Le 5 juillet 1830, Husayn dey signe une reddition. Alger tombe aux mains de la puissance conquérante, et, mécaniquement, les Algériens sont dits français. Cette automaticité de la nationalité tire sa force d'un principe général du droit des gens : l'État annexant attribue sa nationalité aux sujets dont l'État annexé disparaît en tant que sujet de droit international. Cette mécanique du droit est aussi une charge narrative toute contenue dans cet énoncé : les Algériens sont français. Or, pour impérative que soit la formule, d'un strict point de vue juridique, elle n'en demeure pas moins un raccourci historique que je me propose d'examiner. L'examen de la question de la nationalité des Algériens fixés à l'étranger, principalement dans l'empire ottoman, restitue au moment 1830 son caractère premier : son indétermination. Ce déplacement de la pensée dans la migration pose la colonie comme un arbitraire narratif, cet après-coup écrasant ce moment d'indéterminations. Réinscrire les conflits de nationalité dans leurs dimensions internationales donne à voir tout ce que le droit de la nationalité a de pragmatique dans l'essai de définition de l'Algérien, sujet français. Nous interrogeons le droit et ses récits comme opérateur d'une transaction historique, et, partant tentons de mesurer l'incidence du droit sur nos historiographies. L'examen attentif de suppliques en nationalité permet alors de raconter une autre histoire, déduite non plus des énoncés élémentaires du droit mais du droit en action et en contexte. / On July 5th, 1830, Dey Husayn surrendered. Alger fell to the hands of the conquering power and, mechanically, Algerian were said to be French. This automatic granting of nationality emanated from a general principle of the law: the annexing State grants its nationality to the subjects whose State disappears as an object of international law. Such mechanics of the law also held a narrative power expressed in this statement: Algerians were French. No matter how imperious the formula was legally, it nevertheless accomplished a historical leap that I offer to re-explore. Examining the question of the nationality of Algerians established abroad, principally in the Ottoman Empire, renders to the moment of 1830 its initial dimension: that of indetermination. The intellectual displacement created by studying migration reveals the colony as a narrative arbitrary, an after-the-fact that crushes the moment of indeterminations. Re­exploring conflicts of nationality in their international dimensions reveals the pragmatic aspect of the law on nationality when it comes to defining the Algerian as a French subject. This work questions the law and its narratives as the operator of a historical transaction and it aims to explore the impact of the law on our historiographies. The careful examination of petitions for nationality allows to tell another story, a story no longer produced from elementary statements of the law, but from the law in action and in context.

This thesis explores the relations between the Druze emir Fakhr al-Din II Ma'n and three successive Medici Grand Dukes between 1605 and 1633. Eschewing traditional historiographical concerns with the origins of Lebanese nationalism and the cultural encounter between East and West, I have sought first and above all to locate relations between this powerful emir and the Court of Tuscany within the broader context of Mediterranean history. / I suggest that the actions of Fakhr al-Din and of the Medici Grand Dukes have to be understood in relation to broad, long-term trends in the economic and social history of the Mediterranean. I explore two of these trends in detail: the breakdown in commercial and diplomatic relations between Florence (and then Tuscany) and the Ottoman empire during the course of the sixteenth century; the bargaining between the Porte and provincial power-holders in the Syrian provinces in the century following the Ottoman conquest.

This thesis addresses the current, ever-developing framework of rules governing trading in the most widespread financial instrument - OTC derivatives. The main objective of the thesis is to analyse the current state of the regulation of trading in OTC derivatives within the EU - namely, the EMIR Regulation. Subsequently, it examines whether the legal framework has been set up properly and effectively, and explores what steps should be taken in the near future in order to improve it. Given that the subject of this thesis is much more of an economic than a legal nature, its first part introduces OTC derivatives as a concept, and the specifics of trading in them. The second part examines the status of OTC derivatives within the financial market over time, starting from their modern-day beginnings in the 1990s, through their role in the global financial crisis of 2007 and 2008, to the current issues related to them. The main part of the thesis is devoted to the EMIR Regulation, its scope of application, and in particular the three main obligations which EMIR introduces in relation to OTC derivatives. These comprise, firstly, the obligation to perform a central clearing through central counterparties; secondly, the obligation to observe specific risk mitigation techniques for OTC derivative contracts...

