[pt] Study of the UPCF applied to long lines O avanço da eletrônica de potência e de sua aplicação em Sistemas Elétricos de Potência proporcionaram uma nova tecnologia denominada FACTS - Flexilble AC Transmission Systems . Sob o conceito FACTS, encontram-se encontram-se equipamentos para a compensação da potência reativa, regulação de tensão e controle estático e dinâmico do fluxo de potência ativa em linhas de transmissão. Os equipamentos FACTS atualmente pesquisados vêm apresentando novas perspectivas de controle para os sistemas de potência até então não verificadas com o uso de compensadores convencionais. Dentre os equipamentos FACTS pesquisados está o Compensador Generalizado. O Compensador Generalizado oferece a possibilidade de um controle simultâneo e independente do fluxo de Potência ativa e das tensões nas barras do sistema. O objetivo principal deste trabalho é analisar o funcionamento do Compressor Generalizado em regime permanente aplicado a linhas longas. É avaliado sua situação operando numa linha de 2400 km. Dois casos extremos foram abordados: compensação sob carga nominal e compensação sob rejeição de carga. Os resultados obtidos com o Compensador Generalizado foram comparados com os resultados prévios obtidos através de uma compensação realizada com o uso de capacitores série e reatores em derivação. Desta forma, foram verificadas as vantagens oferecidas pelo Compensador Generalizado em relação a outros equipamentos e as possibilidades oferecidas aos sistema de transmissão face às novas alternativas de controle de fluxo de potência proporcionadas. / [en] The improvement of power electronics and its application in Power Systems introduced a new technology denominated FACTS - Flexible AC Transmission Systems. The FACTS concept includes equipment for reactive compensation, voltage regulation and static and dynamic control of the active power flow in transmission lines. The FACTS equipment under recent researches is showing new perspectives for power systems controlling, which were not achieved with conventional compensators. Among the researched FACTS equipment, there is the Unified Power Flow Controller. The UPFC provides a simultaneous and independent control of the active power flow and the voltages in the system. The main objective of this study is to analyze the steady state operation of the UPFC applied to long lines, specially the case fo a 2400 km line. Two extreme cases are discussed: compensation under rated load and compensation under load rejection. The obtained results with the UPFC are compared with previous results from a compensation performed with series capacitors and shunt reactors. Thus, this study presents the advantages of the UPFC in regard of other equipment and the possibilities offered to the transmission systems due to the new provided alternatives for power flow controlling.

Master of Science / Department of Architectural Engineering and Construction Science / Fred L. Hasler / This paper presents the results of an experiment that was purposed with introducing the physical feasibility of a conceptual product that would mechanically reduce frictional resistance of schedule 40 PVC conduit elbows during the installation of large conductors. In the current construction industry, there is a well established and code driven convention for the construction of PVC conduit. For the installation of building service conductors, significant energy is required to pull conductors through the conduit. The service feed is the most expensive and restrictive pull on most projects strictly due the weight of the large conductors which are heavily resistant to deformation. The forces involved necessitate stringent requirements on maximum pull lengths and maximum degrees bent between pull boxes. Cost and risk of costly installation damage are also major characteristics of service feed pulls. The resistance to pulling and highest concentrations of internal forces throughout any conductor pull is located at the elbows or bends. This study is a scaled experimental-based initial establishment of expected evidence to support the feasibility of a product that would essentially reduce the required force to pull large conductors. This product is idealized as a factory PVC elbow that contains mechanical rollers along the inside face of the elbow where the conductors theoretically make the most contact during pulling. This product will ultimately be more expensive, but would be expected to benefit the project by reducing installation time, possibly reduce the number of pull boxes required, and reduce the risk of damaging conductors or conduits. The experiments described in this paper reflect a small-scale set that establishes trends of varying any one significant parameter for single conductor pulls through a single ninety-degree factory PVC elbow. While further research into multi-conductor feeders must be conducted in order to establish full justification for the product development was expected at the onset, the results of this study show that even further additional research must be conducted to resolve an ambiguity on which a definitive conclusion depends. Due to unforeseen or predicted parameters impacting the reduction of frictional resistance throughout the experimentation, the results both support and counter any benefit of applying mechanical means to reduce frictional resistance. The percentages of reduction range from -37% to +24% across the study’s results. The hypothesized sources of the ambiguity that counter expectations can only be verified by future studies. However, the evidence from this study can become definitively directional for the pursuit or lack there of for further investigating the benefits of the idealized product.

