Building portfolio management on campus and metropolitan scale involves decisions about energy retrofits, energy resource pooling, and investments in shared energy systems, such as district cooling, community PV and wind power, CHP systems, geothermal systems etc. There are currently no tools that help a portfolio/campus manager make these decisions by rapid comparison of variants. The research has developed an energy supply network management tool at the campus scale. The underlying network energy performance (NEP) model uses (1) an existing energy performance toolkit to quantify the energy performance of building energy consumers on hourly basis, and (2) added modules to calculate hourly average energy generation from a wide variety of energy supply systems. The NEP model supports macro decisions at the generation side (decisions about adding or retrofitting campus wide systems) and consumption side (planning of new building design and retrofit measures). It allows testing different supply topologies by inspecting which consumer nodes should connect to which local suppliers and to which global suppliers, i.e. the electricity and gas utility grids. A prototype software implementation allows a portfolio or campus manager to define the demand and supply nodes on campus scale and manipulate the connections between them through a graphical interface. The NEP model maintains the network topology which is represented by a directed graph with the supply and demand nodes as vertices and their connections as arcs. Every change in the graph automatically triggers an update of the energy generation and consumption pattern, the results of which are shown on campus wide energy performance dashboards. The dissertation shows how the NEP model supports decision making with respect to large-scale building energy system design with a case study of the Georgia Tech campus evaluating the following three assertions: 1. The normative calculations at the individual building scale are accurate enough to support the network energy performance analysis 2. The NEP model supports the study of the tradeoffs between local building retrofits and campus wide energy interventions in renewable systems, under different circumstances 3. The NEP approach is a viable basis for routine campus asset management policies.

The use of electricity in 21st century living has been firmly established throughout most of the world, correspondingly the infrastructure for production and delivery of electricity to consumers has matured and stabilised. However, due to recent technical and environmental–political developments, the electricity infrastructure worldwide is undergoing major restructuring. The forces driving this reorganisation are a complex interplay of technical, environmental, economic and political factors. The general trend of the reorganisation is a dis–aggregation of the previously integrated functions of generation, transmission and distribution, together with the establishment of competitive markets, primarily in generation, to replace previous regulated monopolistic utilities. To ensure reliable and cost effective electricity supply to consumers it is necessary to have an accurate picture of the expected generation in terms of the spatial and temporal distribution of prices and volumes. Previously this information was obtained by the regulated utility using technical studies such as centrally planned unit–commitment and economic–dispatch. However, in the new deregulated market environment such studies have diminished applicability and limited accuracy since generation assets are generally autonomous and subject to market forces. With generation outcomes governed by market mechanisms, to have an accurate picture of expected generation in the new electricity supply industry, it is necessary to complement traditional studies with new studies of market equilibrium and stability. Models and solution methods have been developed and refined for many markets, however they cannot be directly applied to the generation market due to the unique nature of electricity, having high inelastic demand, low storage capability and distinct transportation requirements. Intensive effort is underway to formulate solutions and models that specifically reflect the unique characteristics of the generation market. Various models have been proposed including game theory, stochastic and agent–based systems. Similarly there is a diverse range of solution methods including, Monte–Carlo simulations, linear–complimentary and quadratic programming. These approaches have varying degrees of generality, robustness and accuracy, some being better in certain aspects but weaker in others. This thesis formulates a new general model for the generation market based on the Cournot game, it makes no conjectures about producers’ behaviour and assumes that all electricity produced is immediately consumed. The new formulation characterises producers purely by their cost curves, which is only required to be piece–wise differentiable, and allows consumers’ characteristics to remain unspecified. The formulation can determine dynamic equilibrium and multiple equilibria of markets with single and multiple consumers and producers. Additionally stability concepts for the new market equilibrium is also developed to provide discrimination for dynamic equilibrium and to enable the structural stability of the market to be assessed. Solutions of the new formulation are evaluated by the use of evolutionary computation, which is a guided stochastic search paradigm that mimics the operation of biological evolution to iteratively produce a population of solutions. Evolutionary computation is employed as it is adept at finding multiple solutions for underconstrained systems, such as that of the new market formulation. Various enhancements to significantly improve the performance of the algorithms and simplify its application are developed. The concept of convergence potential of a population is introduced together with a system for the controlled extraction of such potential to accelerate the algorithm’s convergence and improve its accuracy and robustness. A new constraint handling technique for linear constraints that preserves the solution’s diversity is also presented together with a coevolutionary solution method for the multiple consumers and producers market. To illustrate the new electricity market formulation and its evolutionary computation solution methods, the equilibrium and stability of a test market with one consumer and thirteen thermal generators with valve point losses is examined. The case of a multiple consumer market is not simulated, though the formulation and solution methods for this case is included. The market solutions obtained not only confirms previous findings thus validating the new approach, but also includes new results yet to be verified by future studies. Techniques for market designers, regulators and other system planners in utilising the new market solutions are also given. In summary, the market formulation and solution method developed shows great promise in determining expected generation in a deregulated environment.

