Water and electricity are fundamentally linked. Policy reforms in both industries, however, do not appear to acknowledge the links nor consider their wider implications. This is clearly unhelpful, particularly as policy makers attempt to develop effective responses to water and energy issues, underpinned by prevailing drought conditions and impending climate change. Against this backdrop, this research has comprehensively analysed the links between water and electricity – termed water-energy nexus – in the context of New South Wales. For this purpose, this research has developed an integrated methodological framework. The philosophical guidance for the development of this framework is provided by Integral Theory, and its analytical foundations rest on a suite of research methods including historical analysis, inputoutput analysis, analysis of price elasticities, and long-term scenario analysis. This research suggests that the historical and inextricable links between water and electricity, in the absence of integrated policies, has given rise to water-energy trade-offs. In the electricity industry, water-intensive coal-fired power stations that dominate base-load capacity in the National Electricity Market has resulted in intra- and inter-jurisdictional water sharing tradeoffs. Intermediate and peak demand technologies, suchas gas-fired, cogeneration and renewables, however, would significantly reduce the industry’s water consumption and carbon emissions. Drought and climate change adaptation responses in the water industry are likely to further increase electricity demand andpotentially contribute to climate change, due to policies that encourage investment in energy-intensive technologies, such as desalination, advanced wastewater treatment and rainwater tanks. Increasing electricity costs due to water shortages and the introduction of emissions trading will futher increase water and electricity prices for end users. Demand management strategies in both industries will assist in curbing price increases, however, their effectiveness is lessened by investment in water- and energy-intensive technologies in both industries. The analysis also demonstrates that strategies to reduce water and electricity consumption of ‘other’ production sectors in New South Wales is overwhelmingly dependent on how deeply a particular sector is embedded in the economy, in terms of its contribution to economic output, income generation and employment growth. Regulation, demand management programs, and water pricing policies, for example, that reduce the water and energy intensity of agriculture and key manufacturing sectors are likely to benefit the wider economy and the Environment. The future implications of the water-energy nexus are examined through long-term scenario analysis for New South Wales for 2031. The analysis demonstrates how policy decisions shape the domain for making philosophical choices by society - in terms of the balance between relying on alternative technologies and market arrangements, with differing implications for water and electricity use, and for instigating behavioural change. Based on these findings, this research puts forward a range of recommendations, essentially arguing for reorienting existing institutional arrangements, government measures and industry activities in a way that would encourage integration between the water and energy policies. Although the context of this research is New South Wales, the findings are equally relevant for other Australian states, which share the same national water and energy policy frameworks. Further, the concepts and frameworks developed in this research are also of value to other countries and regions that are faced with the task of designing appropriate policy responses to redress their water and energy challenges.

Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Western Sydney, 2004. / "A thesis presented to the University of Western Sydney, in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy" Bibliography : leaves 273-285.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Western Australia, 2003.

Thesis (Ph.D.) - Carleton University, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 180-182). Also available in electronic format on the Internet.

Thesis (M.S.)--Brigham Young University. Dept. of Computer Science, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 127-129).

Thesis (MTech (Industrial Design))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2009 / Demand Side Management (DSM) within a South African context requires a transdisciplinary approach to comprehend electricity consumption. Current research suggests a technical determinism, whereby design teams fail to acknowledged social factors and cultural influences when conceptualising DSM artefacts. The result of which, is that artefacts fail to be adopted by the market, and consumer behaviour and electricity consumption remains unchanged. The thesis aims to demonstrate the hypothesis, that semiotics and ethnology may affect sustainable residential electricity management in South Africa. The ubiquitous literature on electricity management is administered by means of the theoretical lens, Sociotechnical Theory. Mixed method instrument obtain fieldwork data from three of the eleven official South African languages: Afrikaans, English and IsiXhosa.

Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo efetuar uma investigação acerca da eficiência energética nas indústrias, com foco na identificação dos potenciais de conservação de energia e possíveis barreiras para se implantar um sistema de gestão de energia, tendo como principais motivações o lançamento do Plano Nacional de Eficiência Energética (PNEf), que prevê uma grande economia de energia para os próximos anos, e da norma ABNT NBR ISO 50001- Sistema de gestão de energia. Num primeiro instante, fez-se um estudo dos principais métodos de gestão e eficiência energética que estão sendo empregados nas indústrias. Após o desenvolvimento de estudos preliminares, realizou-se uma auditoria energética em um frigorífico de abate de aves situado na região Sudoeste do Paraná. Nesta auditoria foram estabelecidos os centros de maior consumo, as linhas de base dos principais insumos energéticos e potenciais de conservação de energia dos principais módulos temáticos. Verificou-se que o sistema de refrigeração representa aproximadamente 81% do consumo de energia elétrica da planta e que do total de 11 módulos temáticos existentes, três deles representam aproximadamente 97% do consumo de energia elétrica da planta, sendo motores, sistema de refrigeração e sistema de ar comprimido. Constatou-se também, com uma análise econômica de perdas, que há potenciais de conservação de energia, principalmente em motores. Por fim, identificaram-se as principais barreiras para se implantar um sistema de gestão de energia em uma planta, principalmente no que se refere à elaboração de linhas de base e indicadores de desempenho energético. Tais barreiras demonstram uma falsa expectativa do PNEf para alcançar as atuais metas se não houver maior impacto dos progressos induzidos (por políticas públicas). / This research has an objective to investigate the electrical power efficiency in industries, aiming to identify potential energy saving and possible barriers to deploy an energy management system, having as one of its priorities the main motivations to the release of a National Plan of Electrical Efficiency (NPEE), in which forecast a great power saving for the following years and the norm ABNT NBR ISO 50001-Energy management system. At a first moment, a study was made about the main methods of electrical efficiency management, in which are being introduced in industries. After the development of preliminary studies, an electrical audit was carried out in a poultry slaughter cooler on the southwest region of Paraná. On the audit were established the centers of greater consumption and the baselines of the main energetic imputs and potential ways of electrical energy saving from the main thematic modules.It has been verified that the cooling system represents approximately 81% of electrical energy consumption of the plant and of the total of eleven modules; three of them represent approximately 97% of the power consumption of the entire plant, as engines, cooling system and compressed air system. It has been also found out, with an economic analysis of losses, there are potentials means of power saving, especially when it comes to engines. At last, was identified the main barriers to deploy an energy management system in a plant, mainly as regards the elaboration of baselines and indicators of electrical performance. These barriers have shown a fake expectation of the NPEE to reach the present goals if there's no impact on the progresses prompted (by public politics.)

Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo efetuar uma investigação acerca da eficiência energética nas indústrias, com foco na identificação dos potenciais de conservação de energia e possíveis barreiras para se implantar um sistema de gestão de energia, tendo como principais motivações o lançamento do Plano Nacional de Eficiência Energética (PNEf), que prevê uma grande economia de energia para os próximos anos, e da norma ABNT NBR ISO 50001- Sistema de gestão de energia. Num primeiro instante, fez-se um estudo dos principais métodos de gestão e eficiência energética que estão sendo empregados nas indústrias. Após o desenvolvimento de estudos preliminares, realizou-se uma auditoria energética em um frigorífico de abate de aves situado na região Sudoeste do Paraná. Nesta auditoria foram estabelecidos os centros de maior consumo, as linhas de base dos principais insumos energéticos e potenciais de conservação de energia dos principais módulos temáticos. Verificou-se que o sistema de refrigeração representa aproximadamente 81% do consumo de energia elétrica da planta e que do total de 11 módulos temáticos existentes, três deles representam aproximadamente 97% do consumo de energia elétrica da planta, sendo motores, sistema de refrigeração e sistema de ar comprimido. Constatou-se também, com uma análise econômica de perdas, que há potenciais de conservação de energia, principalmente em motores. Por fim, identificaram-se as principais barreiras para se implantar um sistema de gestão de energia em uma planta, principalmente no que se refere à elaboração de linhas de base e indicadores de desempenho energético. Tais barreiras demonstram uma falsa expectativa do PNEf para alcançar as atuais metas se não houver maior impacto dos progressos induzidos (por políticas públicas). / This research has an objective to investigate the electrical power efficiency in industries, aiming to identify potential energy saving and possible barriers to deploy an energy management system, having as one of its priorities the main motivations to the release of a National Plan of Electrical Efficiency (NPEE), in which forecast a great power saving for the following years and the norm ABNT NBR ISO 50001-Energy management system. At a first moment, a study was made about the main methods of electrical efficiency management, in which are being introduced in industries. After the development of preliminary studies, an electrical audit was carried out in a poultry slaughter cooler on the southwest region of Paraná. On the audit were established the centers of greater consumption and the baselines of the main energetic imputs and potential ways of electrical energy saving from the main thematic modules.It has been verified that the cooling system represents approximately 81% of electrical energy consumption of the plant and of the total of eleven modules; three of them represent approximately 97% of the power consumption of the entire plant, as engines, cooling system and compressed air system. It has been also found out, with an economic analysis of losses, there are potentials means of power saving, especially when it comes to engines. At last, was identified the main barriers to deploy an energy management system in a plant, mainly as regards the elaboration of baselines and indicators of electrical performance. These barriers have shown a fake expectation of the NPEE to reach the present goals if there's no impact on the progresses prompted (by public politics.)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-01-16Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T21:00:27Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000755220.pdf: 14142750 bytes, checksum: 102189dd2a552dfabaaa76b366358524 (MD5) / A eficiência energética aos poucos vai ganhando espaço nas indústrias, em função da redução dos custos de produção, pela política de sustentabilidade e de preocupação ambiental empregada atualmente. As indústrias de bebidas, como a que o trabalho foi implantado, utilizam muito o sistema de refrigeração e o de ar comprimido. Praticamente 50% do consumo destas fábricas são em função destas utilidades. O objetivo desta dissertação foi desenvolver uma metodologia para ser usada como ferramenta na identificação de oportunidades de redução do consumo de energia em sistemas de refrigeração e ar comprimido. A metodologia desenvolvida foi baseada em conceitos de refrigeração e ar comprimido e, em alguns estudos de casos de eficiência energética implantados em algumas unidades fabris. Este trabalho mostra como esta metodologia foi criada para melhorar a eficiência energética de sistemas de refrigeração e de ar comprimido. Posteriormente esta metodologia foi utilizada em outras unidades desta mesma indústria para reduzir o consumo de energia elétrica. Inicialmente há uma breve descrição dos principais componentes destes sistemas e de conceitos que ajudam na melhoria da eficiência deles. Por fim, são apresentadas algumas boas práticas e projetos implementados que ajudaram na criação da ferramenta ou foram implementados a partir do uso dela. Os resultados do trabalho mostram a ferramenta pronta para ser usada e uma redução do consumo de energia elétrica de mais de 37 GWh/ano, que significam mais de R$ 6.000.000,00 por ano. A principal conclusão desta dissertação é que a metodologia foi criada e, independente do tipo de configuração destes dois sistemas, é possível utilizá-la para melhorá-los / Energy efficiency is slowly gaining ground in the industry, especially due to the cost reduction in the production process its present, also to the sustainability policy and environmental concern employed nowadays. Beverage industries use cooling system and compressed air system a lot. Almost 50% of the electricity consumption in these plants refers to those utilities. The objective of this dissertation was to develop a methodology that can be used as a tool for identifying opportunities to reduce energy consumption in those cooling and compressed air systems. The methodology was based on concepts of cooling and compressed air, and also in some case studies in which energy efficiency was implemented in beverage plants. This dissertation shows how this methodology was created to improve the energy efficiency in cooling and air compressed systems. Later this methodology was used in other plants of the same company in which the case study was done to reduce electricity consumption. The study starts with a short description of the main components of these systems and concepts that help to improve their efficiency. And concludes with some good practices operation and projects implemented, which helped to develop the tool or have been implemented using it. The outcome shows that the tool is ready for use and that there is an important reduction in electricity consumption, amount to more than 37 GWh / year, which means more than R$ 6,000,000.00 a year. The main conclusion of this dissertation is that methodology was developed and it is possible to use the methodology to improve the cooling and air compressed systems, apart from the configuration and automation of the equipments in the plant

