The purpose of this study was to determine employees' attitudes and perceptions toward the effectiveness of workplace violence prevention training within a U.S. Government service agency with 50 offices located in Minnesota and Wisconsin. Chapter 1 presents an overview of the phenomenon of workplace violence, the movement toward prevention programs and policies and the implementation of prescreening processes during hiring and violence prevention training. Chapter 2 contains a thorough review of pertinent literature related to violence prevention training and the impact of occupational violence on organizations. This topic was worthy of research in an effort to make a significant contribution to training literature involving organizational effectiveness due to the limited amount of research literature covering the area of corporate violence prevention training and its effect on modifying attitudes and behaviors of its customers. The primary methodology involved the assessment of 1000 employees concerning their attitudes and perceptions toward the effectiveness of workplace violence prevention training. The research population were administered a 62 item online assessment with responses being measured, assessed, and compared. Significant differences were found calling for the rejection of the three study hypotheses. Chapter 4 described the findings of the population surveyed and recommendations were identified in Chapter 5.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether differences exist among counselors, academic faculty, and occupational faculty, on two campuses of a junior college district, with respect to the emphasis they believe that counselors should place on specific counseling activities.

M.Tech. (Business Administration, Faculty of Management Sciences), Vaal University of Technology. / The majority of mine health and safety authorities around the world agree that the quality of safety standards is of increasing importance to the mining industry across the world (Kleyn & du Plessis 2016:309). Mining companies in many countries such as New Zealand, (an island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean), Australia, South Africa and China have taken up the challenges of guaranteeing liability and improving performance of the safety and health of their workers, aware that many workers are injured, if not fatally. These incidents result in production loss. This study provides not only an opportunity to evaluate the status of the safety control measures of the work system in a mining company, but also enables management to pinpoint the causes of poor safety performance and implement efforts that ensure safety improvement. The primary objectives of this study were to examine factors influencing the adherence and employee perceptions towards safety control measures in a mining company. Furthermore, the governments in many countries have tried to implement legislation to try to curb the scourge of industrial accidents. Safety disclosures of the annual reports from the Department of Mineral Resources (DMR) of South African mining organisations, discloses 10 major mining accidents that happened in 2015 at Northern Cape mining companies. Six of these accidents occurring from a small mining sector and four from a large mining sector, except previous year’s safety records as detailed in this study. A quantitative approach was adopted for the study. The data were collected using a sample of 200 participants in which a survey questionnaire was administered to permanent mine employees and full time contractors in the mine. A simple sampling technique was used and data were then analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) version 25.0 to formulate frequency tables and descriptive analysis graphs. Furthermore, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and t-test were utilised to analyse the data and examine significant differences between employee perceptions and attitudes towards safety control measures, age and length of service (Willemse 2009:118-121). The results reveal that although the mine was considered compliant, with its employees showing a positive attitude towards safety control measures, ANOVA revealed different perceptions of employees based on their age and years of experience. However, no differences were found in relation to gender and occupation. Based on the findings, this study further recommends future studies to be conducted in order to explore the effectiveness of implementing an internal system of self-evaluation as a starting point in any safety improvement process. An effective system of internal self-evaluation will trademark the mining sector internationally and improve workers’ safety by improving effectiveness and assurance of the control measures and the level of control performance criteria. The system should create the awareness of adherence to safety control measures and deal with employee perception towards safety adherence in mining. In addition it should be a system that ensures a structured and standardised approach to learning from incidents and that all necessary steps are followed to safeguard against repeats of incidents and accidents through an effective incident investigation process (Van den Berg 2014:11). The findings of the study revealed that the leadership in the mine has a strong, positive and significant influence on the performance of safety. In this regard, this study recommends that an effective employee engagement system to be developed and that mine managers establish a safety control charter that must be understood by the mine workers, develop a code of ethics that requires ethical and honest behaviour from all employees in order to improve safety performance and learn from these accomplishments. Mine workers will take their cue from the attitude and example displayed by management, therefore, it is recommended that mine management develop an organisational culture, which assigns authority and responsibility to employees and organises and develops employees with direction provided by management that determines the type of culture in that mine. To minimise or reduce the risk of health exposure of each activity as highlighted under Regulation 9 of the Mine Health and Safety Act (29 of 1996), it is recommended that mine manager’s enforce the use of protective equipment. The leadership and human resources, mine workers and all persons who may be affected by the mining activities in the surrounding area of operation need to be aware of the factors that can impact their well-being. The study also presented managers, mine owner and other decision makers within the mining company with important insight on key areas of factors that may require particular attention in order to enhance their operational strategies towards zero harm in the mine.

