle, sem fazer uso de sensores mecânicos de rotação, para o acionamento de motores comumente utilizados em produtos da linha branca. Deste modo, inicialmente, faz-se uma revisão bibliográfica acerca do sistema a ser controlado, explanando sobre os tipos de motores existentes, discutindo seus detalhes e classificação, focando particularmente, nos motores síncronos de ímãs permanentes. Com isso, visando facilitar o entendimento do sistema de controle em questão, apresenta-se tanto o modelo da máquina quanto os métodos conhecidos para controlá-la. Em seguida, é feita uma breve introdução ao controle vetorial com ângulo de torque constante, que é a abordagem de controle utilizada neste trabalho. Assim, sabendo das particularidades envolvidas no controle do motor, e conhecendo os problemas inerentes à utilização de sensores mecânicos nos projetos de acionamento, apresentam-se diversas técnicas que não fazem uso destes dispositivos. Na sequência, explana-se sobre a classificação, vantagens e restrições relacionadas a estas abordagens, discutindo três delas de forma mais específica: por modos deslizantes; por modelos adaptativos e por redes neurais. Essas respectivas técnicas foram simuladas e, posteriormente, implementadas em bancada experimental, desenvolvida para analisar suas características frente à condições pré-definidas no acionamento da máquina. Por fim, os resultados obtidos foram analisados, e discutidos, com base em implementações semelhantes dispostas na literatura.

The aim of the thesis is a summarization of current state of knowledge of motorcycle clutches and transmissions and subsequent design of clutch and transmission for electric powered motorcycle. The main topic is design of the clutch of which components were processed by stress analysis and designed for fatigue safety. On top of that, the thesis deals with the design of primary transmission and gear ratios.

The topic of this diploma thesis is concept design long-range car of future, using electric drive. The main goal is to solve analyzed problems, which are reflected in the conceptual design of the vehicle that meets the ergonomic, technical and visual aspects, all focused in car interior.

Master’s thesis handles about measurement on linear motors. Acts about set of two linear machines on one rail. One is motor and second is load. Thesis paies their mathematical description, control and measurement. It’s made measurement of the linear motor load characteristic. Next measurement have to do with losses in the converter. Is chosen measuring instrument t for measurement during working cycle. During working cycle has determine power eciency of entire drive.