The whole work deals with problems of crisis intervention concentrated on a specific area of working place in the telephone line of confidence. This work includes the theory concerning our theme, from the general characteristics of crises to crisis intervention. Further it engages in the telephonic crisis intervention. It explains main rules of crisis intervention and deals with suicidal themes and questions of ethics. The whole work contains the description, classification, comparison and summary of information and facts. In the conclusion, it focuses on the possibilities and limitations during communication between both parts of telephone calls.

This diploma thesis deals with the methodology of teaching safety instructions in Health Education classes in schools. The theoretical part defines the key concepts of the subject. Subsequently, based on a research of a variety of academic sources, this thesis describes people protection and safety, both in emergency situations and everyday life safety hazards, taught in schools on primary and lower secondary level throughout the history up to the present. It also discusses the incorporation of this subject into the national curriculum. Furthermore, the thesis contains a concise overview of available teaching aids suitable for lesson preparation. In addition, the analysis of the present situation pertaining safety education in Czech schools, based on the audit data provided by the Department of Czech Educational Inspection, is introduced. The goal of the practical part of this work was the execution of a quantitative study, looking into the evaluation of the course Preparatory Training Proceeding Practical Teaching in the year 2019/2020. The evaluation was supplied by the participants of this course - the students of the Faculty of Education of Charles University. A survey was carried out, by means of a questionnaire, with a unanimous approval of the course, which the students viewed as beneficial....

School readiness for an emergency situation should be one of the basic priorities for all employers and employees of these facilities. For this purpose, there was implemented a questionnaire survey with three types of questionnaires a questionnaire for school principals, teachers and students. The theoretical part deals with of legislative definition of emergency situation and terminology of concepts such as safety or emergency, emergency situation, an emergency threat, rescue and liquidation work, crisis situations, integrated rescue system, protection of the population and evacuation. Another chapter is the concept of public protection teaching , which is divided into periods before 1989 and after 1989. Within chapters population protection before 1989, we may include terms such as antiaircraft civil protection, civil defense and military training the concept of . Teaching in area of the population for emergencies in the Czech Republic after 1989 is divided into preschool education, elementary education, secondary education and university education. This chapter included preventive educational activities directed at the desired target group. Further chapters in the theoretical part of the thesis are Protection of Population and Concept of Population Protection. The last chapter was focused on the current state of schools in the Czech Republic, in the South Bohemian Region and in the city České Budějovice. The target of the research part was to assess the readiness of selected schools in the emergency situation. For the purpose of research were developed three types of questionnaires. The first questionnaire was designed for school principals and contained 26 questions. Questions have closed answers. The beginning of the questionnaire characterizes the research sample. Followed by the thematic block that deals with the evacuation plan and the subsequent evacuation. Further questions are aimed to asses the readiness of schools, teachers and students for the emergency situation. The last questions asks whether directors ward appreciated to retrain the teachers in the area of Human Protection in emergency situation. The second questionnaire was intended for teachers. It included 34 questions and was organized into two thematic sections. The questionnaire was a combination of open and closed questions. The beginning of the questionnaire characterizes the research sample. The first thematic section discusses about the evacuation plan, how often it is performed evacuation training, whether the school is working with the Integrated Rescue System, whether the students are acquainted with the recommended behavior when an emergency event is and how, whether teachers participate in training to protect the population, or which training or thematic area should bet he best for them. The second thematic section was focused on the teacher knowledges. The third questionnaire was for students and included 28 questions. The first three questions were used to gather information about the respondent. After the questionnaire was focused on the students' knowledge in the area of civil protection, fire protection, first aid, release of radioactive and chemical substances. Each area contained four questions. Another 3 questions were focused on the knowledge of phone numbers which students should know in case of emergency. The last issues examined whether and how they were pupils and students introduced with the recommended behavior in the course of an emergency event.In case of school principals was used as a qualitative method PAPI - Paper and Pen Interviewing. This method is based on personal interviews in which respondents' answers recorded in a printed, standardized questionnaire. In The questionnaire for teachers and students was used a quantitative methods of questionnaire survey. All results were entered into the Excel program, which is a part of the Microsoft Office software package and evaluated in graphs.

