Today most demolition projects undertaken are complex and involve many parties who must comply with a myriad of regulations as well as other constraints (e.g. finance). The management of demolition projects requires individual team members to have a wide range of skills and knowledge in addition to practical experience. Demolition processes currently operated are frequently performed in an unstructured, intuitive manner with considerable reliance on experience, skill, knowledge or subjective judgement of the demolition engineer or other individual responsible for a demolition project. Research on demolition ‘process management' is a new area that has rarely been addressed. However, within the building design and construction management sectors, there are a number of intelligent solutions that have been developed to assist in the management of business processes and business process re-engineering. Process management systems and process mapping through the use of Information Communication and Technology (ICT) technology have been applied to help the construction industry significantly improve performance. In an attempt to provide intelligent support to the management of dynamic demolition processes, this research reports upon that was developed using ICT applications a management system prototype entitled “Demolish-IT”. The prototype of Demolish-IT utilises four tiers of information which includes: (1) the standard demolition process map; (2) user-defined demolition process map; (3) demolition task manager; and (4) database of demolition process requirements. The prototype provides on ICT platform that unifies demolition processes and requirements to achieve improved process management. The research involved a combination of face-to-face interviews with demolition experts; real projects document reviews and site observation to produce the generic demolition process map. Other products of the work included: database solutions to store demolition process requirements; and process modelling to manage demolition task compliance flow within relevant industry standards. Evaluation of the research work proved its validity, acceptance and applicability within industry. Future work will aim to transpose the outputs into commercially viable software.

Com o aumento da competição, provocado pela globalização da economia, as organizações estão em uma luta contínua pela sua sobrevivência no mercado. Essa sobrevivência passa obrigatoriamente pela organização de sua gestão, em busca de tornar-se mais competitiva. Um dos pontos principais que fazem as empresas mais competitivas é a gestão de seus processos e o alinhamento deles com seus objetivos estratégicos. A eficiência das empresas está ligada diretamente à eficiência de seus processos, de forma que seu aperfeiçoamento é um dos objetivos fundamentais para qualquer empresa, sendo o tema central deste trabalho. Inicialmente é apresentada uma série de conceitos que demonstram a importância da gestão de processos, detalhando algumas das ferramentas de desenho e notações utilizadas. A seguir, são apresentadas algumas das principais metodologias utilizadas atualmente para o mapeamento de processos, e um quadro comparativo dessas metodologias é elaborado e analisado, verificando-se as principais etapas de cada metodologia e seu principal objetivo. Posteriormente, é feita a proposição de uma nova metodologia de mapeamento de processos, que tem como princípio a implantação de melhorias na medida em que elas são detectadas durante o mapeamento, fazendo com que as empresas obtenham resultados mais rápidos. A metodologia proposta difere fundamentalmente das metodologias usuais pelo fato destas só implementarem as melhorias depois de realizado todo o processo de mapeamento, o que torna a obtenção de resultados muito demorada. / With the increase of competition, caused by the economy globalization, the organizations are in a continuous struggle for their survival in the market. This survival necessarily passes by the organization of its management, aiming to become more competitive. One of the main points that make the companies more competitive is the management of their processes and their alignment with their strategic goals. The efficiency of the companies is directly connected to the efficiency of their processes, so that its improvement is one of the fundamental goals for any company, that being the central theme of this paper. Initially, a series of concepts that show the importance of the process management is introduced, detailing some of the drawing tools and used notations. Following, some of the main methodologies currently used for the process mapping are presented, and a comparative table of theses methodologies is elaborated and analyzed, verifying the main steps of each one and their main goal. Subsequently, the proposition of a new methodology for process mapping is made, whose principle is the implantation of improvement as they are detected during the mapping, leading the companies to obtain faster results. The proposed methodology essentially differs from the usual methodologies because these ones just implement the improvements after all the mapping process is made, which takes a long time for the achievement of results.