Submitted by Milena Rubi (milenarubi@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-17T14:50:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 LUZ_Thamires_2015.pdf: 4921213 bytes, checksum: 9d05f0a134378657db3994e8496ed5bf (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Milena Rubi (milenarubi@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-17T14:51:09Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 LUZ_Thamires_2015.pdf: 4921213 bytes, checksum: 9d05f0a134378657db3994e8496ed5bf (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Milena Rubi (milenarubi@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-17T14:51:18Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 LUZ_Thamires_2015.pdf: 4921213 bytes, checksum: 9d05f0a134378657db3994e8496ed5bf (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-17T14:51:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LUZ_Thamires_2015.pdf: 4921213 bytes, checksum: 9d05f0a134378657db3994e8496ed5bf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-11-19 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Electricity in Brazil is mostly generated by hydroelectric plants that depend on the volume of water in their reservoirs. Due to the fact that rainfall is decreasing, other methods with higher costs to generate energy are required. These costs are passed to users, increasing the energy bill. Futhermore, the wasting of energy and overconsumption also contribute to increase the energy bill. At the same time, the wasting of energy are not noticed by the user. To avoid such wasting, an alert could be sent as soon as an anomalous event is detected. In this way, we propose a system that sends an alert of any novelty detection in energy consumption through the analysis of the methods Sliding Window, Exponentially Weighted Moving Averages, Clustering, Average per Circle, Average per Stage, Gauss Distribution and Self-Organizing Novelty Detection. Results demonstrate that the methods evaluated are efficient in real time detection of novelties, presenting 90% of accuracy and 10% of recall, besides a low delay to send the alert. / A energia elétrica no Brasil é gerada em sua maioria pelas usinas hidrelétricas. Essas hidrelétricas dependem do volume de água dos reservatórios para a geração de energia e, devido à diminuição dos índices pluviométricos, métodos alternativos de geração com custos mais altos são necessários. Esses custos são repassados para os usuários, encarecendo a conta de energia elétrica. Além disso, podemos atribuir o aumento da conta de energia elétrica também ao consumo exagerado e ao desperdício de energia, que muitas vezes pode não ser notado devido ao aumento ser gerado por falha elétrica ou humana, como o esquecimento da porta da geladeira aberta, por exemplo. Partindo da hipótese de que cada equipamento eletrônico apresenta um padrão no consumo energético, um alerta poderia ser enviado ao usuário caso o comportamento padrão fosse alterado. Sendo assim, neste trabalho é proposto um sistema que realiza detecções nas alterações no comportamento do consumo de energia elétrica dos aparelhos eletrônicos, de forma que alertas sejam enviados para o usuário. Para detectar a alteração de comportamento do consumo de energia elétrica dos aparelhos eletrônicos foram implementados sete métodos consolidados na literatura: Janela Deslizante, Exponentially Weighted Moving Averages (EWMA), Agrupamento, Média por Ciclo, Média por Estágio, Distribuição Gaussiana e Self-Organizing Novelty Detection (SONDE). Os experimentos demonstraram que os métodos foram eficientes na detecção de novidade em tempo real apresentando taxa de detecção das alterações comportamentais acima de 90% e falso-positivo abaixo de 10%, além de um tempo médio de resposta baixo.