M.Phil. / Nearly every reference document, national and international standard, text book or web page discussing the topic of Power Quality has an introduction that refers to the demand from customers and regulators for better and more detailed reporting from electrical power utilities with regards power quality. Previously power quality was an internal utility measure with no external input. Today contracts are negotiated with customers and limits are set by regulators with regards Power Quality objectives. Current assessment methods defined in various international guidelines and standards recommend that for a “high percentage” of the assessment period, the measured performance must remain below specified levels (“compatibility levels” or contracted levels). In the case of NRS048-2:2008 the assessment criterion for voltage harmonics and voltage unbalance is based on 95% of the time and 95% of the space for an assessment period of 1 week, and that for voltage magnitude is based on 95% of the time and 95% of the space, with the additional requirement that no two consecutive values exceed the specified levels. A statistical research study was undertaken to analyse the performance of the Eskom transmission system in order to determine the impact of using different assessment methods (100% of the week, 99% of the week, 95% of the day etc). This thesis will present the results of the analysis done on the data in the Quality of Supply database. The analysis will mainly focus on the voltage waveform parameters: harmonic THD; unbalance; and regulation as measured in the Eskom Quality of Supply database. The objective of this thesis is to determine how the current performance of an electrical transmission network is characterised by different assessment methods. This thesis makes a contribution to the current international debate on appropriate assessment criteria and the conditions (“normal” vs. “abnormal”) under which these would apply.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第22446号 / 工博第4707号 / 新制||工||1735(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院工学研究科電気工学専攻 / (主査)教授 小山田 耕二, 教授 土居 伸二, 教授 中村 裕一 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DGAM

The subject of this master‘s thesis is the design of a passenger quadcopter, which is intended for transporting two passengers and luggage. Diploma thesis includes an analysis of the existing products and deals with further direction in the solved topic. The goal of this thesis is to create a conceptual design that respects the technical, ergonomic and aesthetic requirements. The proposal itself offers possible direction of autonomous passenger quadcopters in the future.

Master's thesis designs a device for monitoring of electric energy consumption with ability to send measured data wirelessly using ZigBee technology. Theoretical part describes basic principles for measuring electric power and energy and also a possibility of digital measurement. Thesis provides short overview of already existing solutions for electric consumption measurement available on the market as well. Further the ZigBee standard is described together with one of its software implementations named BitCloud from Atmel Corporation. Design of the device deals with the selection of suitable integrated circuit for the consumption measurement and optimal voltage and current sensors. Then also its connection with the wireless module named ZigBee using SPI bus, power supply for the entire device and also the design of PCB. There is also a firmware implementation for the designed device based on BitCloud. Description of the firmware together with calibration process implemented is also part of the thesis. Finally, basic device testing and packet analysis of communication between designed device and ZigBee network coordinator is described.

Orientador: Laurence Duarte Colvara / Banca: Percival Bueno de Araujo / Banca: Gideon Villar Leandro / Resumo: O objetivo do presente trabalho é analisar a influência da atuação do SVC no desempenho dinâmico e transitório de um sistema de energia elétrica multimáquinas, focando as interações máquina-versus-máquina, por meio das admitâncias de transferência entre as barras internas dos geradores Cada admitância de transferência entre máquinas do sistema depende diretamente das variações da susceptância do SVC, e, para expressar esta dependência foi definido um coeficiente denominado Fator de Efeito. Mostra-se que este fator avalia com propriedade o efeito exercido pela ação do SVC sobre cada admitância de transferência entre máquinas do sistema, e dele se pode inferir quais pares de máquinas são mais e quais são menos afetados. Mostra-se ainda que, embora o Fator de Efeito possa apresentar variação de valores em diferentes condições de carregamentos, o mesmo não perde sua capacidade de discriminação de importância da compensação para interações entre máquinas. Notadamente, a discriminação da importância para interações intra e inter-áreas foi preservada em todas as situações de carregamentos consideradas. Considera-se que o Fator de Efeito poderá ser de grande utilidade em procedimentos de análise do desempenho de um SEE sob atuação de um SVC, bem como em procedimentos de projeto e ajuste de controles do dispositivo. / Abstract: The aim of this study is to analyze the influence of the action of a SVC in the dynamic and transient performance of a multimachine power system, with the focus putted on the machine versus machine interactions, by means of the their transfer admittance. The internal generators nodes transfer admittances are affected by the performance of the SVC and a coefficient named Effect Factor is defined in order to take it into account. It is shown that this factor provides an appropriate evaluation of relative importance of the SVC effects among all of the pairs of machines transfer admittances. It is also shown that the Effect Factor does not lose its discrimination ability when considering different system loading conditions. Especially the intra- and inter-area discrimination has been preserved in all of the various considered cases. It is expected that the effect factor can be very useful in power system performance analysis under SVC action, as well as in design and tuning methods for the device control. / Mestre