The Swedish School of Textiles is an international resource centre with more than onethousand students. The Institution did not only grow massively in many last years, but hadalso grown in an uncoordinated way.Some staffs now do the same tasks; therefore it wastes a lot of time for discussion whichjob has already been done or who should do which job. In addition, the organization hasthe functional design with responsibilities for some tasks of each staff, therefore if somestaff gets ill, his or her tasks are still undone. Everything is focused on one customer (thestudents) but more customers have to be considered.The Theoretical frame work are ISO 9001:2000 a Quality Management System that isbased on processes and process mapping.In order to achieve process mapping, several Quality Management tools have to be used astree diagram, affinity diagram, and interviews.The process mapping is suitable for visualization the administration’s current work flowand clearly definition the interfaces of working of the administration staffs.The results are process mapping of the main processes and one level down in the subprocesses.Consequently, the thesis would help the administration department for clearlydefining their processes, including suggestion of continuous improvement as beingpresented in the suggestion part. / Uppsatsnivå: D

Com o aumento da competição, provocado pela globalização da economia, as organizações estão em uma luta contínua pela sua sobrevivência no mercado. Essa sobrevivência passa obrigatoriamente pela organização de sua gestão, em busca de tornar-se mais competitiva. Um dos pontos principais que fazem as empresas mais competitivas é a gestão de seus processos e o alinhamento deles com seus objetivos estratégicos. A eficiência das empresas está ligada diretamente à eficiência de seus processos, de forma que seu aperfeiçoamento é um dos objetivos fundamentais para qualquer empresa, sendo o tema central deste trabalho. Inicialmente é apresentada uma série de conceitos que demonstram a importância da gestão de processos, detalhando algumas das ferramentas de desenho e notações utilizadas. A seguir, são apresentadas algumas das principais metodologias utilizadas atualmente para o mapeamento de processos, e um quadro comparativo dessas metodologias é elaborado e analisado, verificando-se as principais etapas de cada metodologia e seu principal objetivo. Posteriormente, é feita a proposição de uma nova metodologia de mapeamento de processos, que tem como princípio a implantação de melhorias na medida em que elas são detectadas durante o mapeamento, fazendo com que as empresas obtenham resultados mais rápidos. A metodologia proposta difere fundamentalmente das metodologias usuais pelo fato destas só implementarem as melhorias depois de realizado todo o processo de mapeamento, o que torna a obtenção de resultados muito demorada. / With the increase of competition, caused by the economy globalization, the organizations are in a continuous struggle for their survival in the market. This survival necessarily passes by the organization of its management, aiming to become more competitive. One of the main points that make the companies more competitive is the management of their processes and their alignment with their strategic goals. The efficiency of the companies is directly connected to the efficiency of their processes, so that its improvement is one of the fundamental goals for any company, that being the central theme of this paper. Initially, a series of concepts that show the importance of the process management is introduced, detailing some of the drawing tools and used notations. Following, some of the main methodologies currently used for the process mapping are presented, and a comparative table of theses methodologies is elaborated and analyzed, verifying the main steps of each one and their main goal. Subsequently, the proposition of a new methodology for process mapping is made, whose principle is the implantation of improvement as they are detected during the mapping, leading the companies to obtain faster results. The proposed methodology essentially differs from the usual methodologies because these ones just implement the improvements after all the mapping process is made, which takes a long time for the achievement of results.

abstract: This research focuses on assessing the impact of various process mapping activities aimed at improving students' abilities to plan for Building Information Modeling (BIM). During the various educational activities, students were tasked with generating process maps to illustrate plans for hypothetical construction projects. Several different educational approaches for developing process maps were used, beginning in the Fall 2015 semester. In all iterations of the learning activity, students were asked to create level 1 (project-specific) and level 2 (BIM use-specific) process maps based on a previously published BIM Project Execution Planning Guide. In Fall 2015, a peer review activity was conducted. In Spring 2016, a collaborative activity was conducted. Beginning in the Fall 2016 and Spring 2017 semesters, an additional process mapping activity was conducted aimed at separating process mapping and BIM planning into separate activities. In Fall 2016, the BIM activity was conducted in groups of three whereas in Spring 2017, the students were asked to create individual process maps for the given BIM use. To understand the impact of the activity on students' perception of their own knowledge, a pre-and post-activity questionnaire was developed. It covered questions related to: (i) students' ability to create a process map, (ii) students' perception about the importance of a process map and (iii) students' perception about their own knowledge of the BIM execution process. The process maps were analyzed using a grading rubric developed by the author. The grading rubric is the major contribution of the work as there is no existing rubric to assess a BIM process map. The grading rubric divides each process map into five sections, including: core activity; activities preceding the core activity; activities following the core activity; loop/iteration; and communication across the swim lanes. The rubric consist of two parts that evaluate (i) the ability of students to demonstrate each section and (ii) the quality of demonstration of each section. The author conducted an inter-rater reliability index to validate the rubric. This inter-rater reliability index compares the scores students’ process maps were when assessed by graduate students, faculty, and industry practitioners. The reviewers graded the same set of twelve process maps. The inter-rater reliability index was found to be 0.21, which indicates a fair agreement between the graders. The non-BIM activity approach was perceived as the most impactful approach by the students. The assessment of the process maps with the rubric indicated that the non-BIM approach was the most impactful approach for enabling students to demonstrate their ability to create a process map. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Construction 2017