Energia ´e uma questãoo estratégica para a indústria, sociedade, economia e segurança nacional. A eficiência e gestão da energia estão em foco em um cenário mundial. Diversas políticas especialmente criadas para a eficiência energética (EE), procura por fontes renováveis de energia e produção mais limpa, estão se desenvolvendo. A literatura apresenta poucas informações concretas que promovam o comprometimento das organizações com tais políticas. As organizações brasileiras não estão bem apoiadas neste aspecto, o país carece de uma política nacional que promova o uso eficiente de energia. A indústria frigorífica tem poucas informações para comparar o seu desempenho energético no país e, muitas vezes, n˜ao conhecem as ações que podem tomar. Nem, por vezes, estabelecem critérios de avaliação de seu desempenho e metas de melhorias. Comparando dois frigoríficos locais, nota-se um desempenho 218,33% inferior de um em relação à outro para a produção do mesmo produto. Para isso, a gestão da EE parte da avaliação de desempenho por meio de indicadores. Neste contexto, o desenvolvimento de indicadores e identificação de tecnologias para monitoramento das condições de EE, podem habilitar tais indústrias no estabelecimento de linhas de base energética com a finalidade de comparação do seu desempenho ao longo do tempo. O trabalho, também, dedica-se a especificar um conjunto de ferramentas de análise da viabilidade econômica de um sistema de monitoramento da EE baseado nos indicadores propostos com o intuito de promover a adoção de sistemas de gestão de energia pelas indústrias. Por isso, análises de investimentos são necessárias e investimentos em sistemas de monitoramento da EE apresentam plausibilidade de retorno do investimento em frigoríficos de médio porte, quando possibilitar a geração de 5% de economia nos custos de energia elétrica. Contudo, uma boa confiabilidade em análises econômicas pode ser atingida em estudos de caso que considerem as necessidades específicas de cada instituição. E, não obstante, a simples criação de um sistema de monitoria da EE não é capaz de gerar economia, mas sim outros investimentos em benfeitorias dos processos industriais. Finalmente, este trabalho visa auxiliar as indústrias a desenvolverem seus indicadores de desempenho energético e avaliar os investimentos na criação de sistemas de gestão da EE. / Energy is a strategic issue for industry, society, economy and national security. The efficiency and power management are in focus on a world stage. Several policies specially designed for energy efficiency, demand for renewable energy and cleaner production are in development. The literature shows little concrete information to promote commitment of organizations with such policies. Brazilian organizations are not well supported in this aspect, the country lacks a national policy that promotes efficient energy use. The chicken slaughterhouse industry has few information to compare its energy performance with others and often do not know the actions they can take. Nor they establish criteria for evaluating their performance and improvement goals. Comparing two local industries, shows performance 218.33% lower of one to the other for processing the same product. For that, the management of energy efficiency (EE) starts in performance evaluation through indicators. In this context, the development of these indicators and identification of technologies for monitoring EE conditions may enable these industries to establish energy baselines to compare its performance over time. The work also dedicates to specify a set of economic feasibility analysis tools of an EE monitoring system based on the proposed indicators in order to promote the adoption of energy management systems (EMS) by industries. Thus, investment analysis are required and EMS in medium slaughterhouse industries shows plausible investment return when generation of 5% savings in electricity costs are possible. However, good reliability in economic analysis of an EMS can be reached in case studies that consider the specific needs of each institution. And yet, the mere creation of an EE monitoring system is unable to generate savings, but other investments in improvements of industrial processes can. Finally, this paper aims to help industries develop their energy performance indicators and evaluating investments in the creation of EMS.

CAPES / Um sistema monitor de consumo de energia elétrica para setores internos de unidades consumidoras foi desenvolvido para um projeto de P&D (Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento) ANEEL (Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica). O sistema utiliza Redes de Sensores sem Fios (RSSF) alocadas em pontos estratégicos da rede de energia elétrica e conectadas por radioenlace a um banco de dados remoto. Os sensores fornecem dados que são registrados e posteriormente acessados por um aplicativo que apresenta informativos ao usuários por meio de alertas, relatórios e interfaces gráficas. As RSSF são empregadas em sistemas de aquisição de sinais de múltiplos sensores dispersos em grandes áreas, em redes escalonáveis quanto ao número de dispositivos e flexíveis quanto a topologias, que podem ser formadas