Orientador: Antonio Padilha Feltrin / Coorientador: Carlos Roberto Minussi / Banca: Jose Roberto Sanches Mantovani / Banca: André Nunes de Souza / Resumo: As perdas de energia elétrica por fraudes, ligações clandestinas ou erro na medição são denominadas Perdas Não-Técnicas ou Perdas Comerciais e seu combate tem sido prioridade quer por empresas concessionárias de distribuição de energia elétrica, quer por órgãos reguladores. Nesse contexto, neste trabalho, implementa-se computacionalmente um sistema inteligente híbrido intercomunicativo específico que se baseia no emprego de diferentes técnicas oriundas da área de sistemas inteligentes tais como redes neurais e lógica fuzzy em módulos independentes e que se comunicam entre si. O sistema é baseado em três pilares: extração automática de conhecimento a partir da base de dados da concessionária, incorporação na metodologia do conhecimento e experiência de especialistas e, em último, consultas na base de dados por características específicas de cada cliente. A metodologia utiliza simultaneamete inúmeros dados reais de entrada de natureza diversa e combina várias técnicas a fim de verificar o risco percentual de cada cliente de possuir alguma anomalia que implique em perda comercial. Além dos dados cadastrais e do histórico de consumo mensal dos clientes, comumente utilizados pelos trabalhos orientados à detecção de perdas comerciais, a metodologia proposta utilizou também dados adicionais tais como a lista de nomes e de atividades suspeitas. A utilização de dados adicionais possibilitou uma melhoria na detecção de clientes anômalos, grande parte dos quais seriam possivelmente considerados normais pelos trabalhos da literatura avaliada. Neste trabalho, pretende-se detectar as perdas comerciais de maneira mais rápida e precisa possível. Investigações adicionais devem ser feitas posteriormente para encontrar quais são as causas que culminaram em altas perdas comerciais em... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Electrical energy losses due to theft, fraud or error in the measurement are called Non-Technical Losses and their reduction has been a priority utilities power and by regulators. In this context, this paper presents the computational implementation of an intelligent hybrid system that combines techniques such as neural networks and fuzzy logic. The system is based on three pillars: knowledge extraction from the database utility, incorporating the methodology of knowledge and experience of experts and queries the database for specific features of each client. The methodology uses several simultaneous input of diverse nature and combines several techniques to verify the percentage risk of each customer to have some problem to configure non-technical losses as fraud, defective in the measurement system. In this paper, the main objective is to locate the focus of the problem more quickly. Further investigations should be made later to find what are the causes that resulted in high nontechnical losses in a feeder or in a specific region. This work covers the registered customers at utilities power, especially residential... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Orientador: Rubén Augusto Romero Lázaro / Coorientador: Marcos Julio Rider Flores / Banca: Jose Roberto Sanches Mantovani / Banca: Antonio Padilha Feltrin / Banca: Eduardo Nobuhiro Asada / Banca: Ariovaldo Verandio Garcia / Resumo: O problema do planejamento de sistemas de distribuição de energia elétrica consiste em determinar as mudanças que precisam ser feitas no sistema visando atender as condições de demanda futura, respeitando os critérios técnicos de operação e segurança, tudo isto sob um mínimo custo econômico (no caso da otimização monoobjetivo). A modelagem do problema de planejamento da expansão de sistemas de distribuição inclui a repotenciação de subestações existentes, a alocação e dimensionamento de novas subestações, o recondutoramento de alimentadores existentes, a construção e seleção do tipo de cabo para alimentadores novos e a seleção da topologia do sistema (reconfiguração). Além disso, o modelo considera que a expansão do sistema pode ser executada em vários estágios, propondo assim uma formulação dinâmica do problema de planejamento. É apresentada neste trabalho uma estratégia de decomposição para dividir o problema no subproblema da seleção das subestações e na solução de problemas de reconfiguração e recondutoramento dependentes. São desenvolvidos algoritmos heurísticos, que combinados com a metaheurística Busca Tabu, permitem uma exploração eficiente do espaço de busca. A estratégia de decomposição mencionada permite o uso da programação paralela, conseguindo diminuir o tempo de processamento. O método proposto é testado usando casos de grande porte da literatura, mostrando um excelente desempenho / Abstract: The distribution system expansion planning problem consists of to determine the investments that need to be made in the system to meet future demand conditions, satisfying technical criteria for operation and safety, all under a minimum economic cost (in the case of mono-objective optimization). The modeling of the planning problem includes the expansion of existing substations, the allocation and design of new substations, the reconductoring of existent feeders, the selection of the type of conductor for new feeders and the selection of the system topology (reconfiguration). Furthermore, the model assumes that the expansion of the system can be performed in several stages, thus it is proposed dynamic planning problem formulation. In this paper work, it is presented a decomposition strategy to separate the problem into the subproblems of selection of the substations, reconfiguration and selection of the conductor feeders. Heuristic algorithms are developed, which combined with the Tabu Search metaheuristic, allow an efficient exploration of the space of search. The decomposition strategy aforementioned allows the use of parallel programming, achieving reduced processing time. The proposed method is tested using large cases in the literature, showing excellent performance / Doutor