The primary objectives of the study were as follows: (1) to explore the relationship between career anchors (as measured by the Career Orientations Inventory), organisational commitment (as measured by the Organisational Commitment Questionnaire) and turnover intention (as measured by a three-item questionnaire, developed by Mobley, Horner, and Hollingsworth, 1978); and (2) to determine whether employees from different gender, race, employment positions and age groups differ significantly in their career anchors, organisational commitment and turnover intention. A quantitative survey was conducted on a non-probability sample of 343 employed adults at managerial and general staff levels in the South African retail sector. The results of this study suggest that there was a significant but weak relationship between employees‟ career anchors and their organisational commitment. Career anchors were also found to be significantly related to organisational commitment and turnover intention; with entrepreneurial creativity, lifestyle and service/dedication to a cause career anchors being the best predictors of these two variables. The relationship between organisational commitment and turnover intention was significant and negative, with affectively and normatively committed participants being more likely to remain with the organisation (i.e. having lower turnover intentions). In addition, the findings indicate that although gender has no relationship with turnover intention, race, employment position and age do. African, general staff and 30 years and younger participants indicated higher intentions to leave the organisation. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / M. Com. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Scholars have repeatedly demonstrated the positive benefits of high-quality leader-member exchange (LMX) for employees and organizations alike. Although some research has examined outcomes of differentiation of LMX relationships within teams, there is scant research into the way in which the combination of LMX and LMX differentiation (LMX-D) interact at the leader-level in the workplace hierarchy and the trickle-down effects these leader relationships have on subordinates. Moreover, no research has examined the potential buffering effect that subordinate team LMX may have on leaders who are experiencing the desire to withdraw from the organization as a result of the combination of their leader-leader exchange (LLX) relationships and the LLX differentiation (LLX-D) they perceive on their own leader teams. Thus, the present study sought to combine LMX and multilevel leadership theories to examine the effects of these leader-level exchange relationships on turnover intentions (TOI) for both individuals in leader-member dyads. Results suggested stronger negative relationships between LLX and TOI for both leaders and members when LLX-D is lower. However, examining this relationship at the leader-level when accounting for subordinate team LMX mean suggests that high-quality LMX relationships with the team members supervised by the leader attenuates the negative relationship between LLX and leader TOI. Theoretical and practical contributions are discussed, including the importance of the relationship of LLX, LLX-D, and team LMX mean on employee attitudes at multiple organizational levels.

The purpose of this study was to: (1) describe the relationship between unit managers' attitudes and practices and the employment status of older workers in a segment of the foodservice industry; and (2) derive implications about the educational and training interventions necessary to facilitate the increased labor force participation of older workers in the industry. Demographic trends influenced the development of this study. The foodservice industry’s heavy reliance on younger workers and reports of potential labor shortages were reasons the study was undertaken. The population consisted of the membership of the National Restaurant Association. From this group a stratified random sample of 480 foodservice units was selected. Data were collected via questionnaires sent to the identified unit managers. The results indicated positive relationships between the employment of older workers and the following variables: establishment of a formal training program; the use of self-paced training methods; and the availability of employment alternatives. Older workers were most frequently employed in the institutional segment of the foodservice industry and in units in which a larger percentage of older managers were employed. Educational and training interventions which would facilitate the employment of older workers were presented. These included: training for managers; training programs for older workers; and employment alternatives. / Ed. D.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of size of performance pay increases on employee perceptions critical to the success of merit pay programs. Perceptions investigated in this study included: 1) instrumentality, 2) expectancy, 3) performance appraisal administration, 4) performance appraisal content, 5) trust in city management, 6) pay communication, and 7) importance of pay. It was hypothesized that individuals who received above average performance pay increases would exhibit significant positive changes toward perceptions of interest while individuals who received below average performance pay increases would exhibit significant negative changes toward perceptions of interest. / Master of Science

