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This thesis describes the detailed modelling procedures for d-q axis representation of multi-machine electromechanical systems. It proposes two methods of connecting electrical machine models which have been formulated in various reference frames, to transmission network models. Investigation of these two methods was accomplished, and the effectiveness and merits of each are fully discussed. Conclusions are drawn which form the bases for recommendation of a connection method for developing a generalised multi-machine power system model. In addition two computer programs are written to provide means of simulating both large and limited capacity power systems on personal computers.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:35:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-08-11Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:05:49Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 almeida_jlcn_dr_guara.pdf: 2749824 bytes, checksum: 914ada61e3a445e7cda7ed446f711961 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / As máquinas síncronas de ímãs permanentes têm a vantagem de não consumir energia para a criação do campo magnético no rotor. O propósito específico desta Tese é o projeto, a construção e a avaliação de uma máquina com grande número de polos, de enrolamentos concentrados, com ímãs permanentes inseridos no interior do rotor, com duas formas geométricas diferentes: um com ímãs alinhados e a outra com ímãs inclinados axialmente. As justificativas para este estudo foram a possibilidade de eliminação de multiplicadores mecânicos de velocidade e sistemas auxiliares de excitação em centrais geradoras de energia. O projeto usou um motor de indução trifásico com rotor gaiola de esquilo de 250W de 12 polos. Partindo dos próprios dados construtivos do estator, calculou-se a densidade de fluxo magnético, especificando os ímãs permanentes de neodímio. No desenvolvimento foi construído um novo rotor modular e simples. Posteriormente, a máquina foi avaliada em laboratório com o objetivo de verificar a quantidade e a qualidade da energia com a máquina atuando como gerador. Por último, os resultados encontrados na avaliação da máquina funcionando como gerador com ímãs alinhados revelaram distorção harmônica total (DHT) 16%, capacidade de geração 475W a 221V – 60Hz e como aspecto desfavorável o alto torque de travamento. Com ímãs inclinados, DHT de 7 a 8%, capacidade de geração de 236W a 195V – 60Hz e baixo torque de travamento. Este trabalho mostra que os ímãs inclinados modularmente são uma opção de máquinas elétricas com satisfatório desempenho da máquina como gerador de energia com razoável qualidade no contexto de geração distribuída de pequena potência. Além das condições técnicas têm-se o baixo custo e a manutenção reduzida do gerador com ímãs inclinados em relação aos geradores síncronos convencionais / Synchronous machines of permanent magnets present the advantage of no power consumption for the creation of the magnetic field in the rotor. The specific purpose of this thesis is the project, its construction and the evaluation of a multi-pole of concentrated coils with permanent magnets inserted in the rotor by two different geometrical forms: aligned and skewed magnets. The vindications for this study were the possibility of eliminating both the mechanical speed reducers and the excitation energy systems in electrical powerplants. The project used a three-phase induction motor (squirrel cage rotor type) of 250W and 12 poles. Starting from the original stator constructive data, we proceeded the calculi of the magnetic flux density to determine the remanent flux of the neodymium permanent magnets. In the development of the work, a new simple and modular rotor was constructed. Subsequently, the machine was evaluated in a laboratory with the purpose of checking the quantity and quality of energy produced operating as a generator. The results obtained in the evaluation of the motor operating as a generator equipped with aligned magnets were 16% of total harmonic distortion (THD), with a generating capacity of 475W at 221V – 60 Hz, though with an adverse aspect of needing a high inertial torque (cogging torque). The machine working with skewed magnets produced 7 and 8% of total harmonic distortion (THD), with a generating capacity of 236W at 195V – 60 Hz and a low cogging torque. This work demonstrated that the modular skewed magnet is an option of electrical machines presenting satisfactory performance as a generator with a reasonable quality in the context of small distributed power generation. Besides the technical conditions, it should also be considered the low cost and reduced maintenance of skewed magnets in relation to the conventional synchronous generators

Electrical machines form part of our everyday life at home and in industry plants. Currently induction machines are the backbone of the industry machine installation as these are robust, reliable and have relatively high efficiency. However as the price of energy increases and stricter efficiency regulations are put into place there is a need for more efficient electrical machines. The majority of induction machines on Sasol's plants are between 2.2 kW and 22 kW. Of these, 95% machines are connected to pump loads and 2% to fan loads. Thus the majority of the machines operate at a constant speed. Rather than try to improve an induction machine, this project proposes the design for a more efficient LS PMSM that can also be used in the same applications as mentioned above. Although LS PMSMs aren’t a new concept, the demand and industry interest in this technology has increased in recent years. Since 2000 the number of research publications with regards to this machine has increased significantly. The goal of this project is to gain a better understanding of these machines by designing a prototype. The design entitles the stator and rotor. As Sasol provided the funding for the project it was decided to design a three phase, 7.5 kW 525V, four-pole machine. During the design phase several design techniques done by other researchers were incorporated into the prototypes. The design is done with the aid of two FEM software packages namely FEMM and ANSYS Maxwell® and verified against calculated values. The final prototype is tested and compared to the predicted values determined during the design. An industry available LS PMSM from Weg, the WQuattro is also used to compare the results of the prototype. The prototype machine’s no-load, full load and locked rotor behaviour is tested as well as the back-emf waveform. From the results gained the machine is validated. The machine did not perform as predicted and further investigation into the reason is needed. Due to the incorrect wiring of the stator and some other rotor manufacturing issues the prototype cannot be fully validated. However it was found that several of the designed values correlated to the measured values. Further investigation into the under performances as well as more relevant testing and practical manufacturing method is needed. / MIng (Electrical and Electronic Engineering), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

