The problem of this study is to determine the influence that Sunday school attendance has on behavior of children now enrolled in the elementary grades of North Texas State College Demonstration School of Denton, Texas.

This study compared the performance of four groups of children--two Indian groups and two non-Indian groups--on a test of commonly used idioms. The Indian subjects, all bilingual, were differentiated on the basis of school setting, uni-ethnic or multi-ethnic. The non-Indian subjects, all from multi-ethnic schools, were differentiated on the basis of linguistic background, bilingual or monolingual.<p>The sample consisted of 465 children in grades five, six, and seven from six schools in Northern and Central Saskatchewan. The Yandell Idioms Test was administered to all the children. Differences among mean scores of the groups were tested with an analysis of variance. In addition, to minimize the effects on the Idioms Test results of very high or very low reading ability, a second analysis was done involving a selected sample identified from within the total sample by excluding all subjects who scored below the 4.0 grade level or above the 7.9 grade level on the Gates-MacGinitie Reading Tests.<p>Analysis of Idioms Test scores revealed that Indian children in multi-ethnic schools scored higher than Indian children in uni-ethnic schools, but that non-Indian children, whether bilingual or monolingual, achieved significantly better than Indian children. in either multi-ethnic or uni-ethnic settings. Monolingual non-Indian children scored higher than bilingual non-Indian children, although for the selected sample, the differences were not statistically significant.<p>In both analyses, there seemed to be few sex differences of importance. Between-group differences generally reflected the trend for the whole-group analyses, while within-group differences were not significant except for the bilingual. non-Indian group.<p>In general, the study showed that not only did Indian children have difficulty with the comprehension of English idioms but that many English idioms used in basal readers were not familiar even to monolingual English-speaking children.

This study compared the performance of four groups of children--two Indian groups and two non-Indian groups--on a test of commonly used idioms. The Indian subjects, all bilingual, were differentiated on the basis of school setting, uni-ethnic or multi-ethnic. The non-Indian subjects, all from multi-ethnic schools, were differentiated on the basis of linguistic background, bilingual or monolingual.<p>The sample consisted of 465 children in grades five, six, and seven from six schools in Northern and Central Saskatchewan. The Yandell Idioms Test was administered to all the children. Differences among mean scores of the groups were tested with an analysis of variance. In addition, to minimize the effects on the Idioms Test results of very high or very low reading ability, a second analysis was done involving a selected sample identified from within the total sample by excluding all subjects who scored below the 4.0 grade level or above the 7.9 grade level on the Gates-MacGinitie Reading Tests.<p>Analysis of Idioms Test scores revealed that Indian children in multi-ethnic schools scored higher than Indian children in uni-ethnic schools, but that non-Indian children, whether bilingual or monolingual, achieved significantly better than Indian children. in either multi-ethnic or uni-ethnic settings. Monolingual non-Indian children scored higher than bilingual non-Indian children, although for the selected sample, the differences were not statistically significant.<p>In both analyses, there seemed to be few sex differences of importance. Between-group differences generally reflected the trend for the whole-group analyses, while within-group differences were not significant except for the bilingual. non-Indian group.<p>In general, the study showed that not only did Indian children have difficulty with the comprehension of English idioms but that many English idioms used in basal readers were not familiar even to monolingual English-speaking children.

This study examined seventh grade students&rsquo / perceptions about collaborative learning, peer and teacher support, project based learning, technology integration into Science and Technology lesson and forum. The research included the implementation of collaborative project-based learning during 10 weeks. Students as groups created educational web sites on Science and Technology subjects by working co9llaboratively in Information Technologies lessons. This research was an action research case study. The major purpose of the study was to enhance the collaborative skills of students by applying a new practice. Besides this, it was aimed that all students could use computer more comfortably and by discovering and could use their computer skills in other disciplines. Qualitative data were collected through student interviews, observations, web site evaluation rubrics, and forum archives. It was seen that students enjoyed project-based learning and they gained the habit of working together developed with the help of collaborative group work. Moreover, they started to appreciate peer support and learned to respect each other&rsquo / s ideas. According to results, aware of responsibility of both low-achievers and high achievers increased. The feeling of self-confidence they gained when they completed the project helped them to overcome their fear to use computer. Most of the students preferred using computer in their projects or homework from other disciplines.

