La presente investigación de tesis tiene como objetivo determinar la relación de los factores básicos de las incubadoras en los emprendimientos de las universidades privadas en Lima Metropolitana, año 2018, por ello durante la investigación se realizó un acercamiento a las incubadoras de negocios y a sus equipos para conocer los factores básicos y entender cómo se realizaban los programas de incubación; además, de obtener información sobre los factores de los emprendimientos. El trabajo de investigación se encuentra dividido en cinco capítulos que son: Capítulo 1. Marco teórico, se realiza una investigación a través de fuentes secundarias donde se desarrollan conceptos de las incubadoras de negocios, antecedentes, definiciones, servicios, ventajas, tipos, factores y dimensiones; de igual forma se estudió la variable emprendimiento y la relación entre ambas variables; asimismo, un análisis del sector universidades privadas de Lima Metropolitana. Capítulo 2. Plan de investigación, se formula la situación problemática de la tesis, el problema principal, problemas específicos, objetivo general y objetivos específicos, la hipótesis inicial e hipótesis específicos. Capítulo 3. Metodología de investigación se definió la población, la muestra para las investigaciones cualitativas y cuantitativas. Capítulo 4. Desarrollo de Investigación, donde se realizó la investigación a través de la entrevista a profundidad y el cuestionario. Capítulo 5. Análisis de Resultados, se realiza el análisis de los instrumentos. Concluyendo con la validación de la hipótesis general y específicas en base a los resultados obtenidos. / The objective of this thesis research is to determine the relationship of the basic factors of the incubators in the ventures of the private universities in Metropolitan Lima, 2018, so during the investigation an approach was made to the business incubators and their teams to know the basic factors and understand how the incubation programs were carried out; in addition, to obtain information about the factors of the ventures. The research work is divided into five chapters that are: Chapter 1. Theoretical framework, research is carried out through secondary sources where concepts of business incubators background, definitions, services, advantages, types, factors and dimensions are developed; In the same way, the variable of entrepreneurship and the relationship between both variables were studied; also, an analysis of the private universities sector of Metropolitan Lima. Chapter 2. Research plan, the problematic situation of the thesis is formulated, the main problem, specific problems, general objective and specific objectives, the initial hypothesis and specific hypotheses. Chapter III Research methodology population was defined, the sample for qualitative and quantitative research. Chapter IV Research Development, where the research was carried out through the in-depth interview and the questionnaire. Chapter V Analysis of Results, the analysis of the instruments is carried out. Concluding with the validation of the general and specific hypothesis based on the results obtained. / Tesis

La presente tesis desarrolla la investigación enfocada en el fenómeno conocido como start-ups, donde Perú ha sido escenario del rápido crecimiento de este tipo de innovaciones y cómo algunos de ellos ya están alcanzando mercados internacionales. Precisamente, el foco de esta investigación es conocer de manera más profunda aquellos factores que han logrado facilitar a estos emprendedores el ingreso a mercados extranjeros. Es en este punto que se busca conocer el nivel de importancia que representa para las start-ups cada uno de estos factores. La investigación se desarrolla considerando distintos puntos de vista. Por un lado, se encuentran los expertos del ecosistema emprendedor, representantes de instituciones públicas y privadas que están directamente relacionadas con las start-ups y el desarrollo de su ecosistema. Por otro lado, se tiene a los mismos emprendedores que son los usuarios de todas estas herramientas generadas en dicho ecosistema y cómo eso llevó a que algunos pudieran lograr la internacionalización. A partir de este enfoque, se logró identificar una serie de factores claves que necesitaban ser validados por la población de start-ups peruanas a través de una encuesta de opinión. Esto con el objetivo de identificar a los principales factores y tener un aporte que sirva de guía para aquellos que pertenecen al ecosistema. Conocer si existen relaciones o patrones entre los factores y las características de las start-ups, a través de metodologías cuantitativas. Finalmente, la tesis expone todos los resultados obtenidos, las conclusiones, recomendaciones e incluso las limitaciones bajo las que se desarrolló la investigación, contribuyendo de esta manera con el ecosistema emprendedor para que este documento sirva como guía para investigaciones más profundas acerca de este fenómeno que cada vez tiene mayor importancia en el Perú. / This thesis develops research focused on the phenomenon known as start-ups, where Peru has been the scenario of the rapid growth of this type