Review of Hadfield, Andrew and Neil Rhodes, Gen ed. MHRA Tudor & Stuart Translations. 23 vols. London: Modern Humanities Research Association 2011-2017.

This thesis considers the idea of the 'metaphysical' in sixteenth- and seventeenthcentury women's poetry, notably by exploring the female-voiced lyrics affiliated with Marie Maitland (d. 1596) in the Scottish manuscript verse miscellany, the Maitland Quarto (c. 1586). The study aims to reintegrate important strands of Renaissance culture which have been lost by too exclusive a focus on English, male writing and contexts. For many literary historians the 'metaphysical' refers overwhelmingly to Dryden's pejorative categorization of Donne and his followers. However, Sarah Hutton has recently shown how the 'metaphysical' can be traced to an Aristotelian Neoplatonism, whereby influential fifteenth-century thinkers such as Marsilio Ficino were conflating the spiritual and material for political purposes. For the queer Renaissance critic, Michael Morgan Holmes, the 'political' pertains to individual spiritual-material desires which can undermine hegemonic definitions of the natural and unnatural. Building on this, my thesis illuminates 'metaphysics' in the work of Maitland, Aemilia Lanyer (1569-1645), Constance Aston Fowler (1621?-1664) and Katherine Philips (1632- 1664). These poets use the physical and spiritual bonds between women to explore the nature of female space, time and identity. Hutton's and Holmes's definition of the 'metaphysical' has special applicability for these poets, as they tacitly deconstruct the patriarchal construction of the virgin/whore and offer their own configuration of the spiritual-sensual woman. While critics have foregrounded a male metaphysical tradition in the early modern period, this study proposes that there is a 'dissident' female metaphysical strand that challenges the 'dominant' male discourses of the time. Over the last few decades, feminist scholars, notably, Lorna Hutson, Barbara Lewalski, Kate Chedgzoy, Carol Barash and Valerie Traub have reinstated the work of Lanyer and Philips in the English canon of Renaissance writing. More recently Sarah Dunnigan has drawn attention to the importance of the Scots poet and compiler, Maitland. Moreover, Helen Hackett has indicated that the writings of Fowler force us to rethink the roles of women in early modern literary culture. I take this further in two ways. First, I examine these poets' relationship to the 'metaphysical', the importance of which has been underestimated by critics, despite Dryden's original gendered use of the term. Secondly, I propose that these writers are responding to a 'polyglottal' female metaphysical tradition that develops in Renaissance Europe through a female republic of letters. I also assess the difficulties in belonging to a 'female tradition' in an era where female authorship was necessarily affected by misogynistic attitudes to women as writers. The research re-contextualizes the work of these women by examining the philosophical ideologies of Aristotle, Ficino, Marguerite of Navarre, Donne, Sir Richard Maitland, Mary Stewart, Queen of Scots, Elizabeth Melville, Olympia Morata, Herbert Aston, Katherine Thimelby, St Teresa of Ávila and Andrew Marvell. By juxtaposing these four poets and reading them from within this philosophical-political context, the thesis sheds new light on the nature of early modern female intertextuality, whilst challenging male Anglocentric definitions of the 'Renaissance'.

