Thesis (M. Div.)--Grace Theological Seminary, 1986. / Abstract. Bibliography: leaves 67-71.

Thesis (M.A.)--Southern California College, 1993. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 122-132).

Thesis (S.T.M.)--Condordia Seminary, St. Louis, Mo., 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 98-103).

Thesis (M.A.)--Catholic Theological Union at Chicago, 2003. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 126-132).

Thesis (D. Min.)--St. Vladimir's Orthodox Theological Seminary, 2005. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 93-96).

Thesis (D. Min.)--St. Vladimir's Orthodox Theological Seminary, 2005. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 93-96).

AFRIKAANS: Hierdie studie poog om deur 'n omvattende eksegetiese ondersoek van Psalms 9 en l0 op literêre - , semantiese - en sosiologiese vlak tot 'n verantwoordbare verstaan van die vyand in Psalms 9 en 10 te kom. Die eksegetiese ondersoek maak gebruik van die mees resente navorsing op die gebied van die literatuurwetenskap. Die eksegetiese resultate van die twee psalms word met mekaar vergelyk en word dan as basis gebruik om 'n semantiese analise te doen van die woordveld 'vyand'. Die studie toets die hipotese dat daar nie soos in die verlede net gevra moet word na die identiteit van die vyand in die betrokke psalms nie, maar of die vyand nie eerder 'n funksionele en teologiese rol vervul nie. Insigte vanuit die sosiologie word bygewerk om groter lig te werp op die omstandighede waarin die psalms afspeel. Hier is dus gekies vir 'n komplementêre benadering waar insigte uit verskillende dissiplines sinergisties kan bydrae tot 'n beter verstaan van die rol van die vyand. In die studie het dit duidelik geword dat Psalms 9 en 10 'n afgeronde en weldeurdagte struktuur vertoon. Dit het verder duidelik geword dat die woordvelde 'JHWH', 'regverdige' en 'vyand' in beide psalms in 'n driehoeksverhouding staan. Hierdie navorsing het die hipotese bevestig dat dit nie soseer om die identiteit van die vyand gaan nie, maar eerder om die funksie wat die vervul in terme van die regverdige se verhouding ten opsigte van JHWH en van sy gemeenskap. In hierdie driehoeksverhouding het dit nie om 'n ewewigsverhouding gegaan nie, maar was die vyand 'n middel tot 'n doel om veral die regverdige se posisie te verstewig. Belangrike gevolgtrekkings waartoe gekom is, is dat allerlei strategieë aangewend word om digotomies-ideologiese kategorisering teweeg te bring waardeur 'n polariteit bewerkstellig is tussen JHWH en die vyand, en die regverdige en die vyand. Daar is gevolglik 'n skerp dissosiasie met die vyand. Die digter skets homself as getrou aan JHWH en soek sodoende gemeenskaplikheid met JH WH. Deur hierdie strategie bewerk hy ook ‘n simpatie by sy nabye gemeenskap. Die sosiologiese ondersoek het hierdie resultate bevestig. Geen teks funksioneer in 'n vakuum nie. Aan die een kant dra die teks die stem en funksie van die sosiale realiteit waarin dit gebed is, en aan die ander kant is dit ook 'n teenstem teen die konvensionele en die ideologies-gemanipuleerde realiteit. Psalms 9 en 10 breek dus deur die huidige sosiale ervaring en poog om 'n nuwe realiteit te skep. Die realiteit is ook 'n funksie en 'n gevolg van die teks. Dit is dus nie net die omstandighede wat die teks bepaal nie, maar die teks het ook ten doel om die omstandighede van die regverdige te bepaal. Die