No description available.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:33:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:05:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Dissertação (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:33:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:05:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / A questão do Desenvolvimento Sustentável é um dos temas mais falados na atualidade, e a busca do seu entendimento um grande desafio aos pesquisadores. Mas buscar seu entendimento e as relações das dimensões que o compõe (dimensão econômica, social, ambiental e institucional) não é o único desafio. Mensurar o caminho do desenvolvimento de uma sociedade é um desafio igualmente grande, principalmente devido as intrincadas relações entre meio ambiente, sociedade e economia. Este trabalho apresenta uma nova abordagem na construção de um índice sintético de desenvolvimento sustentável do ponto de vista da sustentabilidade energética. Esta metodologia se baseou em arquétipos matemáticos estruturados na Lógica Fuzzy, permitindo assim incorporar novas bases de conhecimento, mesmo que com definições vagas. O resultado final é a criação de um Índice de Sustentabilidade Energética que pode ser acompanhado no tempo, e que permite comparações entre países, já que na sua construção utiliza-se a base de dados do Guia de Indicadores Energéticos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável da Agência Internacional de Energia Atômica, que apresenta uma metodologia mundialmente aceita de indicadores energéticos. Este índice foi concebido para se parecido com outros indicadores como Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano (IDH) elaborado pela Organização das Nações Unidas, o que permite um fácil entendimento, por ser um número entre zero e um. / Dissertação (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

The objective of this thesis is to perform a cost benefits analysis of the wind power sector in Germany, with the horizon of 2030. Various costs and benefits stemming from the expansion of wind power are inferred from literature review and studying the peculiarities of the German case. The magnitude of governmental support is calculated by applying the Weibull distribution of wind at different zones across Germany and power curves of 5 modern wind turbines, as specified by the law. A number of sensitivity analyses is performed on the main inputs for onshore installations. Under the baseline assumptions, the onshore sector is found as non-beneficial to the society, without a visible improving trend for the future. While the offshore sector does not reach a point where the benefits would start overweighing the cost until 2030, the overall trend look much more promising. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

Americans across the nation are showing an increased awareness of the problems caused by the rapid and uncontrolled growth our country has undergone over the last fifty years. It is apparent to most that we can no longer abuse our natural resources as if they were inexhaustable . In the last few years, there has been a specific concern for prices, consumption, and energy conservation. These real concerns are moving us towards a reconsideration of our living habits that will certainly affect the future of residential planning and site design.

Bidirectional vehicle-to-grid (V2G) system utilizes the batteries of parked electric-drive-vehicles to provide energy storage and backup services in a power system. Such services in a V2G-equipped microgrid system can be used as an enabler of enhancing the renewable energy source (RES) penetration by storing the energy during the surplus of RES supply and supplying the energy during the lack of RES supply. In this research, we aim at enhancing the storage capacity of V2G system by introducing a novel vehicle-to-vehicle power transfer operation that runs on the top of V2G services. The vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) operation transfers the energy from the source vehicles (which are parked for relatively longer times) to the destination vehicles (which are parked for relatively shorter times). The depleted energy of the source vehicles is fulfilled by the surplus RES supply in the future. In this way, the destination vehicles are effectively charged by RES supply, thereby enhancing the storage capacity of the V2G system. We can also say that the V2V operation would become beneficial only when there is a sufficient amount of surplus RES supply in the future. We propose a decision rule to distinguish if a vehicle should be a source vehicle or a destination vehicle during the V2V operation. The decision rule is designed based on the two factors, namely the state-of-charge of vehicle’s battery, and the remaining time of vehicle to depart. In this research, we conduct a comprehensive study to analyze the impacts of state-of-charge and mobility pattern of vehicles on different performance metrics via simulation. The results shows that in order to achieve better performance of V2V operation, the state-of-charge of vehicle’s battery should be given more priority over the remaining time of vehicle to depart. The vehicle mobility pattern with unexpected departure greatly reduced the overall performance of the V2G system.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-02-01Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:28:54Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 oliveira_mcj_me_jabo.pdf: 498267 bytes, checksum: 5684a2e5b4a1d6b509590c155a15c96a (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Biodiesel é um combustível renovável, biodegradável e produzido a partir de óleo vegetal ou de gordura animal por meio de transesterificação. A viabilidade desse produto como fonte alternativa de energia depende de vários fatores, entre os quais se destacam a proporção de mistura e a estabilidade durante o período de armazenamento, uma vez que a disponibilidade de matéria-prima é sazonal e varia de acordo com a safra de cada cultura. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o desempenho operacional e a opacidade da fumaça de trator agrícola funcionando com biodiesel de mamona, cujos fatores estudados foram o período de armazenamento e a proporção de mistura biodiesel/diesel. O experimento foi conduzido no Departamento de Engenharia Rural, da UNESP/Jaboticabal, em parceria com o LADETEL/USP-Ribeirão Preto. O período de armazenamento do combustível foi de zero, três e seis meses após a data da fabricação, e as proporções de mistura biodiesel/diesel foram de 0% de biodiesel (B0), 5% de biodiesel (B5), 25% de biodiesel (B25), 50% de biodiesel (B50) e 100% de biodiesel (B100). Os resultados evidenciaram aumento no consumo específico a partir da mistura com 25% de biodiesel; entretanto, o período de armazenamento não influenciou no consumo. A opacidade da fumaça reduziu-se a partir da adição de 5% de biodiesel, destacando-se que o período de armazenamento influenciou na referida variável / Biodiesel is a renewable, biodegradable and made from vegetable oil or animal fat through transesterification fuel. The viability of this product as an alternative energy source depends on several factors, among which stand out the mixing ratio and stability during the storage period, since the availability of raw materials is seasonal and varies due to cropping of each plant. This study aimed to evaluate the operational performance and opacity of smoke tractor running biodiesel from castor beans the factors studied were the period of storage and mixing ratio biodiesel/diesel. The experiment was conducted at the Department of Rural Engineering, UNESP/Jaboticabal, in partnership with the Ladetel/USP-Ribeirão Preto. The fuel storage period was zero, three and six months after the date of manufacture, and the proportions of mixing biodiesel/diesel were 0% biodiesel (B0), 5% biodiesel (B5), 25% biodiesel (B25), 50% biodiesel (B50) and 100% biodiesel (B100). The results showed an increase in specific consumption from the mixture with 25% biodiesel, however, the storage period had no effect on consumption. The opacity of the smoke dropped from the addition of 5% biodiesel, and the storage period influenced by that variable

