Thesis (MScEng (Civil Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2006. / In order to plan the engineering work of large construction projects efficiently, a model of the engineering process is required. An engineering process can be modelled by sets of persons, tasks, datasets and tools, as well as the relationships between the elements of these sets. Tasks are more often than not dependent on other tasks in the engineering process. In large projects these dependencies are not easily recognised, and if tasks are not executed in the correct sequence, costly delays may occur. The homogeneous binary relation “has to be executed before” in the set of tasks can be used to determine the logical sequence of tasks algebraically. The relation can be described by a directed graph in the set of tasks, and the logical sequence of tasks can be determined by sorting the graph topologically, if the graph is acyclic. However, in an engineering process, this graph is not necessarily acyclic since certain tasks have to be executed in parallel, causing cycles in the graph. After generating the graph in the set of tasks, it is important to fuse all the cycles. This is achieved by finding the strongly connected components of the graph. The reduced graph, in which each strongly connected component is represented by a vertex, is a directed acyclic graph. The strongly connected components may be determined by different methods, including Kosaraju’s, Tarjan’s and Gabow’s methods. Considering the “has to be executed before” graph in the set of tasks, elementary paths through the graph, i.e. paths which do not contain any vertex more than once, are useful to investigate the influence of tasks on other tasks. For example, the longest elementary path of the graph is the logical critical path. The solution of such path problems in a network may be reduced to the solution of systems of equations using path algebras. The solution of the system of equations may be determined directly, i.e. through Gauss elimination, or iteratively, through Jacobi’s or Gauss-Seidel’s methods or the forward and back substitution method. The vertex sequence of an acyclic graph can be assigned in such a way that the coefficient matrix of the system of equations is reduced to staggered form, after which the solution is found by a simple back substitution. Since an engineering process has a start and an end, it is more acyclic than cyclic. Consequently we can usually reduce a substantial part of the coefficient matrix to staggered form. Using this technique, modifications of the solution methods mentioned above were implemented, and the efficiency of the technique is determined and compared between the various methods.

Implementation of production planning and scheduling systems at Synlait Milk Ltd. for its process manufacturing plant required a project be carried out. Socio-technical considerations as well as ease-of-use for the end-users of a planning system were found to be of the utmost importance in the implementation of a production planning and control system. Implementation options for the systems were weighed and a viable solution found.

A nine (9) point project report submitted to the Faculty of Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Engineering / The successful execution of urban development projects in South Africa's developing comunities is not, as recent experience has amply demonstrated, solely a matter of resolving the technical difficulties. This report motivates the opinion that other matters outside the traditional responsibility of the civil engineer are vital to successful urban development. These matters include planning for economic development. urban managerial and financial matters as well as peripheral project related issues. The report identifies and reviews the most important issues in each of the above mentioned categories, and, based on the author's experience in practice, suggests approaches to these matters. The report concludes that civil engineers, and particularly project managers, should reconsider their role in urban development, A need exists is in this field for project managers to broaden their scope to the management of development in its widest sense. Should timeous action not be taken by the engineering profession to prepare their members for this new role, the void is bound to be filled by another discipline. / Andrew Chakane 2018

Este trabalho partiu da percepção de que a transferência de tecnologia das universidades para o setor produtivo pode ser mais intensa e eficaz no Brasil. Em primeiro lugar, defende-se a importância desse processo, levantando os benefícios que podem ser gerados a todos os envolvidos, direta e indiretamente, e também as barreiras que impedem esse tipo de parceria. Exemplos brasileiros e estrangeiros são utilizados para ilustrar as possibilidades. A revisão bibliográfica inclui ainda um levantamento de fatores de sucesso, e um breve estudo das atribuições do Escritório de Transferência de Tecnologia, mecanismo bastante utilizado para fomentar o processo. Pelo lado prático, este trabalho utiliza o princípio da análise de valor, a abordagem funcional para partir de 3 casos de parcerias de sucesso e traçar um modelo genérico da transferência de tecnologia, que mostre as funções essenciais ao sucesso desse processo. Esse modelo, por não ser específico de uma ou outra situação, pode ser aplicado a outros casos para auxiliar a encontrar falhas, ou seja, funções que não são adequadamente cumpridas, e concentrar esforços para melhorias. / This work started from a perception that the level and effectiveness of technology transfer from universities to industry can be increased in Brazil. First, the importance of this process is highlighted, bringing up the potential benefits to all parties involved, directly and indirectly, and also the barriers posed to this kind of partnership. The possibilities are illustrated by examples, Brazilian and foreign as well. The review also includes the success factors, and a brief analysis of the Technology Transfer Office, which is very common as a means to improve the process. On the practical side, this work uses the base principle of the value analysis, the functional approach to take off from 3 successful partnerships and develop a generic model of the technology transfer, showing the essential functions to the success of this process. Since this model is not specific to any situation, it can be applied to other cases to help find flaws, that is, functions that are not adequately met, and then focus the efforts dedicated to improve the process.