of innovation and how some of them are already reaching international markets. Precisely, the focus of this research is to know more deeply those factors that have managed to facilitate these entrepreneurs entering foreign markets. It is at this point that we seek to know the level of importance that each of these factors represents for start-ups. The research was developed considering different points of view. On one hand, there are experts from the entrepreneurial ecosystem, representatives of public and private institutions that are directly related to start-ups and the development of their ecosystem. On the other hand, we have the entrepreneurs who are the users of all these tools generated in this ecosystem and how that led some of them to achieve internationalization. Based on this approach, it was possible to identify a series of key factors that needed to be validated by the Peruvian start-up population through an opinion poll. This with the objective of identifying the main factors and having a contribution that serves as a guide for those who belong to the ecosystem. To know if there are relations or patterns between the factors and the characteristics of the start-ups, through quantitative methodologies. Finally, the thesis exposes all the obtained results, conclusions, recommendations and even limitations under which the research was developed, contributing in this way with the entrepreneurial ecosystem so that this document serves as a guide for deeper investigations about this phenomenon that it is increasingly important in Peru. / Tesis

This thesis investigates knowledge and learning in new technology-based firms (NTBFs) in an early-stage entrepreneurial ecosystem. Previous work on entrepreneurial learning suggests that experiential learning, vicarious learning and exploration are the learning types that entrepreneurs use to manage knowledge, and that this leads to the creation of entrepreneurial knowledge. While the majority of previous research involves entrepreneurial learning that is based on absorptive capacity (ACAP) to generate competitive advantage, this study examines how new venture teams (NVTs) manage new and prior knowledge when developing and commercialising software. The knowledge-based view (KBV) regards knowledge as the most important resource to allocate. This research adopts this approach in exploring how NVTs acquire, assimilate and use new knowledge. Based on a framework encompassing networks, prior knowledge and knowledge management the study explores, examines and analyses: i. Entrepreneurial networks; ii. Early-stage entrepreneurial ecosystems; iii. NVTs’ prior knowledge; and iv. Knowledge integration activities. The research adopts a qualitative approach and methodology comprising two stages. The first one captures the perceptions of multiple agents involved in the entrepreneurial networks in Colombia, from government, academia and support institutions (private and public). In the second stage eight NVTs from Medellín were asked to describe the resources and source of resources used when developing and commercialising the first innovative product while creating and establishing the NTBF; their answers were validated in a second interview using a mind map to illustrate key events and key sources of new knowledge. Analysis of the data reveals that even in early-stage entrepreneurial ecosystems, NVTs acquire knowledge from external sources, such as mentors, intermediaries and customers. This finding echoes the importance of ACAP in NTBF creation and survival. Moreover, NVTs acquire knowledge from internal sources of knowledge, such as new members, experience and formal education. In general, regardless of how related, specific and complementary the prior knowledge of the NVT is, all cases use external and internal knowledge integration activities. This study provides new insights into the nature of knowledge integration and has clarified distinctions between two key substantive capabilities in NTBFs: developing a technology and commercialising a new product. As regard to the KBV, the thesis also shows how entrepreneurial and innovative networks helped with the acquisition of new knowledge in an early-stage entrepreneurial ecosystem. This new knowledge can be market-related but also technical-related, and can also be acquired by outsourcing when the NVT’s knowledge base is not specialised in the technology that the firm offers. NVTs manage prior and new knowledge when developing and commercialising new technologies while they create and establish the NTBF, for by doing so they also focus on sales to maintain cash flow. The study suggests that members of NVTs work together, make decisions together and are both reflective and selective when choosing their sources of new knowledge in NTBFs. This study has important implications for policymakers and practitioners. While current policies and entrepreneurs recognise networks as the most important source of knowledge, findings of this research suggests that internal sources of knowledge are equally important, therefore NVTs must also develop internal knowledge integration abilities.