The purpose of this study was to establish a functional analysis protocol for examining behavioral deficits, using social withdrawal as an exemplar. A review of the Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis over the past 10 years found that although the current behavior analytic literature contains extensive studies that functionally analyze behavioral excesses, there is a limited amount of studies that analyze deficits. The rationale behind this study was the notion that although behavioral deficits are rarely studied, the fact that the participant is capable of the behavior yet fails to engage in it leads to the idea that certain events are functionally maintaining this failure. The method used involved examining two male students identified as socially withdrawn. The approach for functionally analyzing their behavior(s) was based on the conditions described in Iwata et al. (1982/1994). Specifically this study had the following conditions attention, demand/escape, and unstructured play, otherwise known as the control condition. The procedures of this study were predicated on the hypothesis that behavioral deficits respond to social contingencies in a manner similar to many behavioral excesses. Based on the findings of this study, the deficit collectively referred to as "social withdrawal" was responsive to such contingencies. Specifically, social withdrawal appeared to be maintained by adult attention for both participants.

The present study consists of two phases. The first phase includes the development of the Turkish Bully Scale to identify bully, victim and bully/victim groups and to describe the incidence of bullying among the elementary school students. The second phase of the study evaluates the effect of the Bullying Management Training Program on reducing bullying behaviours of bully/victim elementary school students. In the development of the Bully Scale a pilot (N=453, sixth grade students) and a main study (N=519, sixth grade students) were conducted to examine the validity evidence and the reliability estimates. Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analyses were used to analyse the validity evidence and the reliability of the Bully Scale, which is used for the selection of the subjects. In the second phase of the study, an experimental 3 x 2 design with one training and two control groups was used to investigate the effectiveness of Bullying Management Training Program. The 19-item Bully Scale including a self-report (N=367) and peer nomination (N= 396) forms were administered to a sample of the 7th grade students. The training program was conducted with the bully/victim group. Contrary to the expectation, the results of repeated measures ANCOVA analyses were not significant, except for the victimization scores of the peer nomination form. The post hoc analyses did not indicate a significant difference for the victimization score between the training and two control groups. The Bullying Management training was not found as an effective technique to reduce bully/victim students&rsquo / bullying and victimization.

THE PURPOSE OF THE STUDY WAS TO INVESTIGATE THE EFFECT OF A COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL GROUP COUNSELING PROGRAM ON THE LEARNED RESOURCEFULNESS LEVEL AND AUTOMATIC THOUGHT PATTERNS OF FIFTH GRADE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS. THE STUDY CONSISTS OF TWO PHASES. IN THE FIRST PHASE, CHILDREN&#039 / S VERSION OF SELF-CONTROL (C-SCS) AND COGNITIVE TRIAD INVENTROY FOR CHILDREN (CTI-C) WERE GIVEN TO 232 FIFTH GRADE STUDENTS IN TWO ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS IN ANKARA. THE DIFFERENCES AMONG THE AUTOMATIC THOUGHT PATTERNS (CTI-C) OF THE STUDENTS BY GENDER AND LEARNED RESOURCEFULNESS (C-SCS) WERE EXPLORED USING A 2 (GENDER) X 2 (HIGH-LOW LEARNED RESOURCEFULNESS) FACTORIAL MANOVA. RESULTS SHOWED THAT STUDENTS WHO WERE HIGHLY RESOURCEFUL SCORED SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER IN TOTAL, NEGATIVE VIEW OF SELF, FUTURE AND WORLD AND POSITIVE ViEW OF SELF, FUTURE AND WORLD. AN EXPEROMENTAL DESIGN WITH ONE TRAINING AND TWO CONTROL GROUPS (PLACEBO-ATTENTION AND NO-TREATMENT) AND THREE MEASUREMENTS (PRE, POST AND FOLLOW-UP) WERE USED IN THE SECOND PHASE OF THE STUDY. 45 STUDENTS (27 MALES, 18 FEMALES) WHO HAD LOW LEARNED RESOURCEFULNESS AND NEGATIVE AUTOMATIC THOUGHT PATTERNS WERE RANDOMLY ASSIGNED TO ONE TRAINING AND TWO CONTROL GROUPS. &#039 / COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL GROUP COUNSELING PROGRAM&#039 / WAS IMPLEMENTED TO THE COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL TRAINING STUDENTS&#039 / OVER A PERIOD OF 15 SESSIONS. THE SESSIONS WERE HELD ONCE A WEEK AND LASTED IN 90 MINUTES. STUDENTS IN THE PLACEBO-ATTENTION CONTROL GROUP PLAYED NON-THERAPEUTIC GAMES LiKE LOTTO, GAME OF NAME-CITY-ANIMAL-PLANT, HANGING A MAN, SILENT MOVIE AND SOLVED SOME PUZZLES. THE NO-TREATMENT CONTROL GROUP SUBJETCS DID NOT RECEIVE ANY TRAINING. REPEATED MEASURES ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE WAS USED TO ANALYZE THE DATA COLLECTED IN THE EXPERIMENTAL PHASE OF THIS STUDY. CONTRARY TO THE EXPECTATIONS, THE RESULTS INDICATED THAT &#039 / COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL GROUP COUNSELING PROGRAM&#039 / DID NOT IMPROVE LEARNED RESOURCEFULNESS LEVELS AND INCREASE POSITIVE AUTOMATIC THOUGHT PATTERNS OF STUDENTS.

