The response of a parametrically-excited system to a deterministic nonstationary excitation is studied. The system, which has a cubic nonlinearity, has one focus and two saddle points and can be used as a simple model of a ship in the head or follower seas. The method of multiple scales is applied to the governing equation to derive equations for the amplitude and phase of the response. These equations are used to find the stationary response of the system to stationary excitation. The stability of the stationary response is examined. The stability of stationary periodic solutions to the original governing equation is examined through a Floquet analysis. The response to a nonstationary excitation having (a) a frequency that varies linearly with time, or (b) an amplitude that varies linearly with time, is studied. The response is computed from digital computer integration of the equations found from the method of multiple scales and of the original governing equation. The response to nonstationary excitation has several unique characteristics, including penetration, jump-up, oscillation, and convergence to the stationary solution. The agreement between solutions found from the original governing equation and the method-of-multiple-scales equations is good. For some sweeps of the excitation frequency or amplitude, the response to nonstationary excitation found from the original governing equation exhibits behavior which is analogous to symmetry-breaking bifurcations, period-doubling bifurcations, chaos, and unboundedness in the stationary solution. The maximum response amplitude and the excitation frequency or amplitude at which the response goes unbounded is found as a function of sweep rate. The effect of initial conditions and noise on the response to nonstationary excitation is considered. The results of the digital-computer simulations are verified with an analog computer. / Master of Science

The Switched Reluctance Motor (hereafter referred to as SRM) requires rotor position information for successful operation. The rotor position, in the present day, is obtained through a mechanical/electrical sensor mounted on the rotor shaft. These transducers are expensive and take additional space on the rotor shaft. An alternative scheme of rotor position sensing is proposed in this thesis which overcomes the disadvantages of existing position sensors. This is achieved by injecting a high frequency control level signal on the stator windings and measuring the response. The response is an indirect measure of the rotor position. The principle, design, and implementation of the sensor is described in this thesis. The proposed sensor is inexpensive compared to the available sensors and is expected to find applications in small and medium size SRM drives. / Master of Science

A modeling approach suitable for simulating solid-state-controlled machine systems, including component failures within either the electronics or machine(s), is presented in detail. The capability of modeling unbalanced-machine operation is included in the modeling approach. The approach is directly amenable to computer implementation. Computer implementation of the modeling approach was performed and the simulated results were compared with actual oscillograms, obtained from the performance tests of an Electric Vehicle Propulsion Unit, in order to verify the proposed modeling approach. Excellent correlation between the simulated waveforms and the oscillograms existed in all the simulated cases. The modeling approach was used also to simulate the electrical behavior of a brushless-excitation system used for large turbine generators. The simulations consisted of normal steady-state operation as well as a scenario of fault conditions occurring within the rotating rectifier assembly of the brushless exciter. The simulated results are displayed and a discussion of intrinsic features of these results needed to identify the specific fault is presented. Fault detection schemes are warranted for such expensive systems. Actual voltage and/or current waveforms could be telemetered to an controller for fault detection and classification. The elements of this modeling approach which allow inexpensive computer simulation of such systems, that can contain nonlinearities and/or spontaneous faults in any of its components, are listed as follows: 1. The capability of automatically generating the systems' governing state equations, from a minimal set of topological data and component values, at any point within the simulation run; 2. Inclusion of unbalanced machine operation is a result of having no topological restrictions placed upon the mutual coupling. 3. Using piece-wise linear I-V characteristics of the solid-state switching components decreases the computation time needed for a given simulation run since iteration for the status of the equivalent resistance values for each switch is only required at their threshold (I-V) points. 4. Employment of an implicit (predictor-corrector) integration algorithm designed specifically for solving stiff differential equations, typically associated with solid-state controlled machine systems, allows realistic modeling of the solid-state switches' equivalent resistance values. Also, implicit algorithms (like the one employed in this work) result in a drastic reduction of computer execution time and an increase in accuracy, when compared to explicit algorithms, systems. for simulating these types of stiff systems. / Ph. D.

Thesis. 1978. M.S.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ENGINEERING. / Includes bibliographical references. / M.S.

