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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Remo??o, por flota??o, de ?leo em ?guas produzidas na ind?stria de petr?leo: efici?ncia e modelagem do processo

Andrade, Jo?o Marconi de 30 March 2009 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:42:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JoaoMApdf.pdf: 2174206 bytes, checksum: a1de24fc592da4515b2bf51d89278503 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-03-30 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / The separation oil-water by the use of flotation process is characterized by the involvement between the liquid and gas phases. For the comprehension of this process, it s necessary to analyze the physical and chemical properties command float flotation, defining the nature and forces over the particles. The interface chemistry has an important role on the flotation technology once, by dispersion of a gas phase into a liquid mixture the particles desired get stuck into air bubbles, being conduced to a superficial layer where can be physically separated. Through the study of interface interaction involved in the system used for this work, was possible to apply the results in an mathematical model able to determine the probability of flotation using a different view related to petroleum emulsions such as oil-water. The terms of probability of flotation correlate the collision and addition between particles of oil and air bubbles, that as more collisions, better is the probability of flotation. The additional probability was analyzed by the isotherm of absorption from Freundlich, represents itself the add probability between air bubbles and oil particles. The mathematical scheme for float flotation involved the injected air flow, the size of bubbles and quantity for second, the volume of float cell, viscosity of environment and concentration of demulsifier. The results shown that the float agent developed by castor oil, pos pH variation, salt quantity, temperature, concentration and water-oil quantity, presented efficient extraction of oil from water, up to 95%, using concentrations around 11 ppm of demulsifier. The best results were compared to other commercial products, codified by ―W‖ and ―Z‖, being observed an equivalent demulsifier power between Agflot and commercial product ―W‖ and superior to commercial product ―Z‖ / A separa??o ?leo/?gua pelo processo de flota??o ? caracterizada pelo envolvimento entre as fases l?quida e gasosa. Para a compreens?o desse processo, ? necess?rio estudar as propriedades f?sicas e qu?micas que governam a flota??o, estabelecendo a natureza e as for?as entre as part?culas. A qu?mica de interfaces desempenha um papel importante na tecnologia de flota??o, onde, por dispers?o de uma fase gasosa em uma mistura na fase l?quida, as part?culas a serem flotadas prendem-se ?s bolhas de ar e s?o conduzidas at? a camada superficial da solu??o, onde s?o separadas fisicamente. Atrav?s do estudo das intera??es interfaciais envolvidas, foi poss?vel aplicar seus resultados em uma equa??o que determina a probabilidade de flota??o por uma nova ?tica relacionada ?s emuls?es de petr?leo do tipo ?leo/?gua. Os termos da probabilidade de flota??o correlacionam os fen?menos de colis?o e de ades?o entre as part?culas de ?leo e as bolhas de ar. Na probabilidade de colis?o observa-se que quanto maior o n?mero de colis?es maior a probabilidade de flota??o. A probabilidade de ades?o foi analisada atrav?s da isoterma de adsor??o de Freundlich, que representa a probabilidade de ades?o entre as bolhas de ar e as part?culas de ?leo. A modelagem matem?tica para a flota??o envolveu o fluxo de ar injetado, o tamanho das bolhas de ar, a quantidade de bolhas por segundo, o volume da c?lula de flota??o, a viscosidade e a concentra??o do desemulsificante. Os resultados mostraram que o agente de flota??o desenvolvido a partir do ?leo de mamona, ap?s a varia??o do pH, salinidade, temperatura, concentra??o de desemulsificante e teor de ?leo/?gua, apresentou uma efici?ncia de remo??o de ?leo em ?gua acima dos 95%, usando uma concentra??o em torno de 11 ppm de desemulsificante. Os melhores resultados foram comparados com outros produtos comerciais, codificados por ―W‖ e ―Z‖, sendo observado um poder desemulsificante equivalente entre o Agflot e o produto comercial ―W‖ e superior ao produto comercial ‖Z‖
2

Otimiza??o do processo de flota??o de emuls?o ?leo/?gua atrav?s do planejamento fatorial completo

