Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2018-05-10T14:57:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Bruna da Silva_.pdf: 5892378 bytes, checksum: 48ddb61078d9d34123c8e89cfb4539c4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-10T14:57:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bruna da Silva_.pdf: 5892378 bytes, checksum: 48ddb61078d9d34123c8e89cfb4539c4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-27 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Este trabalho, que se insere na interface entre Semântica de Frames (FILLMORE, 1982; 1985) e Lexicografia Eletrônica, objetiva investigar a contribuição da noção de frame para o desenvolvimento de dicionários digitais online, a partir: (i) de uma análise metalexicográfica do Dicionário Olímpico (CHISHMAN, 2016) e de um conjunto de dicionários digitais online convencionais e (ii) de uma análise comparativa entre o Dicionário Olímpico e o conjunto dos demais dicionários, tendo como base o arcabouço teórico da Lexicografia Eletrônica, da Lexicografia tradicional e da Semântica Cognitiva. Para tanto, nos voltamos para a bibliografia da Semântica de Frames, de modo a dar destaque, num primeiro momento, aos preceitos subjacentes à noção de frame e ao potencial teórico desse conceito para a descrição do significado lexical e, num segundo momento, ao viés aplicado da teoria na relação com a Lexicografia (FILLMORE, 2003; FILLMORE; ATKINS, 1992). Porém, propomos uma ampliação da proposta original da interface, na medida em que nos voltamos para a literatura da Lexicografia Eletrônica. Nesse sentido, oferecemos um panorama relativo à área que se dedica ao desenvolvimento de dicionários digitais, de modo a tratar dos desafios, expectativas e demandas que se delineiam a partir da trajetória histórica do campo e de sua configuração atual. A metodologia pode ser dividida em quatro partes que correspondem: (i) à seleção do conjunto de dicionários digitais online convencionais a serem analisados; (ii) aos desdobramentos relativos à análise metalexicográfica, que apontaram para a necessidade de refletir sobre uma proposta de Metalexicografia Digital que sistematizasse os critérios metalexicográficos específicos da Lexicografia Eletrônica; (iii) à elaboração de formulários da análise metalexicográfica, relativos à composição e à natureza de dicionários online e à pesquisa da história da Lexicografia Eletrônica; e (iv) à descrição das estratégias de análise, contemplando os procedimentos de preenchimento dos formulários, a elaboração de fichas de observação e a montagem de rankings dos dicionários. A análise e discussão dos dados se deu a partir das informações obtidas por meio dos materiais de análise e teve como finalidade servir para a discussão acerca do modo como os dicionários evidenciam a identidade digital online e acerca do papel da noção de frame na construção da identidade digital online do Dicionário Olímpico. Os resultados evidenciaram que a falta de clareza sobre formas de assumir a identidade digital online de modo eficiente constitui o principal obstáculo para o desenvolvimento de dicionários digitais online; que a identidade digital se apresenta em diferentes níveis nas ferramentas analisadas e está relacionada ao fato de os dicionários possuírem ou não uma contraparte impressa; e que a noção de frame desempenhou o papel de fornecer as diretrizes para uma apresentação eficiente dos elementos digitais no Dicionário Olímpico. Por fim, constatamos que a noção de frame contribui para o desenvolvimento de dicionários digitais online na medida em que as noções de ‘conhecimento enciclopédico’, ‘empirismo’ e ‘continuidades entre linguagem e experiência’, subjacentes à noção de frame, são responsáveis pelo fato de, em um dicionário baseado em frames, os elementos digitais assumirem funções mais centrais na construção do significado. / This study that is inserted in the interface between Frame Semantics (FILLMORE, 1982, 1985) and Electronic Lexicography aims at investigating the contribution of the notion of frame to the development of online digital dictionaries, based on (i) a metalexicographic analysis of the Dicionário Olímpico (CHISHMAN, 2016) and a set of conventional online digital dictionaries and (ii) a comparative analysis between the Dicionário Olímpico and all other dictionaries, based on the theoretical framework of Electronic Lexicography, traditional Lexicography and Cognitive Semantics. Therefore, we return our attention to the bibliography of Frames Semantics, in order to highlight, in a first moment, the precepts underlying the notion of frame and the theoretical potential of this concept for the description of the lexical meaning and, in a second moment, the applied theory bias in relation to Lexicography (FILLMORE, 2003; FILLMORE and ATKINS, 1992). However, we propose an extension of the original interface proposal, as we turn to the literature of Electronic Lexicography. In this sense, we offer a panorama related to the area that is dedicated to the development of digital dictionaries, in order to deal with the challenges, expectations and demands that are outlined from the historical trajectory of the field and its current configuration. The methodology can be divided into four parts that correspond to: (i) the selection of the set of conventional online digital dictionaries to be analyzed; (ii) the developments related to the metalexicographic analysis, which pointed out the need to reflect on a proposal of Digital Metalexicography that systematized the specific metalexicographic criteria of the Electronic Lexicography; (iii) the elaboration of metalexicographic analysis forms, concerning the composition and nature of online dictionaries and the research on the history of Electronic Lexicography; and (iv) the description of the analysis strategies, including the procedures for completing the forms, the preparation of observation sheets and the assembly of dictionary rankings. The analysis and discussion of the data was based on the information obtained through the analysis materials and was intended to serve the discussion about the way in which the dictionaries show the online digital identity and about the role of the notion of frame in the construction of the online digital identity from Dicionário Olímpico. The outcomes showed that: the lack of clarity about ways to assume the online digital identity efficiently is the main obstacle to the development of online digital dictionaries; the digital identity presents itself at different levels in the tools analyzed and is related to the fact that the dictionaries have or do not have a printed counterpart; and the notion of frame played the role of providing the guidelines for an efficient presentation of the digital elements in the Dicionário Olímpico. Lastly, we find that the notion of frame contributes to the development of online digital dictionaries insofar as the notions of “encyclopedic knowledge”, “empiricism” and “continuities between language and experience”, which underlie the notion of frame, are responsible for the fact that, in a dictionary based on frames, the digital elements take on more central functions in the construction of meaning.

