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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

[en] FORMULATION OF AXISYMMETRIC THICK SHELLS EMPLOYING ENRICHED FINITE ELEMENTS / [pt] FORMULAÇÃO DE CASCAS ESPESSAS AXISSIMÉTRICAS UTILIZANDO ELEMENTOS FINITOS ENRIQUECIDOS

HARRY GUSTAVO SAAVEDRA ESPINOZA 15 April 2004 (has links)
[pt] Nesta dissertação apresenta-se uma formulação para a análise numérica de cascas espessas axissimétricas, sob os carregamentos de pressão e força distribuida ao longo de um paralelo, utilizando-se a técnica de elementos finitos enriquecidos. As discretizações dos campos de deslocamento axial e radial são consideradas no domínio do elemento verificando-se as seguintes restrições: tensões nulas nas faces interna e externa da casca e uma combinação das soluções analíticas para cascas espessas cilíndricas e esféricas. A formulação resulta em um modelo com seis graus-de-liberdade generalizados por ponto nodal para elementos unidimensionais, considerando- se como referencia a superfície média da casca. Na imposição de condições de continuidade e de fixação associados aos graus-de-liberdade empregou-se o método de penalidades. A formulação foi implementada e alguns testes numéricos são apresentados para demonstrar sua aplicabilidade em comparações com outras soluções analíticas ou numéricas. / [en] This work presents an element formulation for the analysis of axisymmetric thick shells under pressure and line loads using Enriched Finite Element technique. Axial and radial displacement fields are considered in the formulation under the conditions of zero stresses at internal and external surfaces of the shell and, a combination of analitical solutions for radial displacements of cilindrical and spherical thick wall shells. The formulation results in a six generalized degree-of-freedom uni-dimensional model refered to the element nodal points at the shell mid-surface. Continuity between adjoining elements and clamped boundary conditions associated to the element degrees-of-freedom are imposed by the use of a penalty method. The formulation has been implemented and some numerical analysis results are shown to demonstrate its aplicability, as compared to other analytical or numerical solutions.
2

Étude de la sensibilité aux gradients thermiques de billettes lors des opérations de réchauffage / Sensitivity of round bars on thermal gradient during a reheating step

Barbier, Damien 09 December 2013 (has links)
Dans le cadre des opérations de perçage, les billettes en acier subissent un réchauffage de la température ambiante à une température d’environ 1250°C. Au cours de ce réchauffage, le gradient de température dans les billettes entraîne la détérioration de la santé axiale de celles-ci et est à l’origine de l’apparition de défauts sur le tube formé. Une méthodologie d’analyse des mécanismes à l’origine de ces défauts a été mise en place. Elle se base sur la caractérisation de la santé axiale par essais rhéologiques permettant d’établir des indicateurs de ductilité et par des examens métallurgiques identifiant les défauts internes.L'étude de la sollicitation thermomécanique induite par le réchauffage du produit est analysée à l’aide de simulations numériques par éléments finis et les zones de sollicitations critiques associées au procédé sont identifiées. La caractérisation des anomalies observées sur les billettes est ensuite faite à partir d’essais de fissuration et de simulations numériques X-FeM. L’implémentation d’un critère de rupture en contrainte dans la simulation du cycle de chauffe a permis de définir les valeurs de gradient thermique limite et les courbes de chauffe optimales. Les analyses montrent que les conditions de chauffe en début de cycle thermique ont une forte influence sur la santé axiale des billettes. Les résultats de ces travaux conduisent à des solutions concrètes pour l’amélioration de la productivité. / As part of the piercing operations, billets undergo a reheating process from room temperature to a temperature of about 1250°C. During this heating, the thermal gradient in the billet leads to a deterioration of the axial health and is responsible of the initiation ofdefects on the formed tube.A methodology for the analysis of the mechanisms at the origin of these defects has been established. It is based on first, the characterization of the axial health with hot rheological tests to establish some indicators of ductility and second, on metallurgical analyses to identify the internal defects.Then finite element simulations have been performed to study the thermo-mechanical loadings induced by heating. Critical solicitation zones of the product during the processes have been identified.Finally a characterization of the observed defects into the billets has been led coupling cracks growth tests and X-FeM numerical simulations. The implementation of the experimental stress failure criterion, in the simulation of the heating cycle allows to obtain good values of thermal gradient boundary curves and leads to optimal heating curves.The analysis shows that the conditions at the beginning of the reheating process have a strong influence on the axial health of the billets. The results of these studies lead to friendly industrial solutions for improving productivity.
3

Méthode des éléments finis augmentés pour la rupture quasi-fragile : application aux composites tissés à matrice céramique / Augmented finite element method for quasi-brittle fracture : application to woven ceramic matrix composites

Essongue-Boussougou, Simon 08 March 2017 (has links)
Le calcul de la durée de vie des Composites tissés à Matrice Céramique (CMC) nécessite de déterminer l’évolution de la densité de fissures dans le matériau(pouvant atteindre 10 mm-1). Afin de les représenter finement on se propose de travailler à l’échelle mésoscopique. Les méthodes de type Embedded Finite Element (EFEM) nous ont paru être les plus adaptées au problème. Elles permettent une représentation discrète des fissures sans introduire de degrés de liberté additionnels.Notre choix s’est porté sur une EFEM s’affranchissant d’itérations élémentaires et appelée Augmented Finite Element Method (AFEM). Une variante d’AFEM, palliant des lacunes de la méthode originale, a été développée. Nous avons démontré que,sous certaines conditions, AFEM et la méthode des éléments finis classique (FEM) étaient équivalentes. Nous avons ensuite comparé la précision d’AFEM et de FEM pour représenter des discontinuités fortes et faibles. Les travaux de thèse se concluent par des exemples d’application de la méthode aux CMC. / Computing the lifetime of woven Ceramic Matrix Composites (CMC) requires evaluating the crack density in the material (which can reach 10 mm-1). Numerical simulations at the mesoscopic scale are needed to precisely estimate it. Embedded Finite Element Methods (EFEM) seem to be the most appropriate to do so. They allow for a discrete representation of cracks with no additional degrees of freedom.We chose to work with an EFEM free from local iterations named the Augmented Finite Element Method (AFEM). Improvements over the original AFEM have been proposed. We also demonstrated that, under one hypothesis, the AFEM and the classical Finite Element Method (FEM) are fully equivalent. We then compare the accuracy of the AFEM and the classical FEM to represent weak and strong discontinuities. Finally, some examples of application of AFEM to CMC are given.

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