The triggered photon structure function at center-of-mass energy 21 GeV is measured from the interaction $\gamma$p $\to$ jets. Descriptions of the experimental apparatuses are given and the physics goals of the experiment are discussed. The methods used to calculate the photon structure function $x\sb{\gamma}$ are discussed in detail, with particular attention given to Monte Carlo simulation. The energy of the photon beam is carefully analyzed and methods of understanding and compensating for multiple bremsstrahlung photons, among other beam effects, are determined. Results from experimental data are compared with theoretical predictions from both leading-order and next-to-leading-order calculations and with the results of another experiment. Some examination of other targets and other beam energies is made. We observe substantial disagreement between data and lowest order Monte Carlo. Experimental results are more consistent with NLO calculations. No experimental separation of direct and resolved photons is observed or predicted by calculation.

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This thesis describes a high field two mode superferric dipole magnet for particle accelerators. At low field it behaves as a ferric magnet while at high field as a ${\rm cos}\theta$ magnet. It retains the advantages of a low field ferric magnet: substantial superconductor saving, easy fabrication and reliable operation. While it can go up to any field (limited by superconductor critical current) like a ${\rm cos}\theta$ magnet, the use of rectangular rather than radial geometry allows elimination of keystoning of the superconductor. The mechanical stability is also significantly improved over a ${\rm cos}\theta$ magnet by introducing inner support and horizontal preload.

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The total cross section difference for pp and pd scattering in initial spin states transverse to the beam direction was measured at beam momenta of 1.23, 1.38, 1.52, 1.72, 2.00, 2.24, and 2.48 GeV/c. This measurement was done in a standard transmission experiment. The pp data is in agreement with TRIUMF and LAMPF measurements below 1.5 GeV/c, and agrees with previous measurements above 1.5 GeV/c, which show peaks in the structure of (DELTA)(sigma)(,T) at 1.2 and 2.0 GeV/c. The first measurement of the cross section difference for pd scattering in transverse spin states permits the extraction of (DELTA)(sigma)(,T) for pn scattering and for the I = 0 NN system. The quantity (DELTA)(sigma)(,T)(I = 0) has a peak at 1.5 GeV/c which is of the same strength as the structure in (DELTA)(sigma)(,L)(I = 0) at the same beam momentum.

Fifth-order differential cross sections, (DIAGRAM, TABLE OR GRAPHIC OMITTED...PLEASE SEE DAI) have been measured for the reaction n+p(--->)p+p+(pi)('-) at an incident neutron energy of 790 (+OR-) 5 MeV. The experiment was performed at the Clinton P. Anderson Meson Physics Facility (LAMPF). Kinematically complete data were obtained at eleven angular settings spanning the available phase space. Both kinematic loci were detected at five of the settings while only the large phase space locus was detected for the other six angles. The protons were detected by MWPC counters on two spectro-meter arms which measured the vector momenta, P(' )=(' )(P,(theta),(phi)) for the scattered protons. The measured cross sections have been combined with earlier measurements of the p+p(--->)p+p+(pi)(DEGREES) reaction at 800 MeV to extract estimates of the magnitudes of the non-resonant scattering amplitudes, (VBAR)A(,01)(VBAR) and (VBAR)A(,11)(VBAR), as a fraction of the resonant amplitude (VBAR)A(,13)(VBAR). More accurate calculations of the amplitudes await a theory that can describe the differential cross sections for these reactions.