Com o aumento da competição, provocado pela globalização da economia, as organizações estão em uma luta contínua pela sua sobrevivência no mercado. Essa sobrevivência passa obrigatoriamente pela organização de sua gestão, em busca de tornar-se mais competitiva. Um dos pontos principais que fazem as empresas mais competitivas é a gestão de seus processos e o alinhamento deles com seus objetivos estratégicos. A eficiência das empresas está ligada diretamente à eficiência de seus processos, de forma que seu aperfeiçoamento é um dos objetivos fundamentais para qualquer empresa, sendo o tema central deste trabalho. Inicialmente é apresentada uma série de conceitos que demonstram a importância da gestão de processos, detalhando algumas das ferramentas de desenho e notações utilizadas. A seguir, são apresentadas algumas das principais metodologias utilizadas atualmente para o mapeamento de processos, e um quadro comparativo dessas metodologias é elaborado e analisado, verificando-se as principais etapas de cada metodologia e seu principal objetivo. Posteriormente, é feita a proposição de uma nova metodologia de mapeamento de processos, que tem como princípio a implantação de melhorias na medida em que elas são detectadas durante o mapeamento, fazendo com que as empresas obtenham resultados mais rápidos. A metodologia proposta difere fundamentalmente das metodologias usuais pelo fato destas só implementarem as melhorias depois de realizado todo o processo de mapeamento, o que torna a obtenção de resultados muito demorada. / With the increase of competition, caused by the economy globalization, the organizations are in a continuous struggle for their survival in the market. This survival necessarily passes by the organization of its management, aiming to become more competitive. One of the main points that make the companies more competitive is the management of their processes and their alignment with their strategic goals. The efficiency of the companies is directly connected to the efficiency of their processes, so that its improvement is one of the fundamental goals for any company, that being the central theme of this paper. Initially, a series of concepts that show the importance of the process management is introduced, detailing some of the drawing tools and used notations. Following, some of the main methodologies currently used for the process mapping are presented, and a comparative table of theses methodologies is elaborated and analyzed, verifying the main steps of each one and their main goal. Subsequently, the proposition of a new methodology for process mapping is made, whose principle is the implantation of improvement as they are detected during the mapping, leading the companies to obtain faster results. The proposed methodology essentially differs from the usual methodologies because these ones just implement the improvements after all the mapping process is made, which takes a long time for the achievement of results.

This research will focus on how applied the Time-based process mapping applied into the practical case. By comparing the difference between traditional process mapping tools and Time-based process map(TBPM), this research find out which kind of company and situation is suitable for TBPM and the reasons why the TBPM is suitable for this situation. The major research happens at IKEA’s DC terminal in Torsvik, Jönköping, Sweden. The holistic process will be mentioned in the beginning of the research, in order to better understand the current state in IKEA’s distribution centrel.