Thesis (M. Ed.)--University of Hong Kong, 1995. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 115-125).

Thesis (M.Ed.)--University of Hong Kong, 1995. / Includes bibliographical references (leave 115-125). Also available in print.

The significance of agriculture to future generations is unparalleled. The United Nations projects the global population to swell to 9.75 billion people by 2050, and to proliferate to 11.2 billion by 2100. The non-agricultural population has little to no understanding or comprehension of the complexities of sustaining a viable agricultural system. Agricultural literacy is an area often unseen and rarely discussed outside specific agricultural disciplines. Society does not view agriculture as being important, yet it is important that society be properly educated on issues in order to reach well-informed decisions and render prudent choices that impact the world around them. Illinois ranks fourth in the nation for agricultural productivity, yet the agricultural literacy of its elementary students is unknown. The purpose of this study was to assess the agricultural knowledge of selected Illinois classrooms of public elementary school students in kindergarten through fifth grades that employ Agriculture in the Classroom (AITC) methods and materials. A quasi-experimental nonequivalent control group design, using a pretest and a posttest, was utilized to study. A Solomon Four-Group design analysis was used to determine if pretest sensitization, or test reactivity effect, existed in this study. The study found that AITC treatment and control group students possessed some agricultural knowledge regarding the five thematic areas of the Food and Fiber Systems Literacy (FSSL) Framework. The kindergarten through first grade post mean scores by treatment and theme indicated the treatment group answered 77.89 percent of the questions correctly and the control group answered 72.55 percent correctly. The treatment and control groups were most knowledgeable about Theme 5 (Food, Nutrition and Health) followed by Theme 4 (Business and Economics), with the treatment group being more knowledgeable about Theme 1 (Understanding Food and Fiber Systems), while the control group was more knowledgeable about Theme 3 (Science, Technology and Environment). The treatment and control groups were least knowledgeable about Theme 2 (History, Geography and Culture). The second through third grade post mean scores by treatment and theme indicated the treatment group answered 75.05 percent of the questions correctly and the control group answered 74.07 percent correctly. The treatment group was most knowledgeable about Theme 3 (Science, Technology and Environment) followed by Theme 1 (Understanding Food and Fiber Systems) and Theme 5 (Food, Nutrition and Health). The control group was most knowledgeable about Theme 1 (Understanding Food and Fiber Systems) followed by Theme 3 (Science, Technology and Environment) and Theme 4 (Business and Economics). The treatment and control groups were least knowledgeable about Theme 2 (History, Geography and Culture). The fourth through fifth grade post mean scores by treatment and theme indicated the treatment group answered 66.73 percent of the questions correctly and the control group answered 52.91 percent correctly. The treatment group was most knowledgeable about Theme 2 (History, Geography and Culture) followed by Theme 3 (Science, Technology and Environment) and Theme 5 (Food, Nutrition and Health). The control groups were most knowledgeable about Theme 3 (Science, Technology and Environment) followed by Theme 1 (Understanding Food and Fiber Systems) and Theme 4 (Business and Economics). The treatment was least knowledgeable about Theme 4 (Business and Economics) and Theme 5 (Food, Nutrition and Health). The control group was least knowledgeable about Theme 2 (History, Geography and Culture) followed by Theme 5 (Food, Nutrition and Health).