This diploma thesis deals with the impact of legislation on information system in a particular bank institution. Based on the proposal of European Market Infrastructure Regulation it identifies areas where the bank institution does not fulfill the regulation requirements. The thesis also tries to suggest existing processes adjustment and guarantee for them the support of information systems. During the existing processes investigation it discovers other weaknesses and suggests solutions leading to their elimination. These solutions would also lead to acceleration and increase in efficiency within the Straightthrough Processing model. The thesis devotes to all points of European regulation which should be fulfilled in the bank institution's point of view. First the current situation and then the solution of the particular point are mentioned. The thesis looks more detailed into central clearing. There are analyzed possible options in the process point of view. The impacts on the information system are specified for the chosen and most appropriate option. In order to secure the compact understanding of investigated issues, the thesis includes relations of European Market Infrastructure Regulation to the BASEL III concept, regulation supervision authorities in the European Union or introduction to functioning and core of financial derivatives.

No description available.

At the close of the eighth century the third of the Umawi amirs ascended the throne of al-Andalus to be greeted immediately by a rebellion in one of his major towns. This set the stage for a reign which was filled with rebellion and unrest. The border Marches revolted as their governors sought to make themselves independent, a mob of his subjects stormed his palace in Cordoba and almost succeeded in capturing it, he was jeered at when he walked through the streets of Cordoba to the mosque, and at one point he uncovered a plot involving some of the leading scholars in the country to depose him and replace him with his cousin. [...]

Il presente lavoro si propone di analizzare in una prospettiva funzionale la nuova disciplina dei contratti derivati over the counter introdotta in Europa con il Regolamento 648/2012 (EMIR) e in USA con il Dodd-Frank Act, con l’obbiettivo di metterne in luce punti di forza e di debolezza. Per perseguire compiutamente detto obiettivo, la tesi propone un percorso logico che parte dall’approfondimento delle cause economico-giuridiche che hanno favorito il propagarsi degli effetti negativi della crisi, che successivamente si sofferma sulle possibili risposte normative ai problemi posti dagli strumenti derivati. Infine, l’analisi si termina sottolineando gli aspetti problematici legati all’effettività della nuova disciplina, soprattutto alla luce delle policy dynamic che si sviluppano intorno al lungo procedimento di approvazione di norme complesse. / This dissertation aims at analyzing, with a functional approach, the new regulations of over the counter derivatives introduced in Europe with the 648/2012 Regulation (EMIR) and in the US under the Dodd-Frank Act, with the goal to underlying the strengths and weaknesses. To fully achieve this objective, the thesis proposes a logical path that starts from the deepening of economic and legal causes that have favored the spread of the negative effects of the crisis, then focuses on possible regulatory responses to the problems posed by derivatives. Finally, the analysis ends pointing out the problematic aspects related to the effectiveness of the new rules, especially in light of the policy dynamic developed during the long process of approval of these complex rules.