In order to see if, and how, future aid efforts can be improved and better contribute to a more sustainable and resilient society this essay is about how management of solid waste generated in emergency situations work and what effects the waste have on public health. This is investigated using information collected from secondary sources and interviews with three persons who have knowledge and experience in the subject. Health and sustainability are of importance in the guidelines that deal with management of waste in disaster situations. However, there are no documentations of real experiences of disaster waste impacts on human health. Even so the waste might contaminate drinking water and increase the amount of disease-carrying vectors in the area. Previous conditions in the country, low priority of waste and information to the public are some of the main features preventing optimal function of a sustainable and healthy waste management. / För att se om och hur framtida biståndsinsatser kan förbättras och i större utsträckning bidra till ett mer hållbart och motståndskraftigt samhälle handlar denna uppsats om hur hanteringen av katastrofavfall fungerar och vilka effekter detta avfall har på människors hälsa. Detta undersöks med hjälp av information som samlats in från sekundärkällor samt intervjuer med tre personer som har kunskap och erfarenhet i ämnet. Hälsa och hållbarhet är av betydelse i de riktlinjer som behandlar hantering av avfall i katastrofsituationer. Trots att inga verkliga erfarenheter av katastrofavfalls effekter på människors hälsa finns dokumenterade kan avfallet förorena dricksvatten och öka mängden smittspridande vektorer i området. Tidigare förhållanden i området, låg prioritet av avfall och dålig information till allmänheten är några av de viktigaste funktionerna som förhindrar optimal funktion av en hållbar och sund avfallshantering.

The aim of this study was to identify and evaluate the opinion of South Bohemian region inhabitants on activities of the Integrated Rescue System (IRS) other emergency services in rescue and relief work in emergency situations and find out the resulting level of inhabitants safety. The whole study was designed to analyze the data collected by questionnaire survey and to obtain relevant information about the opinion of the South Bohemian region inhabitants on the work of the Army of the Czech Republic, the Czech Red Cross and the municipal police within IRS. A questionnaire survey seemed to be the best way how to get relevant information. The pilot study helped to identify the three other emergency services of IRS in the opinion of the inhabitants. At a subsequent questionnaire survey the research sample was 50 respondents from each of seven South Bohemian districts, a total of 350 respondents from districts České Budějovice, Český Krumlov, Jindřichův Hradec, Písek, Prachatice, Strakonice and Tábor. The results of this research show that three quarters of respondents do not exactly know the term "other emergency services of IRS", despite the fact that some of the respondents have personal experience with the intervention of some other emergency services of IRS during an emergency situation. So it can be concluded that the South Bohemian region inhabitants have more awareness of the IRS as a whole, but they are no longer sufficiently familiar with its structure. To increase the level of knowledge about the structure of the IRS?s components I recommend to include more detailed information about this topic in the primary school curriculum. It also proposes to increase public awareness about IRS structure through media campaigns. Activities of the Army of the Czech Republic within IRS were judged as very helpful and on quite sufficient level. Individuals who have had personal experience with - 5 - the intervention of soldiers such as rescue, relief work and evacuation, evaluate their help as efficient and very professional. The personal experience with the help of the Czech Red Cross in emergency situations (especially floods) has one quarter of respondents. Red Cross Humanitarian units helped in these cases mainly with the provision of emergency accommodation and catering. Czech Red Cross was also focused on the collecting and distributing of humanitarian aid. Almost 86% of respondents judged these activities as very professional and efficient. Respondents are not convinced about sufficiently help of municipal police in the case of emergency situation. Some of them rate it as rather weak. Likewise, they considered that each municipal police in South Bohemian region have some reserves in facilities such as car park. However, 41% of respondents agree that the quality of the activities of this emergency service is increasing in the last few years. My recommendation in this case refers to an increase in the number of service cars. Based on the obtained data, the ranking of other emergency services of IRS was compiled according to their significance in respondents? opinion. On the first three positions are these emergency service - Army of the Czech Republic, municipal police, Czech Red Cross. Summary of the obtained information indicates a positive finding that the three analyzed other emergency services of IRS are very helpful in protection of health, life and property of the inhabitants of South Bohemian region within the IRS activities. However, I believe that my recommendations presented in this study may contribute to further improving the performance of the three analyzed emergency services so that their perception of the South Bohemian region inhabitants can achieve an even higher level in the future.

My work deals with difficulties that can arise when firemen supply psychological first aid to victims in emergency situations. The theoretical part is divided into three sections, issues firemen face during procedures, supplying psychological first aid and communication. Furthermore, I discuss issues concerning stress, listening, influencing, specific communication regarding emergency situations and communication with the physically disabled. The practical part contains the results of questionnaires aimed at obtaining the knowledge and opinions of firemen dealing with psychological first aid to emergency victims. My conclusion submits proposals about learning methods for firemen dealing with psychological first aid.