automaticamente em função das melhores rotas ou das rotas disponíveis em um dado momento. As RSSF também têm sido úteis em sistemas relacionados ao conceito da Smart Grid, oferecendo uma ferramenta “inteligente”, que permite integrar informações colhidas a partir de cargas elétricas nas unidades consumidoras ao sistema de geração e distribuição de energia, com o objetivo de melhorar o desempenho do sistema nos picos de demanda. Apesar da disponibilidade tecnológicas, dispositivos comerciais ainda são escassos no mercado, resultando em custos finais elevados para sistemas de monitoramento de consumo. Assim, para preencher esta lacuna foi desenvolvida uma configuração de infraestrutura de baixo custo, com módulos sensores interligados por barramentos I2C com uma memória compartilhada, formando um cluster que é ligado em RSSF capaz de formar redes em malha por meio do protocolo Miwi P2P (Peer to Peer). Como múltiplos sensores ocupam uma única antena para enviar dados, os custos são minimizados. Outro diferencial do método é dar acesso a sensores concentrados dentro de armários e gabinetes metálicos, que de outra forma não poderiam ser conectados em uma RSSF. / An electric power consumption monitoring system for indoor sectors of costumers was developed to an ANEELR&D project. The system uses wireless sensor networks (WSN) placed at strategic points of the power grid and connected by radio link to a remote database. The sensor provide data, that are recorded and later accessed by a software presenting information to end users through alerts, reports and graphical interfaces. The WSN systems are used to acquire signals from multiple sensors scattered over large areas, with number of devices scalable in networks and flexible topologies, which can be formed automatically choosing the best routes or available routes. The WSNs have been useful in systems related with smart grid, offering a "smart" tool that allows collect information from electric loads in consumer units to the system of generation and distribution of energy, with the aim of improving system performance at peak demand by an electric utility. Despite the availability of technological, commercial devices are still scarce in the Brazilian market, resulting in high costs for final consumption monitoring systems. Therefore, to fill a gap a new configuration was developed presenting an infrastructure affordably with sensor modules connected by I2C bus with a shared memory forming clusters that are connected in WSN but can work in mesh networks through miwi P2P (Peer to Peer) protocol. With multiple sensors sharing a single antenna to send data, costs are reduced. Another exclusive feature of this method is to give access to sensors inside of cabinets and enclosures, which otherwise would not connected to a WSN.

Este documento mostra uma interpretação do comportamento do consumo de energia elétrica baseada nos dados numéricos que foram coletados com o uso de contadores de Ah em 38 instalações fotovoltaicas domiciliares. A pesquisa envolveu igual número de famílias de 10 comunidades rurais com diferentes características sócioculturais localizadas nos Estados de São Paulo, Pernambuco e Amazonas, no Brasil, e adicionalmente na região Puno, no Peru. Também se discute diversas questões acerca do consumo de energia elétrica em sistemas fotovoltaicos domiciliares e sua relação com o desenvolvimento socioeconômico. O objetivo principal é propor um procedimento para dimensionar esses sistemas que inclua os múltiplos fatores que foram identificados e que exercem forte influência no comportamento do consumo. Estes foram denominados fatores técnicos, gerenciais, psicológicos, geográficos, demográficos, socioculturais e econômicos. O procedimento proposto leva em conta a constatação resultante da análise estatística dos dados por meio da qual a função de distribuição Gama é a que melhor caracteriza o comportamento desse consumo. Em sua essência, esta função indica que “muitas pessoas consomem pouco e poucas pessoas consomem muito”. / This document shows an interpretation of the behavior of the electric energy consumption based on the numerical data collected with the use of Ah meter in 38 solar home systems. The research involved an equal number of families of 10 rural communities with different sociocultural characteristics located in the Brazilian States of São Paulo, Pernambuco and Amazonas, and additionally in the Puno region, in Peru. It also raises several points concerning the electric energy consumption in SHS´s and its relationship with the socioeconomic development. The main objective is to suggest a procedure for the sizing of SHS´s that includes the several factors that were identified and that exert strong influence in the behavior of the consumption. These were called technical, administrative, psychological, geographical, demographical, sociocultural and economic factors. This procedure takes into account the evidence resultant of the statistic analysis of the data by means of which the Gamma distribution function is the one which better characterizes the behavior of this consumption. Essentially, this function indicates that “many people consume little and few people consume much”.