Orientadores: Gilberto De Martino Jannuzzi, Elizabeth Ferreira Cartaxo / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-12T11:39:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_VladimirFreitasPaixaoe_M.pdf: 2710715 bytes, checksum: bbdac7d8cccb290379966ac18bb1f00d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: Esta dissertação tem como objetivo avaliar os impactos da redução do consumo de energia elétrica em Manaus através de medidas de eficiência energética em climatização residencial. A escolha da correta orientação geográfica, a pintura das paredes e dos telhados com cores claras, a inclusão de isolamento térmico EPS (Isopor) no forro, a inclusão de isolamento reflexivo por baixo do telhado e a abertura de áticos, foram medidas de eficiência energética aplicadas na residência do estudo de caso para avaliar a redução das cargas térmicas dos seus respectivos recintos internos (quartos). Outra medida de eficiência energética utilizada foi a substituição de condicionadores de ar do tipo janela de baixa eficiência por equipamentos de alta eficiência. As estimativas das cargas térmicas resultantes das aplicações das medidas de eficiência energética foram obtidas por meio da utilização do software CARRIER E20-II, HAP, v4.33., cuja licença de uso é encontrada à venda no mercado nacional. Definidas as cargas térmicas dos quartos, foram especificados os condicionadores de ar do tipo janela que seriam usados na climatização desses ambientes. O emprego combinado dessas medidas de eficiência energética permitiu que fossem quantificadas as respectivas economias de consumos e de redução de demanda de energia elétrica e seus efetivos impactos sobre o Sistema Manaus. / Abstract: This thesis aims to assess the impacts of electricity consumption reduction in Manaus through energy efficiency measures applied in home climatization. The choice of correct geographical orientation, walls and roofs painting with clear colors, the inclusion of thermal insulation EPS (Styrofoam) in the lining, the inclusion of reflective insulation under the roof, attic opening and closing, are energy efficiency measures applied in the case study residence to reduce the thermal loads on their respectives rooms. Another efficiency measure used was the replacement of low efficiency window air-conditioners for high-efficiency ones. The resulting thermal loads from the application of these measures were obtained through the use of software CARRIER E20-II, HAP, v4.33., whose using license is found for sale on the domestic market. Defined the rooms thermal loads, the cooling capacities of the window air-conditioners were specified to be used in the cooling of these environments. The combined employment of these energy efficiency measures has allowed quantify their electric energy consumption economies and demand reductions and its impacts on the Manaus System. / Mestrado / Planejamento de Sistemas Energeticos / Mestre em Planejamento de Sistemas Energéticos