This abstract introduces the wearable-based alerting system for emergency situations for both disabled and non-disabled individuals. The system sends advanced technology to detect various emergencies like fire alerts, flood alerts, outside air contamination etc, for the emergency services and it gives a signal in the form of vibration for the user. AdafruitIO is a platform created to show, react to, and interact with the data from the project. The most important problem statement revolves around the need for an inclusive and green emergency alert machine that caters to the various desires of people, which include people with disabilities. The device’s primary objective is to ensure the protection and nicely-being of users in emergency scenarios. To address this problem, a wearable device is utilized as a verbal exchange interface between the user and the emergency services. The device is prepared with signal receiving capable of detecting precise emergency occasions, together with modifications in high-quality air or strange environmental conditions. When an emergency is detected, the device promptly sends a signal to the applicable emergency services, ensuring a quick reaction. The findings of this research focus on the effectiveness and reliability of the wearable-primarily based alerting machine. Through rigorous testing and assessment, it has been validated that the machine can as it should come across a huge variety of emergency situations, making certain well-timed communication with emergency services. In conclusion, this study provides a wearable-based totally alerting device that addresses the desires of both disabled and non-disabled people in emergency conditions. By exploiting advanced technology and the AdafruitIO platform, the device presents actual-time indicators to emergency services even as turning in spontaneous feedback to the user. This modern answer enhances basic safety and inclusivity through important activities, supplying a promising future for emergency response systems.

Bakgrund: Förordningen (EU) nr 536/2014 artikel 35 reglerar kliniska prövningar i akuta situationer. Lagen gäller inom EU/EES sedan januari 2022 och tillåter inkludering av kritiskt sjuka patienter med uppskjutet informerat samtycke, vilket innebär att den första prövningsspecifika interventionen görs innan försökspersonen eller deras juridiska ombud samtycker till deltagande i prövningen.  Syfte: Syftet med projektet är att beskriva de kliniska prövningar som sökts i akuta situationer sedan starten av den nya EU-förordningen om kliniska prövningar fram till den 15 september 2023. Metoder: Informationssystem för kliniska prövningar (CTIS) och konfidentiella databaser vid Läkemedelsverket användes för att samla in information om de sökta kliniska prövningarna enligt den nya förordningen. Resultat: Alla prövningar som definierats av sponsorn som involverade akuta situationer identifierades, omfattande 32 unika kliniska prövningar. Efter att ha analyserat ansökningsunderlagen och granskningar av medlemsstaterna, visade sig endast två tredjedelar av de inlämnade försöken involvera verkliga medicinska nödsituationer. En av dessa försöksansökningar avslogs, tre drogs tillbaka eller besvarades inte inom den maximala tiden för sponsorns feedback på frågor. Slutsatser: Den nya förordningen om kliniska prövningar tillåter forskning om akuta medicinska tillstånd som tidigare har varit uteslutna i de flesta EU/EES-medlemsstater. Det är viktigt för sponsorer att bekräfta att alla krav i artikel 35 är uppfyllda innan en klinisk prövning definieras som en klinisk prövning i en akut situation. Medlemsstaterna bör lära av varandra om hur rättsliga ombud för försökspersoner utses.

This dissertation is about outreach care service in the Czech republic, its history and present situation including the history of legislation. The next mention is about standards of quality social services which are legal obligation. The significant part is to treatise of emergency situations in care service in close link to care service and its survey of its frequency of approaches of carers workers and their solutions. In conclusion there is an aim to suggest universal set of methods how to deal with these situations.

Actualmente, una de las necesidades y trabajos en los que las escuelas deben poner más énfasis, es en la atención de las posibles situaciones de riesgo a los que se enfrenta, todo ello en base al liderazgo de un director que sepa saber abordar este problema. Ahora, esta situación ocurre debido a que por lo general son espacios en los que directamente recae el impacto de una comunidad la cual hace que esta entre en contexto y se encuentren vulnerables al riesgo o situación de emergencia. Para ello, se define el liderazgo directivo como aquella persona que mantiene los sistemas de comunicación y participación de la comunidad educativa para generar un cambio cultural y asumir la responsabilidad pública de los resultados (Uribe, 2007). En esa misma línea, se entiende por el plan de gestión de riesgos como un proceso social en el cual reducen, previenen y controlan el riesgo de desastre de una comunidad para el cual se formulan e implementan estrategias, acciones e instrumentos (Lavell, 2006). Para finalizar, se ha identificado que la buena ejecución del plan de Gestión del Riesgo va a depender del buen liderazgo del director con el apoyo y participación de todos los miembros de las institución. / Currently, one of the most important jobs that schools need to emphasize on is the need for attention to the possible risk situations that they face, all based on the leadership of a director who knows how to deal with this type of problem. Now, this situation tends to occur since these are generally spaces in which the impact the community falls directly onto them, which makes them enter into context and are subjects to being vulnerable to any risk or an emergency situation. To do this, directive leadership is defined as a person who is capable of maintaining communication and participation systems of the educational community to then generate cultural change and assume public responsibility for the results in the institution (Uribe, 2007). Along the same lines, the Risk Management plan is understood as a social process in which they reduce, prevent and control the risk of disaster in a community for which strategies, actions and instruments have been formulated and implemented previously (Lavell, 2006). All in all, it has been identified that the good execution of the Risk Management plan will depend on the good leadership of the director alongside the support and participation of all the institutional members. / Trabajo de investigación