twee psalms is 'n politieke daad om 'n nuwe sosiale moontlikheid vir die digter te skep. Die sosiale kernwaardes van 'eer' en 'skande' speel 'n baic belangrikc rol binne die driehoeksverhouding van Psalms 9 en 10. JHWH se eer is op die spel. Binne die verbondsverhouding waarin die regverdige lojaal aan JHWH is, het JHWH die vcrantwoordelikheid om die rcgverdige te verlos van sy krisis en sy sosiale status te versterk. JHWH moet die vyand tot skande maak om sodoende groter eer te verkry en die verbond te bevestig. ENGLISH: This study attempts to reach a justifiable understanding of the enemy in Psalms 9 and 10 by way of a comprehensive exegetic exploration on a literary, semantic and sociological level. The exegetic exploration uses the most recent research in the field of literature. The results of this exegesis of the two psalms are compared with each other and then used as a basis for a semantic analysis of the semantic field 'enemy", The study tests the hypothesis that one should not simply ask, as was done in the past, about the identity of the enemy in the particular psalms, but whether the enemy does not in fact fulfil a functional and theological role. Sociological insights are included to illuminate the circumstances in which the psalms are set. A complementary approach has therefore been chosen. Insights from various disciplines contributed synergistically to a better understanding of the role of the enemy. It became clear during the study that Psalms 9 and 10 show a well thought-out, rounded-off structure. Furthermore, it became clear that the semantic fields 'YHWH', 'righteous" and 'enemy' are in a triangular relationship. This research has confirmed the hypothesis that the function of the enemy is rather to be sought in terms of the relationship of the righteous with YHWH and his community and that the identity of the enemy is not so important. This triangular relationship is not a balanced one. The enemy is a means to an end to strengthen the position of the righteous, An important conclusion reached is that a variety of strategies were applied to establish dichotomic-ideological categorizing. From this a polarity is established between YHWH and the enemy on the one hand, and the righteous and the enemy on the other. There is thus a sharp disassociation from the enemy. The poet shows himself as true to YHWH and looks for common ground with YHWH. By using this strategy, he also manages to evoke sympathy from his close community. The sociological research confirmed these results. No text functions in a vacuum. On the one hand the text carries the voice and function of the social reality in which it is embedded. On the other hand, it is also a vote against conventional and ideologically manipulated reality. Psalms 9 and 10 therefore break through their current social experience and try to create a new reality. The social core values of 'honour' and 'shame' play an important role within the triangular relationship of Psalms 9 and 10. YHWH's honour is at stake. Inside the covenant relations where the righteous is loyal to YHWH, YHWH has a responsibility to liberate the righteous from his crisis and strengthen his social status. YHWH has to shame the enemy in order to gain greater honour and confirm the covenant relationship. / Dissertation (MA (Semitic Languages))--University of Pretoria, 2005. / Ancient Languages / unrestricted

