公有土地為政府重要資源之一，在土地市場運作過程中，扮演提供公共目的需用之土地，引導都市有秩序發展並作為健全土地市場的工具、調節土地供給、抑制地價上漲以避免不勞而獲及漲價歸公等許多重要功能。倘若未有充分且特殊的理由是不會增訂低價讓售的法條讓售國有非公用財產，所以本研究以正義的觀點針對立法院主動提案於民國89年增訂國有財產法第五十二條之二，此特殊讓售規定形成的歷史背景、立法決策、施行後的議題加以分析。 經本研究歸納分析十七世紀以降：契約論者、功利主義者、現代自由主義的正義思潮後，採用諾齊克在分配正義中提出賦予「權利理論」－持有的正義原則。即為獲取的正義原則、轉讓的正義原則、矯正不正義的原則等三原則，依其交互關係演繹出四種類型作為正義衡量的準則。 再針對特殊讓售形成的背景，深入瞭解日治時期之土地政策暨光復後的接管措施，藉以探討返還土地政策是否符合正義原則暨增訂補救法規據以矯治之必要性分析。並探討增訂國有財產法五十二條之二立法決策過程暨真實內涵，藉由正義評量的準則檢視目前施行暨相關配套規定是否符合正義的原則；賡續提出具體改進的看法及建議，以提供政府公產管理部門作為參考。 / The public domain is one of the government important resources. In the process of operation the land market, it has many important functions such as offering the land for public use, guiding the development in good order of the city, being the tool of perfecting the land market, regulating the supply to the land, suppressing the price of land going up in order to avoid “Reaping without sowing” and ”Land Value Increment to the public”. If there is not a sufficient and special reason, they will not revise and enlarge the article to sell the national non-public use property at a low price. So this research is with the view of justice for initiative promoting to revise and enlarge the second article of 52 of the National Property Act of the Legislative Yuan in 1990. We will analyze the forming of the historical background, the legislative decision for special rule of the sale and the topic after implement. From the17century, we analyze by this research “Social contract theory”, “Utilitarianism”, “Modern liberalism”, adopted the Entitlement theory that Robert Nozick enumerated in Distributive Justice. A more adequate theory of justice would in Nozick's view enumerate three principles of justice in holdings is a principle of justice in acquisition, a principle of justice in transfer, and the principle of rectification injustice, ect. Accordance to its mutual relation deduced four kinds of criterion to be the measurement of justice. In accordance with the forming background of the special sale, we can understand in depth the land policy of period that controlled by Japan and adapter measure after recovering. Whereby using to probe into the policy of returning the land to analyze if it accords with the just principle and revises and enlarge and remedies regulation to rescue of necessity. In order to discuss the decision-making process and real intention of revising and enlarging the second article of 52 of the National Property Act. Inspecting the implement and stipulation whether to accord with the principle of justice or not by commenting quantity of justice. Putting forward concretely improved view and suggestion continuously, in order to offer a public property administrative department to the government as a reference.

The study assesses community perceptions of emergency response modality (cash and food aid) on development: a case study of Traditional Authority Lundu in Chikwawa district, Malawi. This is based on the top down approach which is mostly common in humanitarian aid, where practitioners perceive this to be the right mode of aid delivery to affected communities. This research has used mixed methods of research designs. Participants were purposively and randomly sampled and 193 household heads, 2 focus group discussions and 10 key informants were interviewed. The results revealed that food aid is the best response modality in the area. Humanitarian aid enhances community development as it eliminates negative coping mechanisms. Food aid helps to stabilize commodity prices, improve health status of affected people and promote continuation of development intervention in the area. The study recommends that a thorough assessment is required to derive at a response option and resilient interventions that should be included in humanitarian response. / Development Studies / M.A. (Development Studies)