Orientador: Afonso Lopes / Banca: Teresa Cristina Tarlé Pissarra / Banca: Gilberto Hirotsugu Azevedo Koike / Resumo: Biodiesel é um combustível renovável, biodegradável e produzido a partir de óleo vegetal ou de gordura animal por meio de transesterificação. A viabilidade desse produto como fonte alternativa de energia depende de vários fatores, entre os quais se destacam a proporção de mistura e a estabilidade durante o período de armazenamento, uma vez que a disponibilidade de matéria-prima é sazonal e varia de acordo com a safra de cada cultura. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o desempenho operacional e a opacidade da fumaça de trator agrícola funcionando com biodiesel de mamona, cujos fatores estudados foram o período de armazenamento e a proporção de mistura biodiesel/diesel. O experimento foi conduzido no Departamento de Engenharia Rural, da UNESP/Jaboticabal, em parceria com o LADETEL/USP-Ribeirão Preto. O período de armazenamento do combustível foi de zero, três e seis meses após a data da fabricação, e as proporções de mistura biodiesel/diesel foram de 0% de biodiesel (B0), 5% de biodiesel (B5), 25% de biodiesel (B25), 50% de biodiesel (B50) e 100% de biodiesel (B100). Os resultados evidenciaram aumento no consumo específico a partir da mistura com 25% de biodiesel; entretanto, o período de armazenamento não influenciou no consumo. A opacidade da fumaça reduziu-se a partir da adição de 5% de biodiesel, destacando-se que o período de armazenamento influenciou na referida variável / Abstract: Biodiesel is a renewable, biodegradable and made from vegetable oil or animal fat through transesterification fuel. The viability of this product as an alternative energy source depends on several factors, among which stand out the mixing ratio and stability during the storage period, since the availability of raw materials is seasonal and varies due to cropping of each plant. This study aimed to evaluate the operational performance and opacity of smoke tractor running biodiesel from castor beans the factors studied were the period of storage and mixing ratio biodiesel/diesel. The experiment was conducted at the Department of Rural Engineering, UNESP/Jaboticabal, in partnership with the Ladetel/USP-Ribeirão Preto. The fuel storage period was zero, three and six months after the date of manufacture, and the proportions of mixing biodiesel/diesel were 0% biodiesel (B0), 5% biodiesel (B5), 25% biodiesel (B25), 50% biodiesel (B50) and 100% biodiesel (B100). The results showed an increase in specific consumption from the mixture with 25% biodiesel, however, the storage period had no effect on consumption. The opacity of the smoke dropped from the addition of 5% biodiesel, and the storage period influenced by that variable / Mestre

>Magister Scientiae - MSc / Coal is seen as a reliable and secure energy source in many countries around the world despite the development of a number of alternative sources of energy. A rise in global energy demand has led to an increase in coal consumption. Consequently, global coal fly ash (CFA) production has increased creating a pressing need for recycling and utilisation of coal fly ash. South Africa produces 50 million tons of ash per year from coal combustion with only about 10 % being utilised. There has been a rise in demand for REEs over the past decades due to their use in optics, automotive, electronics, energy, defence industries etc. These precious elements are known to be contained in CFA, making it a potential source.

No description available.