The object of this paper is to present the properties and some of the applications of the Elliptic Integrals.

This thesis aims to prove the following statement, where the Weierstrass p-function has algebraic invariants and complex multiplication by Q(alpha): "If beta_1,..., beta_n are algebraic numbers which are linearly independent over Q(alpha), then p(beta_1),...,p(beta_n) are algebraically independent over Q." This was proven by Philippon in 1983, and the proof in this thesis follows his ideas. The difference lies in the strength of the tools used, allowing certain arguments to be simplified. This thesis shows that the above result is equivalent to imposing the restriction (beta_1,...,beta_n)=(1,beta,...,beta^{n-1}), where n=[Q(alpha,beta):Q(alpha)]. The core of the proof consists of developing height estimates, constructing representations for morphisms between products of elliptic curves, and finding height and degree estimates on large families of polynomials which are small at a point in Q(alpha,beta,g_2,g_3)(p(1),p'(1),...,p(beta^{n-1}),p'(beta^{n-1})). An application of Philippon's zero estimate (1986) and his criterion of algebraic independence (1984) is then used to obtain the main result.

Orientador: Nelson Callegari Junior / Banca: Emanuel Fernandes Lima / Banca: Tadashi Yokoyama / Resumo: É bem conhecido que em Mecânica Analítica muitos problemas integráveis não tem primitivas escritas em forma de funções elementares, tais como: corpo rígido assimétrico em rotação livre; pêndulo esférico, entre outros. O uso de funções elípticas faz-se necessário para se buscar soluções analíticas desses problemas. Neste trabalho, faremos primeiramente uma revisão da teoria dessas funções adotando como referência alguns textos clássicos. Feito isso, estudaremos a formulação de problemas de dinâmica, a saber o pêndulo simples e o pião simétrico. Por fim, com as integrais desses problemas em mãos, iremos determinar suas soluções com o uso das funções elípticas de Jacobi e Weierstrass / Abstract: It is well known that in Analytical Mechanics many simple integrable problems cannot be written in terms of elementary functions, such as: rigid asymmetrical body in free rotation, spherical pendulum, among others. The use of elliptic functions becomes necessary in order to obtain analytical solutions of these problems. In this work, we present a review of the theory of these functions accordingly to some classical texts. In the sequence, we study two problems of mechanics: the simple pendulum and the symmetrical top. Finally, we will determine the solutions to these problems using of the Jacobi and Weierstrass elliptic functions / Mestre

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In this article we study the geometry associated with the sub-elliptic operator ½ (X²1 +X²2), where X1 = ∂x and X2 = x²/2 ∂y are vector fields on R². We show that any point can be connected with the origin by at least one geodesic and we provide an approximate formula for the number of the geodesics between the origin and the points situated outside of the y-axis. We show there are in¯nitely many geodesics between the origin and the points on the y-axis.

Submitted by JOSE VINICIUS ZAPTE BERGAMO (vinni.zapte@gmail.com) on 2018-05-21T01:27:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Versão Final.pdf: 1512028 bytes, checksum: 03a7fa4505560dd5c8c218ebc20d5c7a (MD5) / Rejected by Ana Paula Santulo Custódio de Medeiros null (asantulo@rc.unesp.br), reason: A ficha catalográfica deve ser solicitada à biblioteca, pelo site: http://ib.rc.unesp.br/#!/biblioteca/biblioteca/ , clicar em Serviços, Ficha Catalográfica. A ficha catalográfica só pode ser elaborada por um bibliotecário. De acordo com a Resolução CFB nº 184/2017 de 29/09/2017 – na Ficha catalográfica deve constar o nome do Bibliotecário/CRB, e ser elaborada de acordo com as normas vigentes segundo à AACR2. É proibido perante a lei (Art. 297 – Código Penal) qualquer alteração documental, sem autorização do Bibliotecário responsável. DA FALSIDADE DOCUMENTAL: (I) FALSIDADE DE DOCUMENTO PUBLICO ART. 297: Falsificar, no todo ou em parte, documento publico, ou alterar documento publico verdadeiro: Pena – reclusão, de dois a seis anos, e multa. DOCUMENTO PUBLICO: é aquele elaborado por funcionário publico, de acordo com as formalidades, e desempenho de suas funções. Art. 232, CPP - Consideram-se documentos quaisquer escritos, instrumentos ou papéis, públicos ou particulares. Obs: O arquivo da dissertação também está com várias páginas em branco. Favor removê-las. on 2018-05-21T16:44:27Z (GMT) / Submitted by JOSE VINICIUS ZAPTE BERGAMO (vinni.zapte@gmail.com) on 2018-05-22T21:00:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Versão final.pdf: 2094478 bytes, checksum: d2ae82de50952a7c6fd4a2c3bcfafa7a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Santulo Custódio de Medeiros null (asantulo@rc.unesp.br) on 2018-05-23T11:37:05Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 bergamo_jvz_me_rcla.pdf: 2053307 bytes, checksum: 136b1ac8c78bcede6e781522c69ee3c6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-23T11:37:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 bergamo_jvz_me_rcla.pdf: 2053307 bytes, checksum: 136b1ac8c78bcede6e781522c69ee3c6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-04-24 / É bem conhecido que em Mecânica Analítica muitos problemas integráveis não tem primitivas escritas em forma de funções elementares, tais como: corpo rígido assimétrico em rotação livre; pêndulo esférico, entre outros. O uso de funções elípticas faz-se necessário para se buscar soluções analíticas desses problemas. Neste trabalho, faremos primeiramente uma revisão da teoria dessas funções adotando como referência alguns textos clássicos. Feito isso, estudaremos a formulação de problemas de dinâmica, a saber o pêndulo simples e o pião simétrico. Por fim, com as integrais desses problemas em mãos, iremos determinar suas soluções com o uso das funções elípticas de Jacobi e Weierstrass. / It is well known that in Analytical Mechanics many simple integrable problems cannot be written in terms of elementary functions, such as: rigid asymmetrical body in free rotation, spherical pendulum, among others. The use of elliptic functions becomes necessary in order to obtain analytical solutions of these problems. In this work, we present a review of the theory of these functions accordingly to some classical texts. In the sequence, we study two problems of mechanics: the simple pendulum and the symmetrical top. Finally, we will determine the solutions to these problems using of the Jacobi and Weierstrass elliptic functions.

