The origin of spin effects in inclusive particle production at high energies is still a puzzle. Various experiments since 1976, when large values of polarization were observed in inclusive $\Lambda$ production (BUN76), have yielded measurements for the polarization P, of the baryon octet members, analyzing power A, for $\Lambda$, $\Sigma\sp{0}$, the pions and K$\sb{s}$ and depolarization parameter D for $\Lambda$ production. In an ongoing effort to understand the dynamics of the phenomenon we have carried out an experiment to measure P, A and D parameters for inclusively produced $\Sigma\sp{0}$'s. We were also able to measure A for K$\sb{s}$ production which is in good agreement with an earlier measurement (BON88). We find that the polarization for $\Sigma\sp{0}$'s is 23.0 $\pm$ 13.0% also in good agreement with an earlier measurement of 28.0 $\pm$ 13.0% (DUK87). The analyzing power and depolarization are A = 1.8 $\pm$ 5.5% and D = 26.0 $\pm$ 16.0% averaged over all the data with x$\sb{\rm F}\ >$ 0.2. Comparing the results with a phenomenological model we find that the A and D values differ considerably from the predictions. This model is based on ideas from parton fragmentation-recombination models and uses SU(6) symmetry for the wavefunctions. The transition amplitudes are parameterized by parameters $\epsilon,\ \epsilon\sp\prime,\ \delta$, and $\delta\sp\prime$ in such a way that fast quarks preferentially recombine with spin up and slow quarks with spin down. We have extended this model by allowing partial transfer of common valence quarks between the beam particle and the final state. Thus, whereas in the original version p $\to\ \Sigma\sp{0}$ could proceed only by (ud) diquark transfer now it is enhanced by u and d single quark transfer. Another extension to the model is the inclusion of finite probability of transversity spin flip (XSF) during recombination. By fitting the ratio of the production cross sections for $\Lambda$'s and $\Sigma\sp{0}$'s we obtain a single XSF probability of p = 0.34%. With these modifications the predictions for A and D in $\Sigma\sp{0}$ production are 5.6% and 33% respectively in excellent agreement with the experimental values. With the inclusion of XSF, the analyzing power for p $\to\ \pi\sp{+}$ and p $\to\ \pi\sp{-}$ also come into agreement.

We have studied the response of a lead glass electromagnetic shower detector by using an electron beam of 1 and 2 GeV. We present the results obtained from a study on position resolution of the detector. The stability of the calibration was monitored by using an LED system and an Am-source system. The position resolution varies for clusters with the number of blocks in the cluster. The average resolution is 2cm. The detector was used in a "mock" experiment to reconstruct the $\pi\sp0$ mass by measuring the two photons coming from $\pi\sp0$ decay. We measure a mass of 135.5 $\pm$ 12.5 MeV for the $\pi\sp0$. The actual mass of the $\pi\sp0$ from the particle data booklet is 134.96. The width of the $\pi\sp0$ mass, which is a test of the energy resolution of the detector, gives 18%/$\surd$E.

The analyzing power, A, in inclusive $\pi\sp0$ production by a polarized proton beam at 185 GeV/c was found to be 0.10 $\pm$ 0.03 for $\langle$x$\sb{\rm F}\rangle$ = 0.52 and $\langle$p$\sb{\rm T}\rangle$ = 0.8 Gev/c. The $\pi\sp0$'s were detected using a combined lead-glass, lead-scintillator photon absorption calorimeter constructed at the Bonner Lab. Using a simple parton recombination model applied to spin parameter measurements, A$\sb{\rm N}$ = 0.19 $\pm$ 0.02 for this reaction. Since the measured A is consistent with this model, it suggests that the leading quark in a high energy scattering reaction retains the transversity of the incident proton. This can be generalized to suggest that a valence quark model can be used to describe the spin of the proton in certain kinematic regions. A polarized antiproton beam was also produced and A was observed to be nonzero but with low statistics due to short running time. These results show that spin effects continue to be present and have importance at the highest measured energies.

The E704 Forward Spectrometer was designed to detect the inclusive production of hyperons ($\Lambda\sp0, \Sigma\sp0$) by a 200 GeV/c polarized proton beam incident upon an unpolarized liquid hydrogen target. This measurement used a four level trigger to detect lambdas, both from direct production and from $\Sigma\sp0$ decay. This trigger used four hodoscopes and two levels of programmable logic. The correlations fed into the programmable logic (Memory Lookup Units and Programmable Logic Units) were calculated using a GEANT3 Monte Carlo program. The trigger was tested and then used during the 1990/91 fixed-target run at Fermilab. It was gradually refined during the run. We were eventually able to see lambdas, but the reconstruction rate was low due to tracking limitations, chamber inefficiencies, background processes, etc.