Orientador: Luiz Antonio Rossi / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agricola / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T11:56:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 David_Eduardo_M.pdf: 1175086 bytes, checksum: 3f08279095436e03df811b92ca2a1202 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: No cultivo de crisântemos em ambientes protegidos, o tipo de iluminação artificial usada atualmente para propósito de indução do efeito de fotoperíodo determina o crescimento e desenvolvimento destas plantas cultivadas, bem como o consumo de energia elétrica utilizada no processo de produção. A tecnologia de iluminação artificial mais utilizado pelos produtores de mudas de crisântemos para efeito de indução de fotoperíodo é a de filamento incandescente. Atualmente, procura-se testar novas tecnologias de iluminação artificial visando principalmente à redução do consumo de energia elétrica. A aplicação da tecnologia de iluminação do tipo descarga (vapor de sódio, vapor de mercúrio, fluorescentes tubulares e fluorescentes compactas integradas), diferente da do tipo filamento, no cultivo de crisântemos em ambiente protegido foi o objetivo deste trabalho de pesquisa. Este trabalho foi realizado em uma casa de vegetação comercial com cinco variedades (Papiro, Lindy White, Mona Lisa Rose, Euro Speedy e Stateman), em dois períodos, verão e inverno. Os parâmetros utilizados para a comparação entre as variedades cultivadas foram a produtividade por área, o peso de matéria fresca, a presença de botão floral e a porcentagem de umidade. Para as diferentes tecnologias de iluminação e tipos de lâmpadas analisadas, os parâmetros de avaliação foram as variáveis elétricas (consumo, demanda e fator de potência) e índice de eficiência energética dos tratamentos. Ocorreram diferenças entre as variedades cultivadas com relação ao peso e a porcentagem de umidade. A produtividade por área foi maior com a utilização das tecnologias de descarga em comparação à tecnologia de filamento, não importando a variedade produzida. A menor presença de botão floral foi obtida com a utilização das tecnologias de descarga com exceção da variedade Stateman produzida com a tecnologia Incandescente de 100W no lote de inverno. A única exceção na tecnologia de descarga foi com a lâmpada de descarga Fluorescente Compacta Integrada de 23W Branca, que, no lote de verão, apresentou 2,5% de presença de botão floral contra 0% das outras lâmpadas, na produção da variedade Euro speedy. Verificou-se, através de resultados obtidos, que a lâmpada de descarga Fluorescente Compacta Integrada de 23W Amarela apresentou a menor demanda máxima e uma redução média de consumo de energia da ordem de 75,51% em relação à tecnologia de maior consumo, a Incandescente de 100W que é a atualmente utilizada pelo produtor. Palavras-chave: iluminação artificial, crisântemo, uso racional de energia elétrica / Abstract: The type of artificial illumination employed for chrysanthemum cultivation in greenhouses to induce photoperiod effect will determine its growing rate as well as the energy consumption. Incandescent filament is currently employed for artificial illumination in chrysanthemum nursery to induce photoperiod effect. Nowadays new illumination technology is being tested aiming energy consumption reduction. The application of illumination based on electrical discharge in sodium or mercury vapor, as well as tubular or integrated compact fluorescent bulbs in chrysanthemum cultivation is identified as the objective of this research work. The experimental part of this work was carried out in a commercial greenhouse model employing five chrysanthemum variety as Papiro, Lindy White, Mona Lisa Rose, Euro Speedy and Stateman during winter and summer period. Parameters employed to the study variety behavior included: production per area, fresh matter weight, presence of flower sprouts and moisture content. The parameters known as electrical variables, like consumption, demand and power factor, together with the treatment energy efficiency index were used to analyze the employed illumination technologies and light bulbs type. Results showed differences between weight of fresh flowers and moisture content for the flowers variety under consideration. Productivity per unit area was noticed to be larger for discharge technology when compared with filament bulbs, for both varieties being tested. The lowest flower sprout occurrence was associated to the discharge technology with the exception of the variety Stateman produced with incandescent bulbs of 100 W in the winter plot. The unique exception related to discharge technology was associated to the White 23W Integrated Compact Fluorescent bulb yielding 2.4% of flower sprouts compared with 0% of other bulb types associated to the production of the variety Euro Speedy. It was noticed from the results that the yellow integrated compact fluorescent bulbs (23W) exhibited lower maximum demand as well as an average energy consumption of 75.51% when compared to incandescent filament bulb type (100W) which is currently employed by the chrysanthemum growers. Keywords: artificial illumination, chrysanthemum, electric power rational use / Mestrado / Construções Rurais e Ambiencia / Mestre em Engenharia Agrícola