The purpose of this thesis is to investigate a class of four left-invariant optimal control problems on the special orthogonal group SO(3). The set of all control-affine left-invariant control systems on SO(3) can, without loss, be reduced to a class of four typical controllable left-invariant control systems on SO(3) . The left-invariant optimal control problem on SO(3) involves finding a trajectory-control pair on SO (3), which minimizes a cost functional, and satisfies the given dynamical constraints and boundary conditions in a fixed time. The problem is lifted to the cotangent bundle T*SO(3) = SO(3) x so (3)* using the optimal Hamiltonian on so(3)*, where the maximum principle yields the optimal control. In a contribution to the study of this class of optimal control problems on SO(3), the extremal equations on so(3)* (ident ified with JR3) are integrated via elliptic functions to obtain explicit expressions for the solution curves in each typical case. The energy-Casimir method is used to give sufficient conditions for non-linear stability of the equilibrium states. / KMBT_363 / Adobe Acrobat 9.54 Paper Capture Plug-in

Srinivasa Ramanujan (1887-1920) was one of the world's greatest mathematical geniuses. He work extensively in a branch of mathematics called "q-series". Around 1913, he found an important formula which now is known as Ramanujan's 1ψ1summation formula. The aim of this thesis is to investigate Ramanujan's 1ψ1summation formula and explore its applications to number theory and combinatorics. First, we consider several classical important results on elliptic functions and then give new proofs of these results using Ramanujan's 1ψ1 summation formula. For example, we will present a number of classical and new solutions for the problem of representing an integer as sums of squares (one of the most celebrated in number theory and combinatorics) in this thesis. This will be done by using q-series and Ramanujan's 1ψ1 summation formula. This in turn will give an insight into how Ramanujan may have proven many of his results, since his own proofs are often unknown, thereby increasing and deepening our understanding of Ramanujan's work.

One important aspect of our present age of monolithic high speed computers is the computer's capability to solve complex problems hitherto impossible to tackle due to their complexity. This paper explains how to use a. digital computer to solve a specific type of problem; specifically, to find the inverse solution of a in the elliptical equation V2U(x,y) = g(a,U,x,y), with appropriate boundary conditions. This equation is very useful in the electronics field. The knowns are the complete set of boundary values of U(x,y) and a set of observations taken on internal points of U(x,y). Given this information, plus the specific form of the governing equation, we can solve for the unknown a. Once the computer program has been written using the technique of quasilinearization, Newton’S convergence method, discrete invariant imbedding, and the use of sensitivity functions, then we take data from the computer results and analyse it for proper convergence. This data shows that there are definite limits to the usefulness and capability of the technique. One of the results of this study is the observation that it is important to the proper functioning of this problem solving technique that the observations taken on U(x,y) are placed in the most efficient locations with the most efficient geometry in the region of largest effectiveness. Another result deals with the number of observation points used: too few gives insufficient information for proper program functioning, and too many tends to saturate the effectiveness of the observations. Thus this paper has two objectives. first to develop the technique and secondly to analyse the results from the realization of the technique through the use of a computer.