A tese visa compreender a Utopia como uma obra política moderna de caráter literário e filosófico. A abordagem do aspecto literário é feita no primeiro capítulo e retomada no final, e busca em, primeiro lugar, estabelecer as diferenças fundamentais entre a Utopia e alguns dos constructos ideais que a precederam e com os quais ela é recorrentemente identificada, tais como a Era de Ouro, o paraíso e a Atlântida; em segundo lugar, ela procura também verificar a proximidade e a distancia da Utopia em relação à sátira, gênero literário com o qual a obra passou a ser identificado mais recentemente por uma parcela dos comentadores, mudando-se o seu registro do apologético para o crítico. O aspecto filosófico é tratado no segundo e no terceiro capítulos. No segundo se procura mapear as relações da Utopia com a filosofia política clássica, sobretudo no que respeita aos constructos filosóficos ideais, enquanto que o capítulo três discute a vinculação da Utopia com o humanismo erasmiano, do qual ela é, ao mesmo tempo, devedora e crítica. O quarto capítulo apresenta as considerações finais, procurando caracterizar a obra como um produto do renascimento inglês, produto este que combina literatura e filosofia de uma maneira singular, ambas se mesclando para compor o sentido político da obra, ambas com igual direito de cidadania em Utopia. / The thesis aims to understand Utopia as a modern political work of literary and philosophical character. The approach to the literary aspect is made in the first chapter and resumed at the end, and seeks first to establish the fundamental differences between Utopia and some of the ideal constructs that preceded it and with which it is recurrently identified, such as Age Of Gold, paradise and Atlantis; secondly, it also seeks to verify the proximity and distance of Utopia in relation to satire, a literary genre with which the work has been identified more recently by a portion of the commentators. The philosophical aspect is dealt with in the second and third chapters. In the second, we try to map the relations of Utopia with classical political philosophy, especially with regard to ideal philosophical constructs, while chapter three discusses the connection of Utopia with Erasmian humanism, of which it is at once debtor and critical. The fourth chapter presents the final considerations, seeking to characterize the Utopia as a product of the English Renaissance, a product that combines literature and philosophy in a unique way, both merging to compose the political sense of the work, both with equal citizenship rights in Utopia.

A tese visa compreender a Utopia como uma obra política moderna de caráter literário e filosófico. A abordagem do aspecto literário é feita no primeiro capítulo e retomada no final, e busca em, primeiro lugar, estabelecer as diferenças fundamentais entre a Utopia e alguns dos constructos ideais que a precederam e com os quais ela é recorrentemente identificada, tais como a Era de Ouro, o paraíso e a Atlântida; em segundo lugar, ela procura também verificar a proximidade e a distancia da Utopia em relação à sátira, gênero literário com o qual a obra passou a ser identificado mais recentemente por uma parcela dos comentadores, mudando-se o seu registro do apologético para o crítico. O aspecto filosófico é tratado no segundo e no terceiro capítulos. No segundo se procura mapear as relações da Utopia com a filosofia política clássica, sobretudo no que respeita aos constructos filosóficos ideais, enquanto que o capítulo três discute a vinculação da Utopia com o humanismo erasmiano, do qual ela é, ao mesmo tempo, devedora e crítica. O quarto capítulo apresenta as considerações finais, procurando caracterizar a obra como um produto do renascimento inglês, produto este que combina literatura e filosofia de uma maneira singular, ambas se mesclando para compor o sentido político da obra, ambas com igual direito de cidadania em Utopia. / The thesis aims to understand Utopia as a modern political work of literary and philosophical character. The approach to the literary aspect is made in the first chapter and resumed at the end, and seeks first to establish the fundamental differences between Utopia and some of the ideal constructs that preceded it and with which it is recurrently identified, such as Age Of Gold, paradise and Atlantis; secondly, it also seeks to verify the proximity and distance of Utopia in relation to satire, a literary genre with which the work has been identified more recently by a portion of the commentators. The philosophical aspect is dealt with in the second and third chapters. In the second, we try to map the relations of Utopia with classical political philosophy, especially with regard to ideal philosophical constructs, while chapter three discusses the connection of Utopia with Erasmian humanism, of which it is at once debtor and critical. The fourth chapter presents the final considerations, seeking to characterize the Utopia as a product of the English Renaissance, a product that combines literature and philosophy in a unique way, both merging to compose the political sense of the work, both with equal citizenship rights in Utopia.