M.Sc. / This study compares the electricity consumption of two buildings, of similar architectural design, in Simba Office Park, Sandton, in Johannesburg. One of the buildings (Block AB) has not been retrofitted for energy efficiency, whilst the other building (Block C) is a retrofitted building. The hypothesis postulates that the retrofitted building would use less energy than the non-retrofitted one. The research methodology employed has been used internationally, as in the case reported by Levine et al. (1996), who did a study in the United States of America on retrofitting for achieving energy efficiency. Dong et al. (2005) investigated the energy savings due to the retrofitting of old Singaporean commercial office buildings. In this case, six buildings were compared before and after retrofitting, using utility bill and weather data. There have also been similar studies in China (Xu et al, 2006) and Budapest (Urge-Vorsatz & Novikova, 2008). The Budapest study also unpacked the cost of retrofitting. Using methods advocated by Probst (2004), Yalcintas (2008) and Yalcintas & Kaya (2009) for collecting data on floor space, building parameters and design, this study also collected electricity consumption data based on meter readings for the same blocks over the period March 2009 to April 2010. The retrofitting measures were documented and the associated costs noted. Interviews were conducted with key personnel such as the Central Energy Fund (CEF) House executives, the site electrical engineer, the developer, and Simba Office Park managers. Block AB had the least number of energy-efficient installations. Block C was found to be fully retrofitted, at a cost of more than R4 million. However, the energy management system, required to manage and monitor energy use, was only fully installed by November 2009. The results of this study are significant. It was found that energy consumption for Block C far exceeded that for Block AB. Thus, in this case, retrofitting did not reduce electricity consumption. The results demonstrate that in order to fully understand energy use, data collection and analysis must be ongoing. This verifies the findings of Ali (2008), Armstrong (2009) and Yalcintas & Kaya (2009) who found that we need to shift from managing buildings to managing energy use and assess and verify any recorded savings to ensure energy conservation. Computer-based building management systems play a major role in such management. Such a system was only partially in use in Block C for the duration of the study period. Thus, another finding was that the energy management system needs to be fully operational in real time, or else energy efficiencies cannot be achieved and data sets will be incomplete. This conclusion reflects the findings of Hirst (1980).

This pilot study consists of two parts. The first part investigates the extent to which the domestic electricity consumers intend to use and use energy efficiently using the Theory of Planned Behaviour. The second part investigates the extent to which the Energy @ Home educational intervention changed the domestic electricity consumers’ behaviour. For the first part of the study an advertisement was published and a convenience stratified sample of 61 domestic electricity consumers were selected from the 290 respondents. Data was collected from the domestic electricity consumers via a questionnaire and a telephone response log. The co-relational research design was used to investigate the relationship between the predictor variables the independent variables in the constructs of the Theory of Planned Behaviour. Simple linear regression analysis resulted in F statistic for the predicted behavioural intention was 29.74 with a p value less than 0.0001 which indicates significant statistical evidence of a linear relation between the predictor variables and the independent variables. The r2 of 0.87 implies that data points that fall closely along the best fit line. Therefore the predictor variables were good predictors of the response variable. All the participants that intended to use electricity efficiently confirmed via the telephone that they were using electricity efficiently. In the second part of the study 11 out of the 61 participants were chosen to participate in the Energy @ Home educational intervention and television program. Data was collected via the Energy audit log and the electricity consumption log. The participants intended to save between 2% and 35% of their electricity consumption and the actual electricity consumption savings were between 2% and 30%. / Science and Technology Education / M. Sc. (Mathematics, Physics & Technology Education (Physics Education))

This pilot study consists of two parts. The first part investigates the extent to which the domestic electricity consumers intend to use and use energy efficiently using the Theory of Planned Behaviour. The second part investigates the extent to which the Energy @ Home educational intervention changed the domestic electricity consumers’ behaviour. For the first part of the study an advertisement was published and a convenience stratified sample of 61 domestic electricity consumers were selected from the 290 respondents. Data was collected from the domestic electricity consumers via a questionnaire and a telephone response log. The co-relational research design was used to investigate the relationship between the predictor variables the independent variables in the constructs of the Theory of Planned Behaviour. Simple linear regression analysis resulted in F statistic for the predicted behavioural intention was 29.74 with a p value less than 0.0001 which indicates significant statistical evidence of a linear relation between the predictor variables and the independent variables. The r2 of 0.87 implies that data points that fall closely along the best fit line. Therefore the predictor variables were good predictors of the response variable. All the participants that intended to use electricity efficiently confirmed via the telephone that they were using electricity efficiently. In the second part of the study 11 out of the 61 participants were chosen to participate in the Energy @ Home educational intervention and television program. Data was collected via the Energy audit log and the electricity consumption log. The participants intended to save between 2% and 35% of their electricity consumption and the actual electricity consumption savings were between 2% and 30%. / Science and Technology Education / M. Sc. (Mathematics, Physics & Technology Education (Physics Education))