Santana, Aline Viviane Maia de 27 December 2012 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:01:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AlineVMS_DISSERT.pdf: 5061561 bytes, checksum: bab6b3b335e768bf8c3b23df4c26c8c5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-27 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / In recent decades, the generation of solid and liquid waste has increased substantially due to increased industrial activity that is directly linked to economic growth. For that is the most efficient process, it is inevitable generation of such wastes. In the oil industry, a major waste generated in oil exploration is produced water, which due to its complex composition and the large amount generated, has become a challenge, given the restrictions imposed by environmental laws regarding their disposal, making if necessary create alternatives for reuse or treatment in order to reduce the content of contaminants and reduce the harmful effects to the environment. This water can be present in free form or emulsified with the oil, when in the form of an emulsion of oil-water type, it is necessary to use chemicals to promote the separation and flotation is the treatment method which has proved to be more efficient, for it can remove much of the emulsified oil when compared to other methods. In this context, the object of this work was to study the individual effects and interactions of some physicochemical parameters of operations, based on previous work to a flotation cell used in the separation of synthetic emulsion oil / water in order to optimize the efficiency of the separation process through of the 24 full factorial design with center point. The response variables to evaluate the separation efficiency was the percentage of color and turbidity removal. The independent variables were: concentration of de-emulsifying, oil content in water, salinity and pH, these being fixed, minimum and maximum limits. The analysis of variance for the equation of the empirical model, was statistically significant and useful for predictive purposes the separation efficiency of the floater with R2 > 90%. The results showed that the oil content in water and the interaction between the oil content in water and salinity, showed the highest values of the estimated effects among all the factors investigated, having great and positive influence on the separation efficiency. By analyzing the response surface was determined maximum removal efficiency above 90% for both measured for turbidity as a measure of color when in a saline medium (30 g/L), the high oil concentrations (306 ppm) using low concentrations of de-emulsifying (1,1 ppm) and at pH close to neutral / Nas ?ltimas d?cadas, a gera??o de res?duos s?lidos e l?quidos tem aumentado substancialmente devido ao aumento da atividade industrial que est? diretamente ligada ao crescimento econ?mico. Por mais eficiente que seja o processo, ? inevit?vel a gera??o desses res?duos. Na ind?stria petrol?fera, um dos principais res?duos gerado na explora??o do petr?leo ? a ?gua produzida, que devido ? sua composi??o complexa e ? grande quantidade gerada, tem se tornado um desafio, diante das restri??es impostas pela legisla??o ambiental quanto ao seu descarte, fazendo-se necess?rio criar alternativas de reuso ou tratamento com a finalidade de reduzir o teor de contaminantes e diminuir os efeitos nocivos ao meio ambiente. Essa ?gua pode estar presente sob a forma livre ou emulsionada com o ?leo, quando na forma de emuls?o do tipo ?leo/?gua, faz-se necess?rio ? utiliza??o de subst?ncias qu?micas para promover a separa??o, sendo a flota??o o m?todo de tratamento que vem se mostrando mais eficiente, pois consegue remover grande parte do ?leo emulsionado quando comparada a outros m?todos. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar os efeitos individuais e de intera??es de alguns par?metros f?sico-qu?micos operacionais, baseado em trabalhos anteriores, para uma c?lula de flota??o utilizada na separa??o de emuls?o sint?tica ?leo/?gua, visando otimizar a efici?ncia do processo de separa??o atrav?s um planejamento experimental do tipo fatorial completo 24 com ponto central. As vari?veis de resposta para avaliar a efici?ncia da separa??o foram percentagem de remo??o de cor e turbidez. As vari?veis independentes estudadas foram: concentra??o do desemulsificante, teor de ?leo em ?gua, salinidade e pH, sendo fixadas a estas, limites m?nimos e m?ximos. A an?lise da vari?ncia para a equa??o do modelo emp?rico mostrou-se estatisticamente significante e ?til para fins preditivos da efici?ncia de separa??o do flotador com R2 > 90%. Os resultados mostraram que o teor de ?leo em ?gua e a intera??o entre o teor de ?leo em ?gua e a salinidade, apresentaram os maiores valores dos efeitos estimados dentre o conjunto dos fatores investigados, tendo grande e positiva influ?ncia na efici?ncia de separa??o. Atrav?s da an?lise da superf?cie de resposta, foi determinada uma efici?ncia m?xima de remo??o acima de 90% tanto para medida de turbidez quanto para medida de cor quando em meio salino (30 g/L), a altas concentra??es de ?leo (306 ppm), utilizando concentra??es baixas do desemulsificante (1,1 ppm) e com pH pr?ximo do neutro

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