Orientador: Ernesto Ruppert Filho / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T03:55:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PeqquenaSuni_JuanCarlos_M.pdf: 1533933 bytes, checksum: dbd348c759114d83f69069e35635591c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: Os parâmetros do modelo matemático dinâmico dos geradores síncronos como a resistência elétrica dos enrolamentos de estator por fase, a resistência elétrica do enrolamento de campo, as resistências elétricas dos enrolamentos amortecedores de eixo direto e de eixo em quadratura, as reatâncias de dispersão dos enrolamentos de estator por fase, do enrolamento de campo e dos enrolamentos amortecedores, bem como as reatâncias de magnetização de eixo direto e de eixo em quadratura do gerador são possíveis de serem determinadas, com razoável aproximação, através de ensaios específicos como o ensaio para determinação da reatância de Potier, o ensaio de curto-circuito trifásico brusco e os ensaios de rejeição de carga. Neste trabalho discute-se o problema da determinação de parâmetros do gerador síncrono auxiliado pela realização de simulações dinâmicas usando o software Matlab/Simulink e a sua biblioteca SimPowerSystems para determinação de parâmetros de um gerador de pólos lisos e de um gerador de pólos salientes através de ensaios de medição da reatância síncrona de eixo direto, ensaio de Potier, ensaio de curto-circuito brusco e ensaio de rejeição de carga. Diversos resultados e conclusões são apresentados usando os parâmetros padronizados mostrados explicitamente por Krause em seu importante livro publicado em 1986. Trata-se de um trabalho que tem finalidades didática e tecnológica de discutir essa questão / Abstract: The synchronous generator dynamic mathematical model parameters like the per phase stator winding electrical resistance, the field winding resistance, the direct and quadrature damping winding resistances, the field winding leakage reactance, the per phase stator winding leakage reactance, the damping winding leakage reactances, and direct and quadrature magnetizing reactances are possible to be determined with some accuracy through specific tests like the Potier reactance determination, the sudden short-circuit test and the load rejection tests. This work is addressed to the problem of salient poles and cylincrical rotor synchronous generator parameters determination aided by the use of dynamic simulations implemented with the Matlab/Simulink package using its SimPowerSystems library. Some results and conclusions about the parameters determination are presented using the standardized and fundamental parameters as shown in the Krause book published in 1986. This paper has both didactic and technological subjects and it is addressed to discuss several aspects on the real parameters determination activities / Mestrado / Energia Eletrica / Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica

Orientador: Ernesto Ruppert Filho / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T12:56:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MendozaLlerena_MariaTeresa_D.pdf: 1988992 bytes, checksum: 5dd20f521a3399d8647dd84af1564344 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: O conhecimento dos valores dos parâmetros do modelo matemático dinâmico de geradores síncronos é de fundamental importância para a análise e controle de sistemas de energia elétrica. Os parâmetros elétricos do modelo matemático dinâmico do gerador síncrono, objetos deste trabalho, são as reatâncias síncronas de eixo d e q, as reatâncias transitórias e subtransitórias de eixos d e q e as constantes de tempo transitórias e subtransitórias de circuito aberto e de curto circuito de eixos d e q. Neste trabalho, apresentam-se metodologias de estimação dos parâmetros do modelo dinâmico de um gerador síncrono, no domínio do tempo e da frequência, usando métodos de otimização como o método de Levy, Gauss-Newton, Levenberg-Marquardt e o método Híbrido. Discute-se, particularmente, a metodologia de estimação dos parâmetros elétricos de um gerador síncrono de polos salientes, através dos dados obtidos dos ensaios de resposta em freqüência com rotor em repouso. Os resultados foram obtidos em laboratório, usando um gerador síncrono de 2 kVA, 230 V, 1800 rpm, 60 Hz. Compararam-se estes resultados com os valores dos parâmetros obtidos em ensaios de curto circuito trifásico brusco e de rejeição de carga / Abstract: The knowledge of the parameter values of synchronous generator dynamic mathematical model has fundamental importance for the analysis and control of power systems. The electrical parameters of synchronous generator dynamic mathematical model, that are the object of this work, are the synchronous reactances in the axis d and q, the transient and subtransient time constants in the axis d and q in open circuit and short circuit. In this work, it is presented methodologies for parameters estimation of a dynamic model of synchronous generator, in the time domain and frequency domain, using optimization methods like the method of Levy, Gauss-Newton, Levenberg-Marquardt, and Hybrid method. It is discussed, particularly, the methodology for estimating the electrical parameters of a salient pole synchronous generator, using data obtained by the frequency response test. The results were obtained in the laboratory using a, 2 kVA, 230 V, 1800 rpm, 60 Hz synchronous generator and compared with the parameter values obtained in tests of short-circuit and load rejection / Doutorado / Energia Eletrica / Doutor em Engenharia Elétrica

