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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Electronic Transportation Markets and New Technology

Golaj, Taulant, Sümegi, Bo, Wargenkrook, Hakija January 2014 (has links)
En transportbörs är en elektronisk marknadsplats där transportsäljare kan annonsera ledig kapacitet till försäljning och transportköpare kan ge förfrågningar på transporter. När aktörerna på transportbörsen har hittat en sälj- eller köpannons som passar deras behov sluter de avtal om en transport. Transportbörser underlättar för transportsäljare att öka sina fyllnadsgrader samtidigt som den även underlättar för transportköpare att hitta transportörer. Då fyllnadsgrader och samlastning ökar med hjälp av transportbörserna tjänar även miljön på detta då antalet använda fordon minskar (Kovács, 2009).I denna studie har vi undersökt vad som fungerar bra respektive mindre bra med befintliga transportbörser, och genom detta har en konceptuell transportbörs tagits fram där dess fördelar förstärks och nackdelar minimeras. Studien baseras på en enkätundersökning med ansvariga transportsäljare samt en personlig djupintervju med en verksam transportplanerare. Vi har genom litteraturstudier även tagit reda på om det finns några tekniska hjälpmedel som skulle kunna användas för att understödja transportbörsernas syfte att öka samlastningen.Våra egna undersökningar samt litteraturstudie visar på vikten av affärsrelationer; de flesta transportsäljare beräknar i dagens läge sina fyllnadsgrader manuellt och därefter frågar de sina etablerade kunder om de är i behov av transporter. Transportköpare arbetar på ett liknande sätt – vid transportbehov ringer de till sina etablerade transportörer och frågar om de har tillgänglig kapacitet. Därför blir manuell koordination av offerter en standardprocedur vilket resulterar i att transportbörser fungerar som en sista utväg. Därför blir det inte heller någon direkt ruljans och fart på handeln på transportbörserna (Anonym transportsäljare).Vid våra empiriska undersökningar framgår det tydligt att det främsta konkurrensmedlet bland säljande företag på transportbörser är priset, något som också bekräftas av forskare i ämnet (Nandijaru & Regan, 2003). Prispressen får följden att andra konkurrensmedel såsom kundservice och kundrelationer hamnar i skymundan. Ett flertal respondenter i vår undersökning ansåg detta vara ett stort problem vilket har resulterat i att det är svårt att tjäna några pengar på transportbörserna.Om man på transportbörsen kan möjliggöra för transportörer att marknadsföra sig med andra konkurrensfördelar än pris kommer det att skapa en helt ny marknadssituation. Resultatet blir en jämnare konkurrens mellan aktörerna på transportbörsen. Låter man dessutom köpare och säljare att betygsätta varandra bidrar detta ytterligare till en ökad transparens och mer jämlik konkurrens. Anledningen till att marknaden blir mer jämlik är att företag som marknadsför sig med hög servicenivå och således ett något högre pris känner att de kan konkurrera på lika villkor med konkurrenter som använder sig av en prispressande strategi.RFID är en teknik som skulle kunna underlätta användandet av transportbörser då tekniken kan användas för att beräkna tillgänglig kapacitet samt automatiskt skapa annonser på transportbörserna. Tekniken skulle således även kunna vara ett sätt för företagen att framhäva de icke-ekonomiska konkurrensfördelarna såsom service, då en implementering av RFID skulle spara arbetstid inom de transportsäljande företagen; lägger man mindre tid på transportplanering och annonsering kan man lägga mer tid på sin kärnverksamhet och kundservice och relationer. / An electronic transportation market is a market place where transport sellers can advertise free capacity and transport buyers can make inquires on transports. When the sellers and buyers have found an offer that fits them they reach an agreement. The electronic transportation markets help to increase the average payload and gives opportunities for co-loading, which benefits both the transport carriers, transport buyers as well as the environment (Kovács, 2009).In this study we have examined what works well respectively less well with existing electronic transportation markets. This has been done through a survey among transport selling companies as well as an interview with a transport planner. Through literature study we have also investigated if there are any technical aids that can be used to support the functionality of electronic transportation markets.Our research and literature study reveals that most transport sellers manually calculate their payloads and then manually calls their customers to see if they want anything transported. We therefore suspect that manual coordination of offers and advertising is a normal procedure amongst transport selling and transport buying companies. This results in the electronic transportation markets works as a last exit for the transport sellers. As a result of this there is no momentum on the electronic transportation markets when nobody is trading there on a bigger scale (Anonymous transport seller).Our survey and interview show that the main competitive advantage amongst transport sellers on electronic transportation markets is the price. This is a theory confirmed by several authors in the field, for example Nandijaru and Regan (2003). The price focus results in other competitive advantages such as service and customer relations tend to be forgotten on electronic transportation markets. Many respondents in our survey found the price fixation to be a major problem resulting in low profits on the electronic transportation markets.If you can make it possible for transport sellers to advertise themselves with other competitive advantages than price it will create a new market situation. The will result in a more equal competition on the electronic transportation markets. The market place will be even more equal and transparent if you allow the sellers and buyers to rate one another on different scales such as service ratio. The mentioned implementations will lead to sellers that advertise themselves with a high degree of service will feel that they compete on the same terms as sellers that focus on price.RFID may offer the possibility to automatically calculate available payload and automatically create advertisements on electronic transportation markets. This can also be a way to increase the importance of non-economic competitive advantages such as customer service, as a direct result of less time spent manually calculating payload and creating advertisements.
2

A multi-agent based system to promote collaboration among Namibian transport stakeholders in order to reduce empty runs

Fransman, Logan 03 July 2015 (has links)
The main aim of transport stakeholders has always been to transport freight efficiently, as this efficiency contributes to the growth and success of their business. A country like Namibia is no different as the efficiency of transport lies in the effective utilisation of carrier capacity in any direction. Due to the various types of freight, transport operators rarely have the capacity to cover all freight movement requests. This research put the empty runs experienced by most of the Namibian transporters at 33%. Empty runs could however be reduced through collaboration and sharing of capacity among transport stakeholders. Multi-agent systems (MAS) are various individual computer agents that are configured independently to interact with other agents to achieve one goal. These systems have been explored as an approach to achieve collaboration among transporter stakeholders. Taking into consideration the characteristics and requirements of MAS, this research was able to conduct a feasibility of its implementation within Namibia. Concluding with an evaluation of available Multi-agent based systems that could achieve collaboration and reduce empty runs in the Namibian transport environment. / Information Science / M.Tech. (Information Technology)
3

A multi-agent based system to promote collaboration among Namibian transport stakeholders in order to reduce empty runs

Fransman, Logan 03 July 2015 (has links)
The main aim of transport stakeholders has always been to transport freight efficiently, as this efficiency contributes to the growth and success of their business. A country like Namibia is no different as the efficiency of transport lies in the effective utilisation of carrier capacity in any direction. Due to the various types of freight, transport operators rarely have the capacity to cover all freight movement requests. This research put the empty runs experienced by most of the Namibian transporters at 33%. Empty runs could however be reduced through collaboration and sharing of capacity among transport stakeholders. Multi-agent systems (MAS) are various individual computer agents that are configured independently to interact with other agents to achieve one goal. These systems have been explored as an approach to achieve collaboration among transporter stakeholders. Taking into consideration the characteristics and requirements of MAS, this research was able to conduct a feasibility of its implementation within Namibia. Concluding with an evaluation of available Multi-agent based systems that could achieve collaboration and reduce empty runs in the Namibian transport environment. / Information Science / M. Tech. (Information Technology)

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