Background: For an organization to grow, it is important that projects are completed timely with good quality. This requires that projects are managed successfully. Attributes of project managers, sub-project managers and team leaders help them to steer the projects in the right direction. By using these attributes, project managers and sub-project managers, lead the team and direct them towards final goal. The traditional working style was that team members are located at the same physical location which helps them to interact and have face to face meetings. COVID-19 pandemic has forced companies to change their working style to remote working. As a result of this, companies are now shifting towards new norm by giving flexibility to their employees of working from home even when the COVID-19 pandemic is over. The impact of new norm on the management of project team is investigated in this thesis. Trust as a characteristics of project manager is studied to see its impact on management of project teams in the setting of ‘new norm’. Despite being a vital component for project success, little is known about factors affecting trust within the technical industry in general and electrical power industry in particular.  Objectives: The main objective of the thesis is to explore how the new norm has impacted the management of project teams within electrical power industry. Further on, the study aims to determine the factors affecting trust within electrical power industry.   Methodology: Qualitative research method using semi-structured interviews is used to gather the empirical data for answering the research questions. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with project managers, sub-project managers, and design leads working in one of the companies within electrical power industry. The data was further analyzed and categorized into different codes and themes. Results: Using qualitative data analysis, the findings demonstrate how new norm has impacted the management of project teams. The findings also show the challenges that project managers, sub-project managers, and team leads have faced because of the change in working style. The analysis also revealed that factors such as open communication, competence, reliable behavior etc. are vital for building trust within project team. Conclusions: Our study shows that in new way of working, there is a need to tailor the way project managers are managing their project teams. The project managers had to call for extra meetings both individually and collectively to keep track of the progress and maintain a working relationship with team members. The amount of effort required to manage the team has increased while working in the new norm. Team members are relying more on the IT system compared to the face-to-face discussion before COVID-19 pandemic. Apart from the challenges, one advantage with the online meetings is that the number of travels has reduced which has saved a lot of time and money.  Trust is identified as a key component for the project success within electrical power industry. Competence, open communication, reliable behaviour, sincerity, project milestone, and integrity were identified as key factors which affect trust. Of all these factors, open communication was rated as the most important component for building trust among team members.