by Chan Kwan Wing, John. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 69-70). / ABSTRACT --- p.ii / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.iii / LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS --- p.v / PREFACE --- p.vii / ACKNOWLEDGEMENT --- p.ix / Chapter / Chapter I. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter II. --- METHODOLOGY --- p.4 / Chapter III. --- VARIOUS ASPECTS IN PROJECT MANAGEMENT --- p.6 / Project Scope Management --- p.6 / Project Evaluation --- p.7 / Define the Objectives --- p.7 / Defining the Project Scope --- p.8 / Project Time Management --- p.10 / Introduction to the S-Curve --- p.11 / Planning and Scheduling with Gantt Charts --- p.13 / Network Representation of a Project --- p.14 / Precedence Diagramming Method --- p.18 / Project Cost Management --- p.20 / Cost Estimating --- p.20 / Pricing Strategies for Contractors --- p.21 / Cost Budgeting --- p.23 / Cost Control --- p.24 / Project Quality Management --- p.29 / Quality Management --- p.29 / Project Human Resources Management --- p.32 / Organizational Planning --- p.32 / Staff Acquisition --- p.33 / Team Development --- p.34 / Project Communication Management --- p.35 / Information Dissemination --- p.35 / Performance reporting --- p.36 / Administrative Closure --- p.36 / Project Risk Management --- p.37 / Risk Identification --- p.37 / Risk Evaluation --- p.37 / Risk response Development --- p.39 / Chapter IV. --- THE HUMAN SIDE OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT --- p.40 / Leadership and Team Building Skills --- p.42 / Interpersonal Influencing and Negotiation Skills --- p.45 / Interpersonal Influencing Skills --- p.45 / Negotiation Skills --- p.46 / Conflict Management Skills --- p.47 / Decision Making and Problem Solving Skills --- p.49 / "Planning, Organizing and Administrative Skills" --- p.50 / Technical Expertise --- p.51 / Chapter V. --- PROJECT MANAGEMENT IN APPLICATION --- p.53 / Real-Life Problems Encountered by Client Project Managers --- p.53 / Real-Life Problems Encountered by Contractor Project Managers --- p.57 / Problems Encountered by Project Managers in General --- p.64 / Chapter VI. --- CONCLUSION: LESSON LEARNT --- p.65 / APPENDIX --- p.68 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.69

This thesis investigates the development of the Brazilian vaccine industry. This industry has experienced a sharp growth in the last decades supported by public policies and a protected and fast-growing public market. In addition, this development is apparently characterized by continuous processes of technology acquisition, rather than indigenous R&D, as the main source of its technological knowledge, and by other specificities in the vaccine context. The research draws on studies of the dynamics of technological capability building in catching-up industries of latecomer contexts, especially during the transition period when they are approaching the innovation frontier. It also draws on those studies focusing on new directions/paths as an alternative strategy adopted to overcome barriers and disadvantages to develop. It has been argued that the specificities of the Brazilian context and, of the vaccine sector, may be determining a particular pattern of technological accumulation to this industry, and that interpreting its pattern of development may be useful to understand how and if this industry has overcome its constraints to develop. A framework based on linear approaches of catching-up, and that integrates the innovation transition approach was built as a benchmark model for the search for similarities and differences in the pattern of development of this industry. The findings show similarities and new directions in the process of technological accumulation of the industry, suggesting that, more recently, it has actually developed through a distinct pattern. They also show the strong role of the government and its public market as one of the drivers of this new path. Distinct roles of the technology acquisition strategy and a high level of technological capabilities currently developed are also revealed. Finally, they show that the technology acquisition strategy has effectively contributed to the development of this industry and that the constraints to the completion of the transition phase is linked less to technical and scientific issues and more to managerial and policy ones.