Electrical machines form part of our everyday life at home and in industry plants. Currently induction machines are the backbone of the industry machine installation as these are robust, reliable and have relatively high efficiency. However as the price of energy increases and stricter efficiency regulations are put into place there is a need for more efficient electrical machines. The majority of induction machines on Sasol's plants are between 2.2 kW and 22 kW. Of these, 95% machines are connected to pump loads and 2% to fan loads. Thus the majority of the machines operate at a constant speed. Rather than try to improve an induction machine, this project proposes the design for a more efficient LS PMSM that can also be used in the same applications as mentioned above. Although LS PMSMs aren’t a new concept, the demand and industry interest in this technology has increased in recent years. Since 2000 the number of research publications with regards to this machine has increased significantly. The goal of this project is to gain a better understanding of these machines by designing a prototype. The design entitles the stator and rotor. As Sasol provided the funding for the project it was decided to design a three phase, 7.5 kW 525V, four-pole machine. During the design phase several design techniques done by other researchers were incorporated into the prototypes. The design is done with the aid of two FEM software packages namely FEMM and ANSYS Maxwell® and verified against calculated values. The final prototype is tested and compared to the predicted values determined during the design. An industry available LS PMSM from Weg, the WQuattro is also used to compare the results of the prototype. The prototype machine’s no-load, full load and locked rotor behaviour is tested as well as the back-emf waveform. From the results gained the machine is validated. The machine did not perform as predicted and further investigation into the reason is needed. Due to the incorrect wiring of the stator and some other rotor manufacturing issues the prototype cannot be fully validated. However it was found that several of the designed values correlated to the measured values. Further investigation into the under performances as well as more relevant testing and practical manufacturing method is needed. / MIng (Electrical and Electronic Engineering), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

L’objectif de cette thèse est d’étudier des machines électriques à aimants permanents polyphasées et leur commande pouvant fonctionner en modes dégradés sur une large plage de vitesse dans le cadre d’une application de génération d’énergie hydrolienne. Ceci se justifie par le fait que, pour les applications liées à l’extraction d’énergie marine, les installations ne sont pas facilement accessibles pour des opérations de maintenance. Ainsi, des stratégies de commande ont été élaborées, pour des MSAP pentaphasées et à 2X3 phases, en mode sain et en modes dégradés, sur une large plage de vitesse avec un mode de défluxage. Une étude comparative a été faite sur le comportement en vitesse variable, en mode sain et en modes dégradés d’un certain nombre de MSAP à bobinage concentré autour des dents. Cette étude s’appuie sur un modèle analytique, qui estime à partir d’un cahier des charges et de la combinaison encoche/pôle, les inductances et les Forces électromotrices. Cet outil a permis également d’effectuer une première évaluation qualitative les phénomènes perturbateurs internes à la machine (Pertes dans les aimants et répartition des forces radiales) vis-à-vis de ces stratégies de commande. Enfin l’énergie extraite sur une durée significative en mode sain et en modes dégradés pour une turbine à pas fixe associée à plusieurs types de génératrices polyphasées a été quantifiée sur un site hydrolien typique (Raz de Sein). / The aim of this thesis is to study multiphase permanent magnet electrical synchronous machines (PMSM) and associated control strategies for tidal energy harnessing. These systems must be able to operate in fault mode in a wide range of speed. Indeed, for marine energy extraction applications, it is difficult to access to the site for maintenance operations. Specific control strategies in healthy and faults modes have been proposed, for 5 phases and 2X3 phases PMSM in a wide range of speed including flux weakening operations. A comparative study has also been done by evaluating the torque speed characteristics of several PMSM with fractional slot concentrated winding. This study is based on an analytical model which allows evaluating inductance values and EMF waveforms, from the knowledge of slot/pole combination of the machine windings. This analytical model allows evaluating qualitatively the impact of the control strategies on magnet losses and radial forces. Finally a practical case of tidal current energy extraction has been studied by quantifying extracted energy, in healthy and in faults modes for several multiphase electrical generators associated with a fixed pitch turbine in a typical tidal site.