Thesis (PhDEng)--University of Stellenbosch, 2003. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The advent of new high energy product permanent magnet materials has opened great opportunities for novel electrical machine topologies with advantageous features such as high efficiency and high power/weight ratio. Amongst others, axial field permanent magnet (AFPM) machines with ironless stators are increasingly being used in power generation applications. Because of the absence of the core losses, a generator with this type of design can operate at a substantially high efficiency. Besides, the high compactness and disc-shaped profile make this type of machine particularly suitable for compact integrated power generation systems. Due to construction problems, the generator application of this type of machine has been limited to quite a low power range. There is a need to investigate the performance capability of this type of AFPM machine in the upper medium power level. The focus of this thesis is on the design optimisation of the air-cooled AFPM generator with an ironless stator. A design approach that directly incorporates the finite element field solution in a multi-dimensional optimisation procedure is developed and applied to the design optimisation of a 300 kW (at unity power factor) AFPM generator. To enable an overall design optimisation of the machine, different design aspects, such as the cooling capacity, the mechanical strength and eddy loss, are also studied in this research. To enable the free movement of the rotor mesh with respect to the stator mesh, the air-gap element originally proposed by Razek et. al. is derived for Cartesian coordinate systems. For minimising the large computation overhead associated with this macro element, a number of existing time-saving schemes have been utilised together with the derived Cartesian air-gap element. The developed finite element time-step model is applied to calculating the steadystate performance of the AFPM machine. Since the flux distribution in an AFPM machine is three dimensional by nature, calculating the eddy current loss by merely using a simple analytical method may be subject to a significant error. To overcome this problem, the two dimensional finite element field modelling is introduced to perform accurate field analysis. To exploit the full advantages of the twodimensional finite element modelling, a multi-layer approach is proposed, which takes into account the variation of the air-gap flux density in the conductors with regard to their relative positions in the air-gap. To account for the radial variation of the field, a multi-slice finite element modelling scheme is devised. The thermal analysis is an important aspect of the design optimisation of AFPM machines. From a design point of view, it is preferable to have a simple but effective method for cooling analysis and design, which can easily be adapted to a wide range of AFPM machines. In this thesis a thermofluid model of the AFPM machine is developed. The fluid flow model is needed for calculating the air flow rate, which is then used to find the convective heat transfer coefficients. These are important parameters in the subsequent thermal calculations. Experimental investigations have been carried out to verify each of the above-mentioned models/methods. With these models implemented, the design optimisation of an air-cooled ironless stator 300 kW (at unity power factor) AFPM generator is carried out. The performance measurements done on the fabricated prototype are compared in this thesis with predicted results. The study shows that the proposed design approach can be applied with success to optimise the design of the AFPM machine. The advantages of high power density, high efficiency, no cogging torque and good voltage regulation make this type of AFPM machine very suitable for power generator applications. The optimum steady-state performance of the AFPM machine shows that this machine with an ironless stator is an excellent candidate for high speed power generator applications, even in the upper medium power level. The good cooling capacity of this type of machine holds the promise of its being a self-cooled generator at high power ratings. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die uitvinding van nuwe hoë energiedigtheid permanent magneet materiale het groot geleenthede vir nuwe elektriese masjien topologië laat ontstaan met voordelige eienskappe soos hoë benuttingsgraad en hoë drywing/gewig verhouding. Onder andere word die aksiaalveld permanente magneet (AVPM) masjiene met kernlose stators toenemend gebruik vir elektriese generator toepassings. As gevolg van die afwesigheid van kernverliese kan 'n generator met hierdie tipe ontwerp teen 'n aansienlik hoë benuttingsgraad werk. Daarbenewens maak die hoë kompaktheid en skyfvorm-profiel die masjien in besonder geskik vir die ontwikkeling van kompak geïntegreerde drywing generator stelsels. As gevolg van konstruksie probleme is die toepassing van hierdie tipe masjien as generator beperk tot redelik lae drywingsgebiede. Dit is nodig om die werkverrigtingsvermoë van hierdie tipe AVPM masjien in die boonste medium drywingsgebied te ondersoek. Die fokus van hierdie tesis is op die ontwerp-optimering van 'n lugverkoelde AVPM generator met 'n kernlose stator. 'n Ontwerpsbenadering wat die eindige element veldoplossing in 'n multi-dimensionele optimeringsprosedure insluit, is ontwikkel en toegepas op die ontwerpsoptimering van 'n 300 kW (by eenheidsarbeidsfaktor) AVPM generator. Om 'n globale ontwerpsoptimering van die masjien te kan doen is verskillende ontwerpsaspekte soos die verkoelingskapasiteit, meganiese sterkte en werwelverliese ook in hierdie navorsing bestudeer. Om die vrye beweging van die rotormaas ten opsigte van die statormaas te verseker is die lugspleet-element, soos oorspronklik deur Razek et al voorgestel, afgelei vir Cartesiaanse koórdinaat stelsels. Om die lang berekeningstyd geassosieer met hierdie makro-element te minimaliseer is 'n aantal bestaande tydbesparende metodes saam met die ontwikkelde Cartesiaanse lugspleet-element gebruik. Die ontwikkelde eindige element tydstapmodel is toegepas om die bestendige werkverrigting van die AVPM masjien te bereken. Aangesien die vloedverspreiding in 'n AVPM masjien van nature drie-dimensioneel is, kan die berekening van die werwelstroomverliese tot aansienlike foute lei as eenvoudige analitiese metodes gebruik word. Om hierdie probleem te oorkom is twee-dimensionele eindige element modellering gebruik om akkurate veld-analise te doen. Om die volle voordele van die twee- dimensionele eindige element modellering te eksploiteer is 'n multi-laag benadering voorgestel wat die variasie van die lugspleetvloeddigtheid in die geleiers met betrekking tot hulle relatiewe lugspleetposisies in ag neem. Om voorsiening te maak vir die radiale variasie van die veld, is 'n multi-skyf eindige element modelleringstegniek ontwikkel. Die termiese analise is 'n belangrike aspek van die ontwerpsoptimering van AVPM masjiene. Vanuit 'n ontwerpsoogpunt is dit verkieslik om 'n eenvoudige maar tog effektiewe metode van verkoelingsanalise en -ontwerp te hê wat maklik toegepas kan word op 'n wye reeks van AVPM masjiene. In hierdie tesis word 'n termovloeimodel van die AVPM masjien ontwikkel. Hierdie vloeimodel is nodig vir die berekening van die lugvloeitempo, wat op sy beurt weer nodig is om die konveksie hitte-oordrag koëffisiënte te bepaal. Hierdie is belangrike parameters in die opvolgende termiese berekeninge. Eksperimentele ondersoek is uitgevoer om elkeen van die bogenoemde modelle en metodes te verifieer. Nadat hierdie modelle geïmplimenteer is, is die ontwerpsoptimering van 'n 300 kW (by eenheidsarbeidsfaktor) lugverkoelde kernlose stator AVPM generator uitgevoer. Die werkverrigtingmetings gedoen op 'n vervaardigde prototipe masjien, word in hierdie tesis vergelyk met voorspelde resultate. Daar word getoon dat die voorgestelde ontwerpsbenadering met sukses toegepas kan word om die ontwerp van die AVPM masjien te optimeer. Die voordele van hoë drywingsdigtheid, hoë benuttingsgraad, geen vertandingsdraaimomente en goeie spanningsregulasie maak hierdie masjien baie aantreklik vir generator toepassings. Die optimum bestendige werkverrigting van die AVPM masjien toon dat hierdie masjien met 'n kernlose stator 'n goeie kandidaat is vir hoë spoed generator toepassings, selfs in die boonste medium drywingsgebied. Die goeie verkoelingskapasiteit van hierdie tipe masjien hou die belofte in van'n selfverkoelde generator by hoë drywing aanslae.

