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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
201

Two-loop effective potential of supersymmetric quantum electrodynamics

Nadeau, Raymond. January 1988 (has links)
The formalism of effective potential method is first studied for usual field theory and extended to supersymmetric field theory. The specific case of supersymmetric quantum electrodynamics is then introduced. The superfields are shifted as required by Weinberg's method for the evaluation of effective potentials and superpropagators are derived with the method developed by Helayel-Neto for cases where supersymmetry is explicitly broken. Then, the one and two loop corrections to the effective potential may be calculated. These corrections are seen to be complex everywhere but at the minimum of the potential. Tile theory is then renormalized in a modified minimal substraction scheme and a finite expression is finally obtained for the effective potential. Thereon, the renormalized coupling constant and the $ beta$-function are calculated.
202

Generating functions and the representations of affine Kac-Moody algebras

Day, Lawrence Harvey January 1989 (has links)
After a general review of Lie algebra theory, the generating function method describing the representations (or characters) of Lie algebras is introduced. The Demazure-Gaskell character formula for calculating a generating function is discussed in detail. / Using the concept of the depth of a weight i.e. the number of simple roots that are subtracted from the highest weight of a representation in order to arrive at a particular weight in that representation, the representations of affine Kac-Moody algebras are studied. The Demazure-Gaskell method is then applied to these representations, and the generating functions for the representations to finite depth are calculated. / Both complete representations and fully degenerate representations i.e. those whose highest weights contains only one non-zero weight component, are considered. Generating functions for complete and fully degenerate representations of affine Kac-Moody algebras are given.
203

Measurement of Ξ¯ and Σ(1385) baryon production in deep inelastic scattering with the ZEUS detector at HERA

Lainesse, Julie January 2003 (has links)
This thesis presents the measurement of Ξ¯ and Σ(1385) strange baryons in deep inelastic scattering of 27.5 GeV positrons on 920 GeV protons with the ZEUS detector at HERA in the 1999--2000 run period. The kinematic range 20 < Q2 < 200 GeV 2, 0.0003 < x < 0.02, 0.04 < y < 0.7, and restricted kinematic regions in momentum pT and pseudorapidity eta for Ξ¯ and Σ, are used. This data set is suitable for the study of the strange content of the sea quarks inside the proton as well as the parton fragmentation process. The measured total cross sections of Ξ¯ and Σ(1385) baryons are compared with various Monte Carlo results generated with different strangeness suppression factors, and with a previous analysis which covered the 1997--2000 run period. The differential cross sections in bins of Q2, x, pT and η are also measured.
204

Inflation and quintessence in brane cosmology

Hoover, Douglas A. (Douglas Allan), 1979- January 2004 (has links)
We examine both quintessence and inflation within the brane-world picture, wherein the world is (4+d)-dimensional, and all standard model fields are trapped on the surface of a p-dimensional brane. We examine the situation where the inter-brane potential is dominated by the exchange of either a massless or a massive mode, for the case where the extra dimensions have the topology of a torus. In doing so, we find that neither potential is flat enough to allow for sufficient inflation. We will also propose a brane-based model where there are two large extra dimensions. In deriving the low-energy theory on the brane, we show that this model can have applications to both quintessence as well as to inflation.
205

Limits on Lorentz non-invariance from high energy cosmic rays

Gagnon, Olivier January 2005 (has links)
We put strong constraints on Lorentz violation by studying the inner structure of highly energetic protons. Our work is in direct continuation of previous analysis based on dimensions 4, 5 and 6 Lorentz violating operators. Our original contribution is due to the study of the inner structure of hadrons and their relation with Lorentz violating operators. The strength of the constraints arising from this new analysis should discourage us to propose new general theories that are Lorentz violating.
206

Observability of gravitational wave production and electroweak baryogenesis in the singlet majoron model

