Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T14:56:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2009 - Flavio Silva Machado.pdf: 1243667 bytes, checksum: a4dcd3f6ca4e213e694088f27e855547 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-11-27 / The main aim of this paper is to check the environmental and economical gains of mixtures of fines of vegetal and mineral coal (both Brazilian and imported ones) in the injection in blast furnaces for iron, aiming its use as fuel, the lowering of carbon emission rates, the trading of Reduced Emission Certificates and also restart the production of Brazilian mineral coal for the steel making industry. It was used vegetal coal from Eucalyptus urophylla woods (CVSG). The mineral coal was from Australia and Indonesia (S.Walker Creek Weak and Kaltim Prima coals) and the Brazilian mineral coals from the several coal mines located in the south of Brazil, such as: coal CRM-CE4200 (CN1), coal CRM-CE6700 (CN2), coal COPELMICE5200 (CN3), coal COPELMI-CE6000 (CN4), coal COPELMI-CE6500 (CN5), Carbon?fera Metropolitana-Antracito-CM20 (CN6) and Rio Deserto mineral coal (CN7). The results of elementary and immediate chemical analyses were evaluated as well as the analyses of coal ash components, the binary basicity of scraps, the size of grains, the grindability and the density and porosity of the coals. Vegetal coal fines were mixed to mineral coal fines from abroad and from Brazil in different proportions and the main characteristics of each mix were evaluated; such characteristics are important when the injection in blast furnaces is made. (operational limits). It was also evaluated the efficiency in burning of each coal mix. Having the combustion efficiency rates as base, the 80% mix CVSG 20% CN1 presented the best conditions to be injected in the blast furnace tuyeres. This mix also presented favorable environmental conditions because it allowed the lowering of carbon emission rates, as much as 41,26 kilos per ton of produced pig iron. Such rates improved the trading of Reduced Emission Certificates to US$ 0.86/ton of produced iron. Moreover, there was a reduction in the injection of coal fines of US$ 1.20/ton of iron. Adding up environmental and economical gains, using the 80 % CVSG 20 % CN1 mix, the amount of US$ 2.06/ton of iron is reached. / O objetivo geral deste trabalho foi avaliar os ganhos ambientais e econ?micos, de misturas de finos carv?o vegetal com carv?o mineral (importado e nacional), atrav?s da inje??o em alto forno, visando o aproveitamento de matriz energ?tica, a redu??o dos ?ndices de emiss?es de carbono, a comercializa??o de Certificados de Emiss?es Reduzidas e tamb?m a retomada da produ??o de carv?o mineral nacional para o setor sider?rgico. Foram utilizados carv?o vegetal proveniente da madeira de Eucalytus urophylla (CVSG), carv?es minerais importados da Austr?lia e Indon?sia (carv?o S. Walker Creek Weak e carv?o Kaltim Prima) e carv?es minerais nacionais provenientes de diferentes minas localizadas na Regi?o Sul do Brasil, a saber: carv?o CRM-CE4200 (CN1), carv?o CRM-CE6700 (CN2), carv?o COPELMI-CE5200 (CN3), carv?o COPELMI-CE6000 (CN4), carv?o COPELMI-CE6500 (CN5), Carbon?fera Metropolitana-Antracito-CM20 (CN6) e Carv?o mineral Rio Deserto CN7). Foram avaliados os resultados das an?lises qu?micas imediata e elementar, bem como da composi??o das cinzas dos carv?es; da basicidade bin?ria das esc?rias; da granulometria, da moabilidade, da densidade e da porosidade dos carv?es. Finos de carv?es vegetais foram misturados com finos de carv?o mineral importado e nacional em diferentes propor??es, sendo avaliadas as principais caracter?sticas das misturas que s?o importantes quando se procede a inje??o no alto forno sider?rgico (limites operacionais). Para cada mistura foi avaliada tamb?m as efici?ncias de queima dos carv?es. Tendo-se por base os ?ndices de efici?ncia de combust?o das misturas de carv?es, a mistura 80 % CVSG 20 % CN1 apresentou melhores condi??es para ser injetada nas ventaneiras do alto forno. Apresentou tamb?m condi??es ambientais favor?veis, pois permitiu redu??o dos ?ndices de emiss?es de carbono na ordem de 41,26 kg por tonelada de ferro gusa produzido e favorecendo a comercializa??o dos Certificados de Emiss?es Reduzidas em US$ 0,86 por tonelada de ferro produzido. Houve tamb?m uma redu??o do custo de inje??o de finos de carv?o de US$ 1,20 por tonelada de ferro produzido. Somando os ganhos ambientais e comerciais com a mistura 80 % CVSG 20 % CN1 ser?o US$ 2,06 por tonelada de ferro produzido.

L'analyse statistique des données a été effectuée avec le logiciel R. / Au cours de la dernière décennie, l'Union Européenne a instauré une réglementation environnementale afin de limiter les émissions de Gaz à Effet de Serre sur son territoire. Ceci a contribué à la mise en place d'un marché du carbone européen (EU ETS) où s'échangent des certificats d'émission de CO2 (les EUA et les CER) ainsi que des produits dérivés reliés à ceux-ci. Ce mémoire aura pour objectif d'évaluer et de comparer différents modèles afin de représenter le prix des certificats d'émission et de tarifer les produits dérivés des marchés du carbone. / During the last decade, the European Union has regulated emissions of Greenhouse Gases on its own territory. Consequently, a European Carbon Market (EU ETS) is currently emerging where CO2 emission certificates (EUA and CER) and derivatives are traded on Exchanges. The objectif of this research is to evaluate and compare different models to represent the emission certificates' price and to price derivatives of the carbon markets.

Au cours de la dernière décennie, l'Union Européenne a instauré une réglementation environnementale afin de limiter les émissions de Gaz à Effet de Serre sur son territoire. Ceci a contribué à la mise en place d'un marché du carbone européen (EU ETS) où s'échangent des certificats d'émission de CO2 (les EUA et les CER) ainsi que des produits dérivés reliés à ceux-ci. Ce mémoire aura pour objectif d'évaluer et de comparer différents modèles afin de représenter le prix des certificats d'émission et de tarifer les produits dérivés des marchés du carbone. / During the last decade, the European Union has regulated emissions of Greenhouse Gases on its own territory. Consequently, a European Carbon Market (EU ETS) is currently emerging where CO2 emission certificates (EUA and CER) and derivatives are traded on Exchanges. The objectif of this research is to evaluate and compare different models to represent the emission certificates' price and to price derivatives of the carbon markets. / L'analyse statistique des données a été effectuée avec le logiciel R.