La propulsion hybride (thermique-électrique) constitue une solution pertinente dans la conception de véhicules consommant moins de 2 litres de carburant / 100 km. Néanmoins, ce type de motorisation se heurte à des niveaux de coûts trop élevés pour une large diffusion. Une des raisons de ces coûts importants se situe au niveau des aimants permanents de type terre-rare intégrant la constitution de la machine électrique, et dont le cours des prix est très instable, rendant ce type de machine difficilement compatible avec le marché visé. L'objectif de cette thèse est d’investiguer les structures de machines électriques sans aimant terre-rare et dont les performances massiques peuvent rester comparables à celles des machines à aimants permanents. La première partie des travaux correspond à une vaste étude bibliographique sur les différentes technologies de machines électriques, les différentes architectures et topologies existantes, les matériaux innovants et enfin les techniques et méthode d’analyse et d’optimisation. A la fin de cette phase, il est fait le choix d’étudier les machines synchro-réluctantes à barrières de flux. L’accent est alors mis sur le design de la géométrie du rotor, mais également sur l’impact des matériaux utilisés (matériaux magnétiques classiques ou innovants) sur les performances. La seconde partie de la thèse a pour objectif de mettre en œuvre une stratégie efficace afin de dimensionner de manière optimale l’architecture de la machine choisie. Le choix est fait d’aborder le problème de manière séquentielle : en premier lieu, une optimisation de la topologie seule en s’affranchissant de l’impact de la commande ; dans un deuxième temps, une optimisation de la commande de la géométrie optimisée avec tracé des cartographies de performances ; enfin, une évaluation des différents matériaux au travers de la comparaison de ces performances. Trois configurations de machines sont dimensionnées : une machine synchro-réluctante classique à air (SyRC), une machine synchro-réluctante assistée de d’aimants permanents de type ferrites (SyRA) et enfin une machine synchro-réluctante utilisant le matériau dit « Dual Phase » (SyRDP). Celui-ci présente théoriquement la caractéristique de pourvoir changer localement ses propriétés magnétiques (passage des propriétés magnétiques d’un acier vers celles amagnétiques de l’air dans le cas limite idéal) grâce à un traitement thermique particulier, tout en conservant ses propriétés mécaniques. Cette étude permet de conclure que la machine synchro-réluctante assistée de ferrites montre les meilleures aptitudes, tant pour ce qui est de la puissance crête que du défluxage potentiel. Cependant, la machine synchro-réluctante dans cette configuration est sur le plan mécanique plus fragile que la SyRC et la SyRDP. En effet, avec l’ajout des ferrites, les ponts fer (magnétiques) permettant d’assurer l’intégrité mécanique du rotor à vitesse élevée sont d’autant plus sollicités. En phase de conception, l’optimisation électromagnétique tend à les réduire car ce sont des courts-circuits magnétiques entrainant une réduction des performances, alors que les considérations mécaniques tendent plutôt à augmenter leur épaisseur. La troisième partie de cette thèse porte sur la prise en compte des contraintes mécaniques lors du dimensionnement électromagnétique du rotor. Etant donné que la modélisation et l’optimisation électromagnétiques sont basées sur des modèles éléments finis, et afin de ne pas alourdir davantage le dimensionnement, il est décidé de mettre en place un modèle analytique des contraintes mécaniques particulièrement critiques dans les ponts magnétiques. Les équations de calcul sont inspirées de la théorie des poutres et le modèle est recalibré grâce à des simulations éléments finis. / Hybrid propulsion (electric thermal) is a relevant solution in the search for vehicles consuming less than 2 liters of fuel / 100 km. Nevertheless, this type of motorization comes up against cost levels that are too high for widespread distribution. One of the reasons for these high costs is the level of permanent magnets integrating the constitution of the electric machine. In addition, the "material cost" of these permanent magnets has soared in recent years making this type of machine difficult to match the target market. The aim of the thesis is to propose a magnetless electrical machine structure whose mass performances are comparable to those of permanent magnet machines. This increase in performance can be achieved by high rotation speeds or thermal sizing different from those usually used. The works proposed as part of this thesis will be as follows: - In-depth bibliographic analysis to propose a structure and a principle most adapted to the envisaged constraints- Proposal of a multi physical model (magnetic, thermal, mechanical) of the selected structure. - Use of the multi-physical model for optimal sizing- Follow-up of the realization of the prototype - Experimental validation of the prototype. This work will be conducted as part of a consortium integrating academics, manufacturers and automotive suppliers of the highest order.

Thesis (Nav. E.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Ocean Engineering; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 89-90). / The Non-Intrusive Load Monitor (NILM) provides a method of measuring component performance and source power quality through a single point of entry in the power distribution system. A study was performed utilizing the NILM onboard three different ships (along with experimentation in the laboratory) to determine its effectiveness in determining the state of mechanical systems through analysis of electrical power data. Data collected from the Auxiliary Seawater System onboard the USCGC SENECA indicate that the NILM is able to predict several faults (clogged pump inlet strainers, faulty motor/pump coupling, fouled heat exchangers) as well as provide a backup indication of flow levels to heat loads. Data collected from the Sewage System of the SENECA indicate several metrics which can be applied to cycling systems in general to differentiate between periods of heavy usage and fault conditions. Finally, data collected from the Steering System of the SENECA as well as a yard patrol boat operated by the Office of Naval Research shows the potential of the NILM to be used as a control system without the need for separate mechanical transducers. / by Jack S. Ramsey, Jr. / S.M. / Nav.E.

Thesis. 1977. B.S.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ENGINEERING. / Bibliography: leaf 84. / B.S.