Laporte, Guillaume January 2011 (has links)
We study the electroweak phase transition in the Singlet Majoron model, as well as thepossibility of detecting the gravitational wave spectrum resulting from the first orderphase transition. We use numerical analysis to determine the strength of the rstorder phase transition. We also use numerical analysis to determine if the Big BangObserver (BBO) would be able to detect the gravitational waves produced during thefirst order phase transition. We conclude that the model can lead to a strong first orderphase transition in certain regions of its parameter space, as required for baryogenesis.Moreover, we are able to fine tune the coupling constants of the model such that BBOwould be able to detect the gravitational wave spectrum of the associated electroweakphase transition. / Nous étudions la transition électrofaible dans le modele du Singulet Majoron, ainsi quenous traitons de la possibilité de détecter le spectre d'ondes gravitationelles résultantde cette transition de phase. Nous utilisons une analyse numérique pour déterminerla force de la transition électrofaible. Nous utilisons aussi une analyse numérique pourdéterminer si l'Observateur du Big Bang (OBB) pourrait détecter les ondes gravitationellesproduites durant la transition de phase. Nous concluons que le modèle peutgénérer une forte transition de phase de premier ordre dans certains endroits de sonespace de paramètres, produisant une production de baryons. De plus, pour certainsparamètres précis, nous déterminons que l'OBB serait capable de détecter le spectred'ondes gravitationelles associé à la transition de phase.
207

Search for Higgs bosons beyond the standard model in early ATLAS data

Klemetti, Miika January 2011 (has links)
Higgs bosons are present in many extensions of the Standard Model, yet we are still waiting for the experimental confirmation of their existence. This thesis discusses Minimal and Next-to Minimal Supersymmetric Models, and presents searches for leptonic Higgs boson decays in channels that may provide the first unambiguous evidence of Higgs physics beyond the Standard Model. The channels considered are1 : gg→a1, gg→h1→2a1, H+→τν, and H+→a1W+, where a1→µµ and τ→ℓνν . A full data analysis is presented for gg→a1→µµ channel, while sensitivity prospects are discussed for the other channels. For the data analysis, we consider a data set with an integrated luminosity of 39 pb−1 collected by the ATLAS Detector at the Large Hadron Collider in 2010, operating at the centre of mass energy of √s = 7 TeV. As we observe no evidence for a signal in the gg→a1 channel, we set a model independent 95% confidence level upper limit on Higgs production cross section and branching ratio: σgg→a1×B(a1→µµ). This result represents the first measurement of σgg→a1×B(a1→µµ) in the world, and improves on the current experimental constraints on the Higgs sector beyond the Standard Model. / Les bosons de Higgs sont présents dans de nombreuses extensions du Modèle Standard, mais nous sommes toujours en attente de la confirmation exprimentale de leur existence. Cette thèse traite des modèles communs supersymetriques, et presente les recherches de désintégrations leptoniques du boson de Higgs dans les processus qui peuvent fournir la premiere preuve, sans equivoque, du Higgs au-dela du Modèle Standard. Les processus considérés sont: gg→a1, gg→h1→2a1, H+→τν,et H+→a1W+, avec a1→µµ et τ→ℓνν. La sensibilité des perspectives sont discutées pour les trois derniers, alors qu'une analyse de données complète est présentée pour le premier processus. Nous considérons un ensemble de données avec une luminosité integrée de 39 pb−1 collectées par le detecteur ATLAS au Large Hadron Collider en 2010, operant au centre de masse de √s = 7 TeV. Comme on n'observe pas de signal, nous avons mis une limite superieure sur la section efficace de production de Higgs et du rapport de branchement: σgg→a1×B(a1→µµ). Ce résultat représente une toute première mesure de σgg→a1×B(a1→µµ) dans le monde, et s'améliore sur les contraintes expérimentales courantes sur le secteur de Higgs au delà du Modèle Standard.
208

Single-particle production and photon-hadron correlations in proton-proton collisions at next-to-leading order

