The content of this work deals with a theoretical search of sodium-based batteries. The first part of the work contains an introduction to the issue of batteries, contains basic concepts, principles of secondary batteries. In the second part, the basic three divisions of sodium batteries according to the design principles are discussed in more detail. He also deals with the theory of ionic liquids. Their mechanical, thermal and electrical properties and the method used to measure electrolytes are described here. The practical part describes the measurement procedure, displays the recorded measured values and their evaluation.

This thesis is focused on so-called diaphragm discharge, which is one kind of electric discharges in liquid, which belongs among so-called AOP´s techniques, still more used for water cleaning in the present. One of effectiveness and stability indicators of diaphragm discharge is generation of hydrogen peroxide. In theoretical part, detail principle description of electric discharge in liquid is situated. Further, properties of electrolyte are introduced and general spectrophotometric method of obtained sample determination is described. In experimental part, a full procedure of experiment is introduced. Next part containing results and discussions introduces particular results of individual measurements and their reasons. Final chapter is the end, which forms total summary and evaluation of all results. By the application of all chosen electrolytes in solution at diaphragm discharge formation of hydrogen peroxide has appeared. Inorganic and organic electrolytes were used. As inorganic electrolytes following salts were selected – solutions of halogenides, next sodium nitrate as a representative of nitrates, potassium dihydrogenphosphate as a representative of phosphates, etc. Representative of organic electrolytes was citric acid. The value of initial conductivity of electrolytes had the main influence on hydrogen peroxide formation. Electrolytes potassium dihydrogenphosphate and sodium sulphate the great influence on effectiveness and stability of the diaphragm discharge. Their rate constants reached maximum value by the application of solution with initial conductivity of approximately 400 mikrosiemens, particularly 0.0492 mmol/l.min and 0.048 mmol/l.min. On the contrary, low values of rate constant were achieved in electrolyte ammonium chloride at around the same initial conductivity – 0.0269 mmol/l.min. During experiments stainless steel and platinum electrodes were used. It was found that kind of electrode material hadn’t influence on generation of hydrogen peroxide. Hydrogen peroxide was formed only in the cathode space.

This work deals with the measurement of electrical conductivity and mechanical properties of gel polymer electrolyte containing Lithium ion and their preparation. The theoretical part deals with the development of gel polymer electrolyte, their use and methods of measurement of electrical conductivity and mechanical properties. In the experimental part describes the preparation of gel electrolyte, the measurement of electrical conductivity, temperature dependence and the measurement of mechanical properties.

This thesis deals with the concept of propulsion for ultralight plane with using fuel cells technology. Here are described the individual kinds of fuel cells and possible fuel. Furthermore it is listed the calculation of low-temperature fuel cell H2 - O2 with polymeric membrane (PEM). The thesis includes also a part with the design drawings of the proposed solutions.

This dissertation deals with the electrode materials, liquid and gel electrolytes suitable for supercapacitors. In the field of electrode materials were investigated carbon materials based on carbon blacks, expanded and micronized graphite suitable for supercapacitors working on the principle electrochemical double layer. Another area which this thesis deals with are aprotic liquid electrolytes prepared from suitable types of salts and aprotic solvents. The last part is focused on the preparation and subsequent electrochemical characterization of gel polymer electrolytes in order to increase the ionic conductivity of these electrolytes.

The doctoral theses deal with electrochemical deposition of lead, tin, silicon and germanium from aprotic electrolytes in anhydrous inert atmosphere. Deposited layers are studied from the perspective of their surface and of electrochemical characteristics.

No description available.

Das Recycling von edelmetallhaltigen Materialien kann zum Eintrag von Ruthenium in die Kupfergewinnungselektrolyse führen, wo es zu leicht flüchtigem Rutheniumtetroxid oxidiert wird. Um bei der Elektrolyse Rutheniumverluste zu vermeiden, wurde das Oxidationsverhalten von Ruthenium in einer Kupfergewinnungselektrolyse an Bleilegierungs- sowie Diamantanoden mit unterschiedlicher Sauerstoffüberspannung durch Variation der Temperatur sowie der Stromdichte untersucht. Die Ergebnisse der Arbeit zeigen, dass Ruthenium nicht direkt elektrochemisch an der Anode zum Rutheniumtetroxid oxidiert wird. Vor allem an Anoden mit hoher Sauerstoffüberspannung erfolgt parallel zur Sauerstoffentwicklung die Bildung von weiteren Oxidationsmitteln, welche durch chemische Reaktionen mit den im Elektrolyt enthaltenen Rutheniumverbindungen zu leicht flüchtigem Rutheniumtetroxid oxidieren. Diese Reaktionen sind vor allem von der Temperatur und die Bildung der dafür notwendigen Oxidationsmittel vom Anodenpotential abhängig. Zur Vermeidung von Rutheniumverlusten in Kupfergewinnungselektrolysen sollten daher Anoden mit einem niedrigen Potential bei niedrigen Elektrolyttemperaturen eingesetzt werden.

Techniques of capillary electrophoresis are essential for both the quantitative and qualitative analysis of a large variety of compounds. They find application in many areas of chemistry, from pharmacological industry and food processing, up to highly specialized biotechnological laboratories. Over the last hundred years, their mathematical model has been described with precision. Thus, current research mainly aims for the development of more advanced and more specialized applications. During the greatest boom of affinity capillary electrophoresis within the nineties, many authors would describe similar phenomena under different names. The first part of this work focuses on the consolidation and unification of the problematics and terminology of this method. It also discusses the phenomena which can affect electromigration and separation during electrophoretic processes. We will focus on a specific subset of affinity capillary electrophoresis, partial filling capillary electrophoresis, which, to our knowledge, has not been fully theoretically explored yet, and present a mathematical model allowing the determination of complexation constants and state some limitations of this approach. The second part of this thesis focuses on the development and application of computer softwares, which are meant...

The doctoral theses deal with electrochemical deposition of lead, tin, silicon and germanium from aprotic electrolytes in anhydrous inert atmosphere. Deposited layers are studied from the perspective of their surface and of electrochemical characteristics.