The concepts involved in the design and operation of a multi-wire proportional chamber are reviewed. The design and construction of two chambers for the SMC (Spin Muon Collaboration) muon polarimeter are described in some detail so that one can use this thesis as an aid in the construction of a similar detector.

The design and tests of a photon shower position detector are discussed in this thesis. Some Monte Carlo results about this detector are also discussed. It will be used to measure the shower position of photons so that single $\gamma$ QED events can be distinguished from the other kinds of events in $\gamma$p interaction. The results are encouraging. From the Monte Carlo results, the detector should do a decent job of picking up QED events. The QED event ratio will be around 40% of all events which pass our cuts. And from the offline cosmic ray test and limited online test data, the detector will function very well.

There is much potential for reliable operation of the four large drift chambers for KTeV. In time, the problem with the loss of sense wires will be solved. These chambers will have a resolution of 100 microns per plane and play a major role in measuring the direct CP violation parameter Re($\epsilon\sp\prime/\epsilon$).

The analyzing power, A$\sb{\rm N},$ in inclusive $\pi\sp{+}$ and $\pi{-}$ production by a 200 GeV/c polarized proton beam was found to have a striking $x\sb{F}$ dependence in which the magnitude of A$\sb{\rm N}$ increases from 0 to 0.42 for the $\pi\sp{+}$ data and decreases from 0 to $-0.38$ for the $\pi\sp{-}$ data for increasing $x\sb{F}$ over the kinematic range $0.2 \le x\sb{F} \le 0.9$ and 0.2$GeV/c \le p\sb{T} \le 2.0GeV/c.$ The higher values of $x\sb{F}$ and $p\sb{T}$ in these kinematic ranges insure that the measured particle came from an interaction of the beam and target through a direct channel and that quark scattering through gluon exchange is the dominant interaction. The charged pions were identified and tracked with a large forward multi-particle spectrometer based upon a Helium gas threshold Cherenkov counter. A simple parton recombination model correctly predicts the signs of the spin parameters measured in this experiment. It also correctly predicts the magnitudes of the $\pi\sp{+}$ and $\pi\sp\circ$ analyzing power at high $x\sb{F}$ but the $\pi\sp{-}$ analyzing power is twice the predicted value. The $\pi\sp{+},$ $\pi\sp{-},$ and $\pi\sp\circ$ analyzing powers were also measured with a polarized anti-proton beam. These data and their interpretation with the simple model suggest that the transverse spin of the proton can be correlated with its quarks in certain kinematic regions, however, the details are still not well understood.

Momentum spectra of $\pi\sp-$, $K\sp-$, p and d have been measured from central collisions of 14.6 $\times$ A GeV/c Si beam on Si and W targets at rapidity 1.9 $<$ y $<$ 2.1. The inverse slope parameters $T\sb0$ obtained by an exponential fit with the transverse mass spectra in transverse kinetic energy are found to be $T\sb0(\pi\sp-) < T\sb0(K\sp-) < T\sb0(p) < T\sb0(d)$. This result is predicted by a radially expanding flow model. From integrated results, the $K\sp-/\pi\sp-$ ratios, (2.7 $\pm$ 0.3) % from Si and (2.4 $\pm$ 0.2) % from W, are consistent with pp collision results. The deuteron production rates can be explained by a relativistic coalescence model.

The photon is the carrier of the electromagnetic force. However in addition to its well known nature, the theories of QCD and quantum mechanics would indicate that the photon can also for brief periods of time split into a $q\overline{q}$ pair (an extended photon). How these constituents share energy and momentum is an interesting question and such a measurement was investigated by scattering photons off protons. The post collision kinematics should reveal pre-collision information. Unfortunately, when these constituents exit the collision point, they undergo subsequent interactions (gluon radiation, fragmentation, etc.) which scramble their kinematics. An algorithm was explored which was shown via Monte Carlo techniques to partially disentangle these post collision interactions and reveal the collision kinematics. The presence or absence of large transverse momenta internal ($k\sb\bot$) to the photon has a significant impact on the ability to reconstruct the kinematics of the leading order calculation hard scatter system. Reconstruction of the next to leading order high $E\sb\bot$ partons is more straightforward. Since the photon exhibits this unusual behavior only part of the time, many of the collisions recorded will be with a non-extended (or direct) photon. Unless a method for culling only the extended photons out can be invented, this contamination of direct photons must be accounted for. No such culling method is currently known, and so any measurement will necessarily contain both photon types. Theoretical predictions using Monte Carlo methods are compared with the data and are found to reproduce many experimentally measured distributions quite well. Overall the LUND Monte Carlo reproduces the data better than the HERWIG Monte Carlo. As expected at low jet $E\sb\bot$, the data set seems to be dominated by extended photons, with the mix becoming nearly equal at Jet $E\sb\bot$ $>$ 4 GeV. The existence of a large photon $k\sb\bot$ appears to be favored.