In recent decades, society's concern about unsustainable development has grown steadily, while the desire to deal with the situation has also grown in connection with the concern and increased interest in the environment. The development of new concepts for systematic control and follow-up has also been steadily growing. The concepts developed are different environmental management systems, where the most accepted management system is ISO 14001. This has resulted in the development of tools with specific goals, in this study's focus, the Life Cycle Analysis. With the above background as a basis, this study aims to investigate and develop improvement measures in an organization with a focus on life cycle analysis and process mapping. The theory of the study is based on the ISO standards and in literature, while relevant models for the study are presented. The method through the writing of the study has been based on interviews, observations and literature studies and that validity, reliability, generalizability, and ethical positions have been kept in mind throughout the study to ensure a high quality.  The completed study came up with two suggestions for improvement: implement a process map for work with life cycle analysis and implement a flowchart for the decision process for products on which an LCA is to be performed. In the penultimate chapter of the study, the improvement proposals are presented which can hopefully make the organization's current working methods more efficient. / De senaste decennierna har samhällets oro för den icke-hållbara utvecklingen vuxit stadigt, samtidigt som även viljan att hantera situationen vuxit i samband med oron och ökat intresset för miljön. Utvecklingen av nya koncept för systematisk styrning och uppföljning har även de varit stadigt växande. Koncepten som utvecklats är olika miljöledningssystem, där det mest accepterade ledningssystemet är ISO 14001. Detta har resulterat i att verktyg med specifika mål utvecklats, i denna studies fokus, Livscykelanalysen. Med bakgrunden ovan som underlag, syftar denna studie till att undersöka och utveckla förbättringsåtgärder i en organisation med fokus på livscykelanalys och processkartläggning. Studiens teori grundar sig i ISO-standarderna och i litteratur samtidigt som relevanta modeller för studien presenteras. Metoden genom studiens skrivande har baserat sig på intervjuer, observationer och litteraturstudier samt att validitet, tillförlitlighet, generaliserbarhet och etiska ställningstaganden hafts i åtanke genom hela studien för att säkerställa en god kvalitet.  Den genomförda studien kom fram till två förbättringsförslag: implementera en processkarta för arbete med livscykelanalys samt implementera ett flödesschema för beslutsprocess vid produkter som en LCA ska utföras på. I studiens näst sista kapitel presenteras förbättringsförslagen som förhoppningsvis kan effektivisera organisationens nuvarande arbetssätt.

Bakgrund: Ur en logistisk synvinkel är order-till-leveransprocessen en av de viktigaste processerna ett företag förfogar över, då processen inkluderar flera aktörer och samarbetet mellan dessa är av stor vikt. Ett företags processer bör granskas så att kvalitetsbrister kan identifieras för att sedan eliminera dubbelaktiviteter samt icke-värdeadderande aktiviteter som återfinns i processerna. En processkartläggning underlättar identifieringen av kvalitetsbrister i en process samt att den skapar en förståelse hur företagets olika delar hänger ihop för att skapa det slutliga kundvärdet. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att genom en processkartläggning av JGAs order-till-leveransprocess identifiera kvalitetsbrister som uppstår från godshämtning av sågat och torkat virke till avsändning mot kund. Vidare kommer syftet ta fram grundläggande orsaker till kvalitetsbristerna i JGAs produktförädling samt ge rekommendationer till hur dessa kan minimeras. Metod: Studien är en fallstudie för JGAs order-till-leveransprocess med ett positivistiskt synsätt och deduktivt angreppsätt. Den empiri som studien bygger på har samlats in genom semi- och ostrukturerade intervjuer, deltagande observationer samt en fokusgrupp. Teorin kring processkartläggning, kvalitetsbrister och orsak-verkandiagram har samlats in från litteratur från Linneuniversitetets bibliotek och genom databaser. Urval för intervjupersoner har skett genom ett snöbollsurval. Slutsatser: Kvalitetsbrister i JGAs order-till-leveransprocess har identifierats med hjälp av den processkartläggning som gjorts för studien. Dessa kvalitetsbrister har tillsammans med JGA diskuterats för att se vad som krävs för att åtgärda dessa och vilken effekt de skulle få för verksamheten. För varje kvalitetsbrists har författarna listat flera förbättringsförslag som de rekommenderar för JGA. / Background: Form a logistics point of view the order-to-delivery process is one of the most important processes in a company. Due to the number of operators included in the process, cooperation between them is of great importance. Company’s processes should be evaluated in order to identify quality defects and to eliminate dual activities and non-value adding activities. A process mapping help the company to identify quality defects within the process and to create a better understanding on how the company’s different activities connect in order to create value for the customer. Purpose: The purpose of this study is through a process mapping of JGA’s order-to-delivery process identify quality defects arising within the process, starting with sawed and dried lumber to delivery to customer. Furthermore, the purpose is to identify the cause to the defects within the process and give recommendations on how these can be minimized. Method: This study is a case study on JGA’s order-to-delivery process with a positivistic and deductive approach. The empirical data has been collected though semi and unstructured interviews, participant observation and a focus group. The theory regarding process mapping, quality deficiencies and cause-effect has been collected from literature from Linnaeus University library and different databases. Selections of interviewees have been through a snowball selection. Conclusions: Quality deficiencies within JGAs order-to-delivery process has been identified though the process mapping that has been done in the study. These quality deficiencies have been discussed together with JGA to se what effort it takes to solve them and the effect it would have on the business. For each quality deficiency the authors have listed a number of improvement proposals that they recommend to JGA.