Orientador: Carlos Eduardo Ornelas Berriel / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T19:08:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lopes_JulianadeOliveira_M.pdf: 1925950 bytes, checksum: 39cb8214255d1831693b236c1724cadd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Este trabalho apresenta um estudo sobre a melancolia na obra de Robert Burton, The Anatomy of Melancholy. Sob a perspectiva de um clérigo inglês de Oxford que vive no século XVII sob a égide do rei Jaime I, a pergunta do melancólico Burton é justamente por que o homem é melancólico. Será uma disposição transitória, um hábito ou uma maldição sobre a humanidade? Por que os homens não entendem a melancolia como sua condição de mortais, decaídos, separados do Sagrado, e se voltam para Deus ao invés de propor reformas sociais ineficazes como as utopias tão usuais no Renascimento inglês? Focando a pesquisa no texto Democritus Junior to the Reader que abre a obra, sem, no entanto, deixar de percorrer todo seu extenso tratado sobre a melancolia, o presente trabalho inquieta-se e questiona junto com Robert Burton, dialoga com seus contemporâneos renascentistas, com pensadores clássicos que abordam temáticas sobre o homem, com pensadores atuais, e procura não respostas resolutas, mas o debate permanente entre literatura, filosofia, teologia, história e outras fontes de conhecimento que ajudaram o studia humanitatis e ainda hoje nos ajudam a aplacar nossa sede pelo mistério do saber / Abstract: This work presents a study about melancholy on Robert Burton?s The Anatomy of Melancholy. Under a clergyman perspective from Oxford who lives in the XVII century on James I?s Kingdom, the melancholic Burton?s query is exactly why the man is melancholic. Is it a transitory disposition, a habit or a curse over humanity? Why men do not understand that melancholy is their mortal condition, that they are decayed, separated from the Sacred, and come back to God instead of proposing such ineffective social reforms like utopias as it was usual in the English Renaissance? Focusing the research on the text Democritus Junior to the Reader that opens his work, nevertheless not neglecting all his extense treatise about melancholy, this dissertation joins Burton and fidgets and requires, dialogues with his contemporaneous renaissance men, with classical thinkers who tell of themes about men, with current thinkers, and wants not resolute answers, but the permanent debate among Literature, Philosophy, Theology, History and others knowledge sources that guided the studia humanitatis and has been guiding us to assuage our thirst for knowledge that still is too mysterious / Mestrado / Teoria e Critica Literaria / Mestre em Teoria e História Literária

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This thesis consists of two components: a 70,000-word verse novel and a 50,000-word critical component that has arisen out of the research process for that novel. Creative Component: The Marlowe Papers The Marlowe Papers is a full-length verse novel written entirely in iambic pentameter. As with verse novels such as The Golden Gate by Vikram Seth, or The Emperor's Babe by Bernadine Evaristo, its inspiration, derivation, conventions and scope owe more to the prose novel than to the epic poem. Though there is as yet no widely-accepted definition, a verse novel may be distinguished from an epic poem where it consists, as in this case, of numerous discrete poems, each constituting a ‘chapter' of the novel. This conception allows for considerable variations in form and tone that would not be possible in the more cohesive tradition of the epic poem. The Marlowe Papers is a fictional autobiography of Christopher Marlowe based on the idea that he used the pseudonym ‘William Shakespeare' (employing the Stratford merchant as a ‘front'), having faked his own death and fled abroad to escape capital charges for atheism and heresy. The verse novel, written in dramatic scenes, traces his life from his flight on 30 May 1593, through the back-story (starting in 1586) that led to his prosecution, as we similarly track his progress on the Continent and in England until just after James I accedes to the English throne. The poems are a mixture of longer blank verse narratives and smaller, more lyrical poems (including sonnets). Explanatory notes to the poems, and a Dramatis Personae, are included on the advice of my creative supervisor. Critical Component: Writing Marlowe As Writing Shakespeare This part of the thesis explores the relationship between early modern biographies and fiction, questioning certain ‘facts' of Marlovian and Shakespearean biography in the light of the ‘thought experiment' of the verse novel. Marlowe's reputation for violence is reassessed in the light of scholarly doubt about the veracity of the inquest document, and Shakespeare's sonnets are reinterpreted through the lens of the Marlovian theory of Shakespeare authorship. The argument is that orthodox and non-Stratfordian theories might be considered competing paradigms; simply different frameworks through which interpretation of the same data leads to different conclusions. Interdisciplinary influences include Kuhn's philosophy of scientific discovery, post-modern narrativist history, neuroscience, psychology, and quantum physics (in the form of the ‘observer effect'). Data that is either anomalous or inexplicable under the orthodox paradigm is demonstrated to support a Marlovian reading, and the current state of the Shakespeare authorship question is assessed. Certain primary source documents were examined at the Bodleian Library, at the British Library, and at Lambeth Palace Library. Versions of Chapters 2, 3 and 4, written under supervision during this doctorate, have all been published, either as a book chapter or as a journal article, within the last year (Barber, 2009, 2010a, b).