L'objectif de cette thèse est de combler des lacunes scientifiques dans la connaissance de l’histoire du francoprovençal et de son lexique. En effet, à l'heure actuelle aucun travail de synthèse ne regroupe les matériaux anciens du francoprovençal et dans le Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (FEW), qui pourrait remplir cette fonction, les états anciens du francoprovençal sont sous-représentés en raison de l'absence d'un tel travail. La conséquence est un grand déséquilibre avec la connaissance que nous avons de l'ancien français et occitan qui sont les langues romanes anciennes les mieux décrites. Les sources en francoprovençal sont relativement peu nombreuses parce que cette langue a été de tout temps confiné à un usage essentiellement oral. La littérature ancienne se borne à quelques textes d'édification et un traité juridique, surtout des traductions. À partir du XVIième siècle se développe une littérature en patois le plus souvent fortement ancrée localement. Les auteurs qui voulaient toucher un publique plus large ont très tôt opté pour le français. Les sources documentaires sont plus nombreuses, mais très inégalement réparties dans l'espace. Les sources issues de la partie française du domaine ont pour la plupart été éditées, mais beaucoup d'entre elles sont difficilement exploitables en l'absence de glossaires. La situation est plus favorable en Suisse romande où le Glossaire des patois de la Suisse romande (Gl.) documente non seulement les dialectes modernes, mais aussi leurs états anciens. Pour cette raison nous nous sommes concentrée sur la partie française du domaine et nous nous sommes basée sur le Gl. pour la partie suisse. En collaboration avec une autre doctorante, Laure Grüner, nous avons rassemblé les sources intéressantes pour l'étude de l'ancien francoprovençal de France et nous avons procédé à des dépouillements étendus. Sur cette base, nous avons élaboré un modèle de description lexicographique adapté à l’ancien francoprovençal et nous avons rédigé la tranche f de ce Dictionnaire de l'ancien francoprovençal, qui représente environ un vingtième du dictionnaire complet, afin de prouver la faisabilité du projet et d'évaluer son apport à la connaissance de l’ancien francoprovençal. Plus de la moitié de nos articles documentent des unités lexicales qui n'étaient pas encore attestées en ancien francoprovençal de France dans le FEW et dans une bonne partie des autres cas nous pouvons compléter les matériaux. Sur la base des 386 articles rédigés, nous évaluons la nomenclature complète du dictionnaires à 7’500 articles et le temps de rédaction à une bonne douzaine d'années de travail d'une personne à temps plein. Nous avons aussi envisagé plusieurs possibilités pour obtenir des résultats tangibles dans des délais plus courts / The aim of this thesis is to fill in the scientific gaps concerning the knowledge of the history of Francoprovençal and its vocabulary. Currently, there is no synthesis of the available documentation of Old Francoprovençal. In the Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (FEW), that could fulfil this function, the older states of Francoprovençal are underrepresented because of the lack of this kind of work. The consequence is a huge imbalance with the knowledge we have for instance of Old French and Occitan which are the best known Romance languages of the past.There are few sources in Francoprovençal because this language has always been mostly oral. The oldest literature consists of a few religious texts and a legal treaty. Most of them are translations. From the 16th century onward, a locally based literature emerges generally with modest ambitions. Authors wanting to reach a larger audience chose French at a very early stage. The documentary sources are more numerous but very unevenly spread. Most sources from the French part are edited, but many of them lack a glossary and are difficult to handle. The situation is better in Switzerland, where the Glossaire des patois de la Suisse romande (Gl.) provides documentation not only regarding the modern dialects but also their older stages. For this reason, we concentrated our work on the French part and relied on the Gl. for the Swiss part. Together with an other PhD student, Laure Grüner, we gathered the sources and extracted the interesting lexical forms.Based on this documentation, we elaborated a lexicographical description template suitable for Old Francoprovençal. We wrote the articles of this Dictionnaire de l'ancien francoprovençal beginning with the letter f which represents about one twentieth of the whole dictionary. Not only did this provide a proof of its feasibility, but it also assessed its contribution to the knowledge on Old Francoprovençal. More than a half of the articles gather evidence for lexical units not yet documented in this language regarding the French part of the linguistic area, whereas for most of the others we could complete the existing documentation. Based on the 386 articles written, we estimate the complete nomenclature at approximately 7’500 articles and the time needed to write them at about twelve years. We also considered various possibilities to get tangible outcomes in a shorter amount of time