Bakgrund: Formgivningsprocessen på Svensson & Linnér är en produktionsprocess som syftar till att förändra produktens form genom pressning samt böjning. I en produktionsprocess existerar det oftast ett flertal slöserier och kapacitetbegränsningar som inte kan identifieras förrän en processkartläggning är gjord. Kartläggning av processer möjliggör därför att företag blir medvetna om de slöserier och kapacitetsbegränsningar som existerar. Detta gör att företag kan förbättra sina processer genom att eliminera ledtider, väntetider och onödiga rörelser. Syfte: Syftet med detta examensarbete är att identifiera slöserier och kapacitetsbegränsningar i formgivningsprocessen på Svensson & Linnér samt förklara dess bakomliggande orsaker. Syftet är vidare att föreslå förbättringsåtgärder som borde göras för att öka kapaciteten i processen. Metod: Studien som genomförts är en fallstudie på företaget Svensson & Linnér där data samlats in genom deltagande och strukturerade observationer samt genom ostrukturerade och semi-strukturerade intervjuer. En processkartläggning och beräkningar av kapacitetsutnyttjandet har gjorts för att kunna identifiera slöserier och kapacitetsbegränsningar. Orsak-verkandiagram har sedan upprättas för att identifiera bakomliggande orsaker och ge förslag på förbättringsåtgärder som bör göras för att öka kapaciteten i processen. Slutsatser: Studien har kommit fram till att det i formgivningsprocessen existerar slöserier i form av onödiga lager, rörelser, transporter, väntan, inkorrekta processer, defekta produkter och outnyttjad kreativitet hos medarbetarna. Efter beräkningar av kapacitetsutnyttjandet i processen identifierades det att funktionen skär- och sliproboten är kapacitetsbegränsningen i processen. Utifrån de bakomliggande orsakerna har fem förbättringsförslag identifierats som kan leda till kapacitetsökning i formgivningsprocessen. Svensson & Linnér bör endast ha ett lager för stansat faner där FIFO-principen och ställagring av pallat gods bör användas. I processen bör fel och brister åtgärdas långsiktigt istället för provisoriskt och arbetssättet bör standardiseras. I robotcellerna bör soptunnor placeras ut så att avfall kan slängas direkt och inte vid skiftbytet senare. För att öka kapaciteten i kapacitetsbegränsningen, skär- och sliproboten, föreslås det att fallföretaget ska anpassa kapaciteten efter efterfrågan på produkten genom att utnyttja övertid i processen. / Background: The shaping process at Svensson and Linnér is a process that aims to change the shape of the product by pressing and bending. In a production process there usually exists a number of wastes or capacity constraints which not can be identified until a process mapping is made. A mapping of a process therefore enables companies to become aware of the waste and the capacity constraints that exist. This enables companies to improve their processes by eliminating lead times, waiting times and unnecessary movements. Purpose: The aim of this thesis to identify waste and capacity constraints in the shaping process at Svensson & Linnér and to explain its underlying causes. The aim is then to propose improvements that should be done in order to increase the capacity in the shaping process. Method: The study is conducted as a case study at the company Svensson & Linnér where data was collected through participant and structured observations and through unstructured and semi-structured interviews. A process mapping and calculations of capacity utilization has been made to identify waste and capacity constraints. Cause - effect diagrams was then established to identify the underlying causes and to suggest improvements that could lead to increased capacity. Conclusions: The study has concluded that it in the shaping process exists wastes in terms of unnecessary inventory, motion, transportation, waiting, incorrect procedures, defective products and untapped creativity of the operatives. After calculations of capacity utilization in the process, it was identified that the cutting and grinding robot is the capacity limit of the process. Based on the underlying causes have five suggestions for improvements been identified that could lead to increased capacity in the shaping process. Svensson & Linnér should only have one stock for punched veneer where the FIFO principle and rack storage of palletized goods should be used. In the process should errors and flaws be fixed in long terms instead of provisionally and working methods should be standardized. In the robot cells should dustbins be placed so that waste can be disposed immediately and not at the shift change later. To increase the capacity of the capacity constraint, cutting and grinding robot, it is suggested that the company should adjust their capacity to demand for the product by using overtime in the process.