Le présent travail s’intéresse à dix pièces écrites et jouées entre 1580 et 1625. Le corpus retenu inclut des pièces rédigées par Robert Daborne, Thomas Dekker, Thomas Heywood, Christopher Marlowe, Philip Massinger, Thomas Middleton, Samuel Rowley et William Shakespeare et Nathaniel Woodes. Cette étude tâche principalement de révéler en quoi les dramaturges de la Renaissance se sont appropriés et ont transformé des codes appartenant à la tradition de la disputatio médiévale afin de mettre en scène les dissensions religieuses de leur époque. Nous avons pris en compte deux acceptions du terme « dispute ». Il peut en effet être défini comme un débat formel et dialectique et comme la manifestation d’un désaccord violent entre deux personnes ou plus.La première partie étudie les éléments conflictuels que l’on trouve dans les scènes de dispute, observant comment les dramaturges mettent en scène les différents aspects du conflit théologique et se sont emparés de l’idée d’hybridité religieuse qui caractérise la période. Cette partie s’interroge sur la mesure dans laquelle la scène de dispute reflète mais aussi nourrit le conflit religieux. Toutefois, une seconde partie analyse ces dialogues et rencontres conflictuelles, souvent violents, comme une manière paradoxale de négocier une certaine forme de coexistence et de décréter une trêve. Une troisième partie se concentre enfin sur les procédés dramatiques mis en œuvre par les auteurs pour proposer une résolution du conflit et atteindre un compromis littéraire entre une forme artistique élitiste et populaire. Ce travail souligne également le lien entre une célébration de l’art du théâtre comme un art fondamentalement hybride et la représentation du conflit religieux à travers les scènes de dispute. / This study focuses on ten plays written and performed between 1580 and 1625. The corpus includes plays by Robert Daborne, Thomas Dekker, Thomas Heywood, Christopher Marlowe, Philip Massinger, Thomas Middleton, Samuel Rowley, William Shakespeare and Nathaniel Woodes. The primary aim of this work is to determine the extent to which Renaissance dramatists appropriated and transformed the old tradition of the medieval disputatio in order to stage the religious dissensions of their time. Two definitions of the word ‘dispute’ were considered. Indeed, it can be defined both as a formal dialectical debate and as a violent disagreement between two or more people.The first part explores the conflictual elements to be found in a scene of dispute, looking at how the playwrights staged the different aspects of the conflict and dealt with the idea of religious hybridity which characterises the period. This part questions the extent to which the scene of dispute reflects but also fuels the religious feuds. Nevertheless, the second part analyses these conflictual, and sometimes violent, encounters and dialogues as a paradoxical way to negotiate a certain form of coexistence and to call a truce. Finally, a third part focuses on the way the playwrights used drama to suggest a solution to the conflict and to reach a compromise between an elitist and a popular form of art. This study also explores the link between the vindication of the art of theatre as something fundamentally hybrid and the representation of the religious conflict through scenes of dispute.

This thesis is an examination of the theoretical concepts of Antonin Artaud (1896-1948) and their relation to the Elizabethan theatre. I propose that the dramas of the age of Shakespeare and the environment in which they were produced should be seen as an integral part of the Theatre of Cruelty and essential to its very understanding. The development of the English Renaissance public theatre was at the mercy of periods of outbreaks and abatements of plague, a powerful force that Artaud considers to be the double of the theatre. The claim for regeneration as an outcome of the plague, a phenomenon causing intense destruction, is very specific to Artaud. The cruel and violent images associated with the plague also feature in the theatre, as do its destructive and regenerative powers. The plague and its surrounding atmosphere contain both the grotesque and sublime elements of life Artaud wished to capture in his theatre. His theory of cruelty is part of a larger investigation into the connection between spectacle, violence, and sacrifice explored by Mikhail Bakhtin, René Girard, and Georges Bataille.