The present investigation examined how the sex of participants (male or female), and the emotion expressed (sadness, joy, or anger) by a hypothetical character (male or female) affected the participants' reactions to the character. Ratings were obtained from 66 male and 66 female college students on: 1) causal attributions, 2) behavior-gender congruence, 3) adjustment in school work and friendships, 4) adjustment in sexuality and in handling emotional needs, and 5) personal acceptance as acquaintance, co-worker, and close friend. It was anticipated that male characters expressing sadness or joy would receive greater negative evaluations_ than their female counterparts, particularly from female raters. Similar reactions were predicted for male and female characters expressing anger. A multivariate analysis of variance was perfcrmed on the data, while eight planed comparisons tested the experimental hypotheses using Duari's procedure. Post-hoc analyses utilized Tukey's procedure.The findings revealed that for each emotion expressed there were no significant differences in ratings either due to participant, or character sex, with one exception. The expression of joy was judged by all subjects as more inappropriate for the male than the female character. Post-hoc analyses indicated the expressions of sadness and joy as more appropriate than the expression of anger, leading to lower acceptance of the latter character. The characters expressing sadness were also seen as more adjusted in school work and friendships than either the characters expressing joy or anger. The validity and generalizability of these findings were discussed in light of previous research.Recommendations for future investigations in this area include the use of mixed-sex character dyads and nonprivate interaction contexts, consideration of how genderincongruent behaviors are defined, and utilization of unobtrusive and behavioral measures along with attitudinal ones.

No description available.

The purpose of the study is to determine how coaching can be used effectively to improve instruction and student achievement while exploring teachers’ specific emotions during mathematics education reform initiatives that challenge the teacher’s beliefs about teaching and learning in mathematics. It also examines how teachers incorporate the reform changes into their practice in order for the new instructional practices to have the expected effect. I explored teacher learning which refers to the correct use of reform strategies by mathematics teachers so that they have the intended effects on student achievement with the support of a coach during reform initiatives. Through questionnaires, interviews, observations and archival material, the study determines the relationship between teachers’ specific emotions, teacher learning and teacher coaching in secondary school mathematics classrooms. As a result, the study highlights the issues associated with the implementation of mathematics education reform initiatives and implications. The findings show that mathematics education reforms produce emotional responses that can be described as both negative and positive. For example, some emotions include pride, joy, fear, feeling drained and ineffective. The four teachers in the study experienced these emotions because of factors such as a lack of knowledge of how to implement mathematics reform, beliefs about teaching and learning in mathematics that were inconsistent with the reform initiatives, the nature of coaching, and gains in student achievement and engagement. They also experienced negative emotions because of favorable in-school factors such as an administration that supported teacher efforts to implement mathematics reforms. The study shows that: a) coaching may not help teachers reconstruct their professional self-understanding when it fails to address their self-image issues; b) teacher learning may occur even when the teacher’s beliefs are inconsistent with reform initiatives; and c) even when teacher learning results from coaching, reforms do not present themselves as expected in the classroom. Coaches experienced positive and negative emotions as a result of how well the reforms were being implemented by teachers. The experiences of the two coaches during mathematics reforms indicate a need to support coaches as they help teachers use the reform strategies. The directions for future research are described.

The purpose of the study is to determine how coaching can be used effectively to improve instruction and student achievement while exploring teachers’ specific emotions during mathematics education reform initiatives that challenge the teacher’s beliefs about teaching and learning in mathematics. It also examines how teachers incorporate the reform changes into their practice in order for the new instructional practices to have the expected effect. I explored teacher learning which refers to the correct use of reform strategies by mathematics teachers so that they have the intended effects on student achievement with the support of a coach during reform initiatives. Through questionnaires, interviews, observations and archival material, the study determines the relationship between teachers’ specific emotions, teacher learning and teacher coaching in secondary school mathematics classrooms. As a result, the study highlights the issues associated with the implementation of mathematics education reform initiatives and implications. The findings show that mathematics education reforms produce emotional responses that can be described as both negative and positive. For example, some emotions include pride, joy, fear, feeling drained and ineffective. The four teachers in the study experienced these emotions because of factors such as a lack of knowledge of how to implement mathematics reform, beliefs about teaching and learning in mathematics that were inconsistent with the reform initiatives, the nature of coaching, and gains in student achievement and engagement. They also experienced negative emotions because of favorable in-school factors such as an administration that supported teacher efforts to implement mathematics reforms. The study shows that: a) coaching may not help teachers reconstruct their professional self-understanding when it fails to address their self-image issues; b) teacher learning may occur even when the teacher’s beliefs are inconsistent with reform initiatives; and c) even when teacher learning results from coaching, reforms do not present themselves as expected in the classroom. Coaches experienced positive and negative emotions as a result of how well the reforms were being implemented by teachers. The experiences of the two coaches during mathematics reforms indicate a need to support coaches as they help teachers use the reform strategies. The directions for future research are described.

No description available.

What does driving a sports car have to do with a first kiss, shopping in New York or purchasing a pair of designer shoes? These comparisons were used in a recent ad campaign for the Alfa Romeo Spider and are prime examples of an experiential analogy. The predominance of experiential analogies in recent advertisements suggests that they are persuasive. Yet understanding what comes to mind when consumers process these comparisons remains to be investigated. By drawing on analogy and consumption experience literatures, an important moderator of analogical persuasiveness is identified, preference for the base experience, and the influence of emotional knowledge transfer on consumer attitudes is explored. Substantial focus has been devoted to understanding how consumers learn and are persuaded by functional analogies. Digital cameras have been compared to computer scanners, personal digital assistants to secretaries and off-line web readers to VCRs. These functional analogies differ substantially from experiential analogies where consumers are encouraged to compare two experiences. Three studies were conducted to investigate what contributes to the persuasive effect of an experiential analogy. Study 1 explored how base preference moderates the effect of emotional knowledge transfer on consumer attitudes. The findings suggest that an analogy is maximally persuasive for those who like the experience that an advertised product is compared to and cognitively associate a high number of emotions with the advertised product. In Study 2, a cognitive load manipulation was used to provide additional support for the effect of emotional knowledge transfer and base preference on consumer attitudes. Study 3 explored another important moderator, emotional soundness, specific to the persuasiveness of an experiential analogy. The findings from Study 3 further replicated the effect of base preference and emotional knowledge transfer on consumer attitudes and demonstrate that there needs to be sufficient underlying similarities in order for one to infer that the comparison experience and the advertised target product would have emotions in common with one another. The role of affect in the processing of an experiential analogy was also investigated.

Thesis (MCommerce)--University of South Australia, 2002.

Thesis (PhDPsychology)--University of South Australia, 2002.

Thesis (M.A.)--York University, 2005. Graduate Programme in Psychology. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 105-117). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:MR19652

Thesis (MSD(Spelterapie))-Universiteit van Pretoria, 2006. / Abstract in English and Afrikaans. Includes bibliographical references. Available on the Internet via the World Wide Web.