Thesis (MA.)--Stellenbosch University, 2000. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study investigates the image of Yahweh as warrior in a selection of Biblical-Hebrew psalms against the background of similar images in the broader Ancient Near East. In the psalms this image is closely linked with the emotions and experience of the psalmist. In the situation of conflict he calls on Yahweh to intervene and to destroy the enemy. It is in such circumstances that this image of Yahweh gives the necessary comfort. In order to investigate the image of Yahweh as warrior in the psalms, this study uses the Comparative Method. This method is based on the assumption that cultures and societies share certain ideas and characteristics. The specific approach within the Comparative Method is called the typological comparative approach. This approach focuses on the comparison of phenomena in cultures that are historically and geographically far removed from each other. This comparison is based on the assumption that certain cultural characteristics are universally shared. In this investigation the following psalms are analysed: 3, 21, 46, 68, 76, 83, 140, 144. The selection was made on the basis of the different literary genres within the psalms. As a background to this investigation a summary of warrior terminology and ideas in the rest of the Ancient Near East is presented. Afterwards the warrior image in the selected psalms is investigated. The investigation proceeded as follows: Chapter 1 is devoted to the research history with regard to the image of Yahweh as warrior in the Hebrew Bible; in Chapter 2 the metaphor as literary device is discussed; and in Chapter 3 the focus is on the institution of war in the Ancient Near East and the role of warriors in this regard. From Chapters 4 to 11 the warrior metaphors in the selected psalms are analysed. With each of the analysed psalms the following method is used: (1) a translation and text-critical notes; (2) a discussion of the literary genre; (3) an analysis of the poetic elements; and (4) an analysis of the warrior images. The psalmist's enemies are also Yahweh's enemies. In the psalms where he is portrayed as warrior, three characters always come to the fore, namely Yahweh, the psalmist and the enemy. While the enemy is portrayed in terms of typical hostile images, the relationship between Yahweh and the psalmist is defensive, and offensive between Yahweh and the enemy. In this study it is , also shown that when Yahweh intervenes, he saves and restores the honour of the psalmist. Yahweh is also praised for his acts of salvation in the past. This forms the basis for the psalmist call to Yahweh to intervene in his situation. He defeats the enemy by making use of different weapons. The psalmist's enemies are also Yahweh's enemies. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie ondersoek die voorstelling van Jahwe as kryger in 'n seleksie Bybels-Hebreeuse psalms teen die agtergrond van soortgelyke voorstellings in die breër Ou Nabye Oosterse konteks. In die psalms hang hierdie voorstelling ten nouste saam met die emosies en ervarings van die digter. Die vyand stig gedurig stryd aan en soek die digter se ondergang. In sy situasie van stryd en aanvegting roep hy tot Jahwe om in te gryp en die vyand te verslaan. Dit is dan juis hierdie voorstelling van Jahwe wat in dié omstandighede 'n groot gerusstelling is. In hierdie studie word daar van die Vergelykende Metode gebruik gemaak. Hierdie metode is gebaseer op die aanname dat kulture en gemeenskappe sekere opvattings en idees met mekaar deel. Die spesifieke benadering wat binne die Vergelykende Metode gebruik word, word die Tipologies-Vergelykende benadering genoem. In hierdie benadering handel dit oor die vergelyking van verskynsels in kulture wat histories en geografies van mekaar verwyderd is. Hierdie benadering opereer met die aanname dat sekere kulturele opvattings universeel gedeel word. Die volgende psalms word in die ondersoek ontleed: 3, 21,46,68, 76, 83, 140, 144. Die seleksie is gedoen op grond van die belangrikste literêre genres in die psalms. As agtergrond tot die ondersoek, word 'n kort oorsig gebied van krygerterminologie en opvattings in die res van die Ou Nabye Ooste. Daarna is die krygerbeeld in die geselekteerde psalms ondersoek. Die ondersoek het soos volg verloop: in Hoofstuk 1 is daar aandag gegee aan die navorsingsgeskiedenis met betrekking tot die voorstelling van Jahwe as kryger in die Hebreeuse Bybel, in Hoofstuk 2 is die literêre verskynsel van die metafoor behandel en in Hoofstuk 3 is daar gefokus op die Ou Nabye Oosterse instelling van oorlog en die plek van krygers in die verband. Vanaf Hoofstuk 4-11 is die krygermetafore in die geselekteerde psalms geanaliseer. By elk van die geanaliseerde psalms word die volgende metode gevolg: (1) 'n vertaling en tekskritiese aantekeninge; (2) 'n bespreking van die literêre genre; (3) 'n analise van die styl-elemente; en (4) 'n analise van die krygermetafore. In die psalms waar Jahwe as kryger voorgestel word, tree daar altyd drie hoofkarakters na vore, naamlik die digter, die vyand en Jahwe. Die vyand word geteken in terme van tipiese "vyandsbeelde", terwyl Jahwe defensief teenoor die bidder optree en offensief teenoor die teëstanders. In hierdie studie word ook aangedui dat wanneer Jahwe ingryp, bewerk Hy redding en herstel Hy ook die digter se eer. Jahwe word geloof vir sy reddingsdade in die verlede. Dit vorm die basis vir die digter se hulpgeroep tot Jahwe om in te gryp in sy situasie. Hy verslaan die vyand deur van verskillende wapens gebruik te maak. Die digter se vyande word ook as Jahwe se vyand gesien.