Este trabalho partiu da percepção de que a transferência de tecnologia das universidades para o setor produtivo pode ser mais intensa e eficaz no Brasil. Em primeiro lugar, defende-se a importância desse processo, levantando os benefícios que podem ser gerados a todos os envolvidos, direta e indiretamente, e também as barreiras que impedem esse tipo de parceria. Exemplos brasileiros e estrangeiros são utilizados para ilustrar as possibilidades. A revisão bibliográfica inclui ainda um levantamento de fatores de sucesso, e um breve estudo das atribuições do Escritório de Transferência de Tecnologia, mecanismo bastante utilizado para fomentar o processo. Pelo lado prático, este trabalho utiliza o princípio da análise de valor, a abordagem funcional para partir de 3 casos de parcerias de sucesso e traçar um modelo genérico da transferência de tecnologia, que mostre as funções essenciais ao sucesso desse processo. Esse modelo, por não ser específico de uma ou outra situação, pode ser aplicado a outros casos para auxiliar a encontrar falhas, ou seja, funções que não são adequadamente cumpridas, e concentrar esforços para melhorias. / This work started from a perception that the level and effectiveness of technology transfer from universities to industry can be increased in Brazil. First, the importance of this process is highlighted, bringing up the potential benefits to all parties involved, directly and indirectly, and also the barriers posed to this kind of partnership. The possibilities are illustrated by examples, Brazilian and foreign as well. The review also includes the success factors, and a brief analysis of the Technology Transfer Office, which is very common as a means to improve the process. On the practical side, this work uses the base principle of the value analysis, the functional approach to take off from 3 successful partnerships and develop a generic model of the technology transfer, showing the essential functions to the success of this process. Since this model is not specific to any situation, it can be applied to other cases to help find flaws, that is, functions that are not adequately met, and then focus the efforts dedicated to improve the process.

<p>Na uzorku od 334 ispitanika zaposlenih u<br />vojnoorganizacionim sistemima provedeno je istraživanje o<br />uticaju vrednosti i liderstva na zadovoljstvo internom<br />komunikacijom. Istraživanje je pokazalo da postoji<br />statistički značajan uticaj obe promenjive na zadovoljstvo<br />internom komunikacijom. Porast liderskih osobina<br />umanjuje zadovoljstvo internom komunikacijom a porast<br />vrednosti povećava zadovoljstvo internom komunikacijom.</p> / <p>In a sample of 334 respondents employed in military<br />systems research was conducted on the impact of values<br />and leadership to the satisfaction of internal<br />communication. The study showed a statistically significant<br />effect of both variables to the satisfaction of internal<br />communication. Increase leadership qualities diminish the<br />pleasure of internal communication and increase the value<br />of increasing satisfaction with internal communications.</p>

This thesis shows the results of an experiment in order to test the validity of Methods Time Measurement (MTM) data. MTM, developed in 1948, is one of the most commonly used Predetermined Motion Time Systems to calculate standard time for a task. However, there is limited research on the validity of the MTM data in the literature. Today&rsquo / s technology provides new computerized tools to perform time studies. One of such tools is Real Time Method Study (RTMS). RTMS is a computerized method study tool being developed in METU Technopolis, which uses Image Processing and Machine Learning to conduct time studies automatically. RTMS uses MTM data as a benchmark data to compare observed performance results / therefore validity of MTM data is an important issue for it. In order to test the validity of MTM data an experiment conducted in the Ergonomics Laboratory of the METU Industrial Engineering Department. In this experiment 40 undergraduate students performed four different tasks. These tasks were recorded by a video camera and analyzed frame by frame to calculate normal times for basic motions of MTM. Results are compared with the original MTM data and it is shown that MTM times do not fit the observed data. This study in the end suggests updating MTM data or constructing a new standard time database by using a tool like RTMS.

The facilities layout problem, which is an integral part of facilities design, aims to spatially locate the production units within a facility subject to some design criteria and area limitations, with one or multiple objectives. In this study, the layout problem is reviewed in detail, with an emphasis on the dynamic environment it operates in. Despite the fact that layouts within the context of changing manufacturing requirements represent the problem better, the single period block layout problem is observed to have remained worth analyzing. In this thesis, a hybrid model that combines the strong aspects of the available models in the literature is constructed for the single period block layout problem. The LP relaxation of this model and the effect of adding valid inequalities to the model are studied. A rounding heuristic based on the LP relaxation of the problem is proposed and computational experimentation is made. Also, an evolutionary algorithm scheme that uses the sequence pair representation is proposed. Three mutation operators are developed to be used in this scheme. Preliminary test are made for implementations of these operators and results are given.