Coull, Jonathan January 2011 (has links)
In this thesis, we study photon production and photon-hadron correlations at next-to-leading order (NLO) in proton-proton collisions, in both the cases of isolated and non-isolated photons. To begin, fundamentals of perturbative Quantum Chromodynamics (pQCD) are reviewed, with an emphasis on describing how to compute spectra for single particle production and correlated pairs at both leading order (LO) and NLO in hadronic collisions. In particular, a discussion of infrared and collinear singularities at NLO will provide a natural introduction to the concept of factorization. These results are then specifically applied to the case of computing photon and pion single-particle cross-sections in proton-proton collisions at Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider (RHIC) and Large Hadron Collider(LHC) energies, and compared to experimental data from the PHENIX and CMS experiments respectively. Included in this will be a short study of the theoretical systematic uncertainty generated by the dependence on factorization scales, and a discussion of the modifications needed when moving from inclusive to isolated observables. Following this, double inclusive cross-sections for production of photon-tagged hadrons are computed and compared to data from PHENIX. Once again, a full NLO treatment is given, and the effects of isolation are implemented. We will conclude with a final section on the application of photon-hadron correlations to the tomographic mapping of energy loss in heavy-ion collisions. / Dans cette dissertation, nous étudions la production au seconde ordre (NLO) de photons ainsi que la corrélation entre photons durs et hadrons dans les collisions proton-proton. Dans les deux cas est inclus l'effet de l'application de critères d'isolement sur les photons. Nous commençons par une synthèse des résultats fondamentaux de la chromodynamique quantique perturbative (pQCD), dans laquelle nous résumons les méthodes principales pour calculer des sections efficaces aux premier et second ordres. En particulier, nous discutons des singularités infrarouges et colinéaires qui se produisent au seconde ordre, ce qui nous amènera à introduire la théorie de la factorisation. Ces outils sont par la suite utilisés pour calculer les section efficaces pour la production de photons et de pions dans les collisions proton-proton aux énergies atteintes au Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC)et au Grand collisionneur de hadrons (LHC). Ces résultats sont comparés aux données des expériences PHENIX et CMS respectivement. Nous étudions aussi l'incertitude théorique due aux choix des échelles de factorisation et la différence entre les sections efficaces inclusives et isolées. Finalement, nous calculons les sections efficaces pour les paires photon-hadron corrélées et comparons les résultats aux données de PHENIX, tout en incluant les effets de second ordre et d'isolement. Nous concluons avec une description qualitative de l'application des corrélations pour établir une tomographie des collisions d'ions lourds.
209

Energy resolution on trigger jets in the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider

Woods, Katharine January 2011 (has links)
The most prominent high transverse-momentum products from proton-protoncollisions at the Large Hadron Collider are collimated jets of hadrons. These jets are excellent probes for new physics at the LHC. This thesis presents a thorough investigation of the ATLAS jet energy resolutions of offline reconstructed jets as well as those of the high level trigger. The jet energy resolution is measured using adijet balancing technique on jets reconstructed with different algorithms (anti-kT ,cone) in the pseudorapidity region |η| < 2.5. Results from detailed Monte Carlo studies are compared with results from the collider data, based on up to 35 pb−1 of 7TeV center-of-mass energy proton-proton collisions during the 2010 data taking run. Results show that the jet energy resolution obtained from Monte Carlo simulations agree with resolutions measured in data to within 10%. / La majorité des produits à grande quantité de mouvement transverse résultants des collision proton-proton au LHC sont les gerbes de particules, ou jets. Ces jets sont d'excellentes sources pour sonder la nouvelle physique au LHC. La présente thèse a pour objet l'étude approfondie de la résolution de l'énergie des jets tel que détectés par le détecteur de l'expérience ATLAS, ainsi que pour ceux du système de déclenchement de haut niveau. La résolution de l'énergie des jets est mesurée en appliquant une technique d'équilibrage des jets dans la région de pseudorapidité|η| < 2.5 et qui ont été reconstruits avec des algorithmes différents. Les résultats détaillés d'une étude de simulation Monte Carlo sont comparés aux données du collisionneur prises au cours de l'année 2010, cequi correspond à 35 pb−1 luminosité intégrée provenant de collisions proton-proton à une énergie de centre de masse de 7TeV. Les résultats montrent que la résolution de l'énergie des jets obtenue à partir de simulations Monte Carlo est en accord avec celle mesurée à partir des données à moins de 10%
210

Friedman equation in codimension-two braneworlds

Chen, Fang January 2008 (has links)
We study the expansion of the universe on a deSitter 3-brane in a warped codimension-two brane model. We use analytical and numerical methods to solve the jump conditions and quantify the deviations of the Friedmann equation from its standard form. The radion must be stabilized in this model, and it is shown that the magnitude of the deviations is controlled by the radion mass, though in a quantitatively different way from codimension-one brane models. We also examine the effect of the modified expansion rate on inflation driven by fields on the brane. / Nous étudions l'expansion de l'univers sur un desitter 3-brane dans un modèle déformé de brane de dimension 2. Nous employons des méthodes analytiques et numériques pour résoudre les conditions de saut et pour mesurer les déviations de l'équation de Friedmann a partir de son format standard. Le radion doit être stabilisé dans ce modèle, et on démontre que l'importance des déviations est commandée par la masse de radion, cependant de faéon quantitativement différente a partir de modèles de brane de dimension 1. Nous examinons également l'effet du taux modifié d'expansion sur l'inflation conduite par des champs sur le brane.

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