I dagens dynamiska och ständigt föränderliga affärsmiljö står många företag inför utmaningen att anpassa sig till nya trender och teknologier för att upprätthålla sin konkurrenskraft. Detta har medfört att många tillverkningsföretag tjänstefieras, vilket innebär att företag övergår från en produktcentrerad till en tjänstecentrerad logik. Tjänstefiering innebär dock mer än att enbart addera en ny tjänst, det är en komplex process där normer, värderingar och tillvägagångssätt förändras till följd av den fundamentala förändringen av företagets logik. Många företag misslyckas med tjänstefiering, och en anledning till det är att ledare ofta underskattar den centrala roll som medarbetare har under tjänstefiering. Det råder brist på forskning gällande förändringsledning vid tjänstefiering och dess specifika organisationsförändringar. Således är syftet med studien att förstå hur ledare anpassar sitt ledarskap för att vägleda medarbetares förhållningssätt vid tjänstefiering. För att besvara syftet har kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer genomförts med sju ledare samt två konsulter inom olika företag som aktivt arbetat med tjänstefiering. Studiens resultat visar att faktorer som påverkar ledarskap vid tjänstefiering inkluderar medarbetares förståelse och attityd för förändring. Ledarskapet bör individanpassas utifrån medarbetares nivå av förståelse och attityd gentemot tjänstefiering. Studien identifierade fyra olika typer av ledarskap för att möjliggöra denna individanpassning: inspirerande-, vägledande-, förtydligande- och stödjande ledarskap. Studiens praktiska bidrag påvisar hur ledare kan individanpassa sitt ledarskap beroende av medarbetares grad av förståelse samt attityd för att förändra medarbetares förhållningssätt vid tjänstefiering. / In today's dynamic and constantly evolving business environment, many companies face the challenge of adapting to new trends and technologies to maintain their competitiveness. This has led to many manufacturing companies undergoing a process of servitization, where companies transition from a product-centric to a service-centric logic. However, servitization entails more than simply adding a new service, it is a complex process where norms, values, and approaches change as a result of the fundamental shift in the company's logic. Many companies fail in their servitization efforts, with one reason being that leaders often underestimate the central role that employees play during this transition. There is a lack of research on change management in servitization and its specific organizational changes. Thus, the purpose of the study is to understand how leaders adapt their leadership to guide employees’ attitudes during servitization. To address this purpose, qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven leaders and two consultants from various companies actively engaged in servitization. The study's findings indicate that factors influencing leadership during servitization include employees' understanding and attitude towards change. Leadership should therefore be tailored based on employees' levels of understanding and attitude towards servitization. The study identified four types of leadership to enable this customization: inspirational, guiding, clarifying, and supportive leadership. The practical contribution of the study demonstrates how leaders can tailor their leadership depending on employees' level of understanding and attitude to change employees' attitudes during servitization

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between perceived organisational ethical climate and employee commitment within an Australian hospitality organisation, with the objective of determining whether employees' perceptions of the organisational ethical climate influenced their commitment towards their organisation, as well as the associated implications. The Ethical Climate Questionnaire and the Employee Commitment Survey were utilised as measuring instruments. The overall finding revealed a statistically significant relationship between the two variables with the results indicating that organisations possess numerous ethical climates which are perceived by employees in a manner which in turn affects their commitment towards their organisation. It is concluded that employees who are more committed to their organisations have improved attendance records and show lower absenteeism and turnover rates. The findings of this study confirmed existing research and generated new knowledge applicable to the hospitality sector. / Industrial & Organisational Psychology / MCOM (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)

Le principal objectif de cette thèse est d'examiner la relation réciproque entre la responsabilité sociale de l'entreprise (RSE) et les attitudes et les comportements des employés. Premièrement, la thèse explore les mécanismes sous-jacents alternatifs à travers lesquels la RSE affecte les employés et fait la classification des employés dans les groupes homogènes en se basant sur leur utilisation de ces différents mécanismes. Deuxièmement, elle identifie les conditions limites dans lesquelles la RSE influence de façon optimale les attitudes et les comportements des employés. Enfin, la thèse examine l'influence réciproque des employés sur la stratégie RSE de la firme et explore les pratiques des ressources humaines qui permettent à l'entreprise d'améliorer sa RSE. Afin d'atteindre ces objectifs, les trois études empiriques ont été mené dans l'Aise du Sud. Les données ont été collectées par une suite d'enquêtes avec les employés en utilisant le design de décalage dans le temps. Les résultats montrent que la RSE a un impact positif sur les attitudes et les comportements des employés à travers de multiples mécanismes. Les résultats suggèrent l'hétérogénéité parmi les employés dans leur utilisation de ces mécanismes et mettent en évidence la classification des employés en fonction de leurs orientations personnelles et valeurs culturelles individuelles afin de mieux comprendre ce phénomène. En utilisant les données de panel à trois reprises, il a été démontré également que les employés influencent la stratégie RSE. Cependant, cela dépends de leur niveau de participation dans le processus de décision et du degré de leur identification avec leur organisation / The main objective of this dissertation is to examine the reciprocal relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and employees' attitudes and behaviors. Firstly, it explores the underpinning alternative mechanisms through which CSR affects employees and classifies the employees into homogenous groups on the basis of their use of these differential mechanisms. Secondly, it identifies the boundary conditions in which CSR optimally influences the employees' attitudes and behaviors. Finally, the dissertation investigates the reciprocal influence of employees on the CSR strategy of the firm and explores the human resource practices that facilitate the firm to improve its CSR. To achieve these objectives, three empirical studies were conducted in South Asia. Data were collected in a series of employee surveys with using time lag design. The results show that CSR has a positive impact on employees' attitudes and behaviors through multiple mechanisms. Findings suggest the heterogeneity among employees in their use of these mechanisms and emphasize the classification of employees depending upon their personal orientations and individual cultural values to better understand this phenomenon. Using three wave penal data, it was also found that employees influence the CSR strategy of the firm. However, it depends upon the level of their participation in decision making and extent of their identification with their organization