La thèse porte sur deux aspects interdisciplinaires de la science à savoir : les études critiques et l’histoire (particulièrement celle du Mali). L’aspect études critique est écrit en arabe, il étudie la plus volumineuse et la plus intéressante correspondance échangée entre Shaykh Sīdī Ahmad al-Bakkay Kunta et le dernier émir du Macina (Amadou Amadou). Ce manuscrit traite de la majeure partie des différends qui opposaient les deux protagonistes particulièrement, mais aussi, les sujets brûlants entre les .deux familles en général. Elle est la réponse à une première correspondance envoyée par Amadou Amadou, bien que nous n’ayons pas retrouvé la copie, la réponse de Sīdī al-Bakkay en retrace les grandes lignes et y répond.L’aspect histoire se focalise sur l’étude d’une zone restreinte locale, ensuite prend ses sources naturellement dans les manuscrits inédits de l’Institut Ahmad Baba de Tombouctou (IHERIAB). Il s’agit de discuter de la nature, de l’importance des rapports Kunta Peuls et leur évolution durant la période 1818-1864, qui résume la vie de l’empire théocratique de Hamdallaye. Ce jeune Etat dès sa naissance n’a pas hésité à prendre possession de deux pôles de commandements religieux et commerciaux, sous l’autorité de trois émirs, ensuite lance sa conquête sur la ville de Tombouctou et ses environnants. Cette période n’a pas manqué d’être mouvante ; sans oublier le poids de la présence Touareg dans la création de cette complicité. Pour bien cerner la question, il importe justement de rappeler le climat politique du delta central du Niger pendant les années finissantes du XVIIIe siècle et avant 1818 et de montrer comment ce contexte a permis l’émergence des Kunta et leur suprématie à Tombouctou. Les Kunta ont été à la fois porteurs d’un message religieux traditionnel et acteurs politiques dans la sous-région, cette double responsabilité ne les laisse pas indifférents face aux événements de cette époque. Les contenus de ces correspondances, adressées à diverses personnalités de différentes communautés, relatent la postérité de leurs actions entreprises dans le règlement de ces oppositions, témoignent de leur rôle joué dans la recherche de la stabilité et d’un climat de paix et de dialogue dans cette partie de la boucle du Niger. Ces correspondances venant des Shaykh-s Kunta ou des émirs peuls du Macina, ainsi que celles reçues de leurs auxiliaires traitent différents sujets de la vie quotidienne : Des appels à la justice, la meilleure gestion et la bonne gouvernance, des conseils, prêches et des plaidoiries, aux textes administratifs, politiques et jurisconsultes, en passant par les récits de menaces physiques et violences verbales, en allant jusqu’aux médiations, réconciliations et présentations de condoléances etc. / This thesis deals with two interdisciplinary aspects of science, namely critical studies and history (particularly the history of Mali). The section devoted to critical studies is written in Arabic and examines the most substantial and most interesting piece of correspondence exchanged between Shaykh Sīdī Ahmad al-Bakkay Kunta and the last Emir of Macina (Amadou Amadou). This manuscript deals with most of the differences which opposed the two protagonists, in particular, as well as dealing, more generally, with the burning issues concerning the two families. It was the reply to a first piece of correspondence sent by Amadou Amadou, which we have been unable to find although Sīdī al-Bakkay outlined its content in this reply.The historical aspect focuses on the study of a limited local zone. The sources are naturally the unpublished manuscripts of the Ahmad Baba Institute in Timbuktu (IHERIAB). In essence, this section of the thesis discusses the nature and importance of the Kunta - Peuls relationships and their evolution during the period 1818-1864 – a summary of the theocratic empire of Hamdallaye. From its birth, under the authority of three emirs, this young state unhesitatingly took control of religious leadership and commerce before invading Timbuktu and the surrounding area. The period was turbulent and the creation of this complicity was heavily influenced by the Tuareg presence. A proper apprehension of the subject requires one to bear in mind the political climate of the central Niger delta from the end of the 18th century to 1818 and how this context enabled the emergence of the Kunta and their supremacy in Timbuktu.The Kunta were both bearers of a traditional religious message and political figures in this sub-region. This double responsibility meant that they were not mere spectators of the events of the period, events tainted with interminable conflicts and a multitude of unexpected disputes. The content of this correspondence sent to various figures in different communities recounts the actions undertaken to settle these conflicts and shows the role played by the Kunta in the quest for dialogue and a peaceful climate in this area along the Niger.The letters comprising this correspondence written by Shaykh-s Kunta or the Peul Emirs of Macina as well as the letters received from their auxiliaries dealt with various subjects of daily life: appeals for justice, calls for better administration and good governance, advice, sermons and pleas, administrative, political and jurisconsult texts, tales of physical and verbal violence, mediations, reconciliations and the presenting of condolences etc.

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Dans ce mémoire, les transformations historiques des Balkans après 1989 s'articulent selon l'axe principal de la transition démocratique dans un contexte post-communiste et s'observent à travers trois thèmes principaux que sont la transition inachevée des Balkans et la transition ratée de l'ex-Yougoslavie, la montée des nationalismes à caractère ethnique et finalement l'éclatement de la guerre, synonyme de l'échec de l'ex-Yougoslavie. À travers un discours très souvent poétique et imagé, trois cinéastes nous proposent leurs représentations de ces transformations. Avec la méthode de O'Connor, qui étudie le film comme représentation de l'histoire, Le regard d'Ulysse, Before the Rain et Underground sont analysés et démontrent leur pertinence à évoquer les thèmes de ce mémoire. Les cinéastes nous représentent les bouleversements des Balkans en mettant en scène les manifestations de la transition démocratique difficile plutôt que ses causes historiques. Il existe donc un écart entre le discours filmique et l'analyse historienne. / Québec Université Laval, Bibliothèque 2013