Successful entrepreneurial activity is important for a healthy economy and can be a major source of job creation. While the concept of entrepreneurship has been around for quite some time, researchers continue to explore the factors that underlie entrepreneurial performance. Specifically, researchers have sought to further examine why some entrepreneurial ventures are more successful than others. the concept of emotional intelligence (EI) has gained the attention of researchers and practitioners alike. Practitioners have realized that employees can no longer be perceived as biological machines that are capable of leaving their feelings, norms, and attitudes at home when they go to work. Researchers are embracing the concept of emotional intelligence because of its relationship with efficiency, productivity, sales, revenues, quality of service, customer loyalty, employee recruitment and retention, employee commitment, employee health and satisfaction, and morale. While there is considerable evidence documenting the effects of emotional intelligence on leadership performance, job performance in large firms, and educational performance, very little research has examined how emotional intelligence affects entrepreneurial performance and the variables that account for this relationship. Individuals in entrepreneurial occupations face business situations that necessitate unique skills and abilities in social interactions. Emotional intelligence has implications for entrepreneurial situations and social interactions such as negotiation, obtaining and organizing resources, identifying and exploiting opportunities, managing stress, obtaining and maintaining customers, and providing leadership. the primary purpose of this study is to investigate emotional intelligence in the context of entrepreneurship. in addition, the study will shed light on the mediating effects of individual competencies, organizational tasks, and the environmental culture and climate. the results of the study provide insights for emotional intelligence researchers, entrepreneurship researchers, individuals with entrepreneurial aspirations, academic institutions, as well as government and financial entities that provide resources to new ventures.

Existing research in the field of mentorship as a mechanism for entrepreneurial learning suggests a requirement for more studies. Previous empirical research in the field has predominantly focussed on the workplace context and not the entrepreneur. The current research available in the field of entrepreneurial mentorship and its contribution to the business success of entrepreneurs is even more limited in the South African context. The purpose of this study was to explore and describe the perceived contribution that mentorship makes as a vehicle for learning and development for South African entrepreneurs. In this mixed methods triangulation parallel design study, the qualitative component encompassed semi-structured interviews, presenting the narrative of twelve South African franchise principals who were entrepreneurs. The quantitative component consisted of an online survey which received responses from 35 business consultants. The surveys were created to capture perceptions of mentorship and what aspects were considered as important variables in the mentor-mentee match. Key findings of this research were that mentorship was perceived to contribute to entrepreneurs' personal and business success. The sample highlighted that the nature of the contribution of mentorship was related to business management support and/or psychosocial support. The study found that the entrepreneurs perceived the mentor's experience and performance track as vital to the success of the mentor-mentee match and that it was critical that there was respect, trust and honesty in the relationship. This study contributes to the growing field of research in mentorship specifically in the context of entrepreneurial learning. This is critical in South Africa where there is an absolute need for an improved state of entrepreneurship and therefore efforts must be made to create the support to improve this current situation. The research also offers insight into variables that should be considered when matching a mentor and mentee to increase the likelihood of success of the mentorship. The results of this research could potentially be used in the construction of a mentorship network for entrepreneurs with a mentor-mentee matching system that takes these insights into account. Keywords: Entrepreneurship, Entrepreneurial Learning, Mentorship and Entrepreneurial Mentorship

This research is a case study based on an entrepreneurship located in Henderson, Kentucky called HorseFeathers Gifts. HorseFeathers Gifts supplies handmade, vintage-inspired jewelry and accessories to customers all over the world. The case study documents the path taken by HorseFeathers Gifts’ owners, showing exactly how the entrepreneurship reached the successful position that it currently holds. Based on the case studies available and a review of the literature, it is apparent that no other case studies like this one exist. Information for this case was gathered by interviewing both owners of HorseFeathers Gifts. The interviews helped me to learn about the business’ story from the day it was first engendered until the present day. This case study displays the business’ processes, successes, and failures, and ultimately gives struggling or aspiring entrepreneurs advice on how to better their own chances of business survival.

Researchers and practitioners have recognized the need for business leaders to establish effective internal control frameworks. Some small and medium enterprises (SME) leaders lack strategies for improving internal control systems. The purpose of this multiple case study was to explore the strategies leaders of SMEs in Nigeria use for improving internal control practices. Building on the internal control theory and transactional leadership theory, semistructured face-to-face and phone interviews were conducted with 8 purposively-selected leaders of SMEs in Nigeria who successfully implemented internal control practices. The 5 themes that emerged from the thematic analysis of the interview data were: segregation of duty; adherence to processes, policies, and procedures; staffing, training, and experience; information technology; and staff empowerment and management commitment. The findings from this study indicate that leaders of SMEs in Nigeria use similar strategies to improve internal control practices. All participants used segregation of duty and adherence to processes, policies, and procedures as strategies for improving internal control practices. SME leaders should possess adequate leadership skills for improving internal control systems in their business. The result of this study may contribute to positive social change by providing SME leaders with knowledge on strategies for improving internal control practices which will minimize loss of assets and boost profitability and business sustainability. With increase in business profitability, leaders of SMEs will increase the firms' corporate social responsibility through payment of more taxes, and provision of employment opportunities and social amenities to the local community.

Small businesses in Zimbabwe make up 94% of the country's business population but only contribute 15% to the country's economy due to a high failure rate during the first 5 years. The purpose of this descriptive multiple case study was to explore strategies and skills that may contribute to the sustainability of small businesses during the first 5 years. The study population consisted of 5 small business owners in Ntepe village in Zimbabwe who had sustained their businesses for the first 5 years of operations. The conceptual framework that grounded this study was management theory. The data collection process involved conducting semistructured interviews with small business owners. Data analysis involved the adoption of methodological triangulation, thematic analysis, and member checking to ensure reliability and credibility of the data collected. The data collected presented two main themes: developing leadership skills and planning for positive performance. Key attributes and skills of a small business leader include trustworthiness, ability to lead resolutions that solve problems, effective communication of quality expectations, development of customer focus, and ability to address the needs of employees. Planning for positive performance includes goal setting, creating policies and procedures, and developing a control system for financial activities. This study may contribute to social change by providing data on proven strategies used by small business managers to sustain their businesses during the first 5 years of operations. The community may benefit from owners being better prepared to sustain their small businesses, given that these businesses may then hire employees and contribute to the local economy.

<p>This study focuses on undergraduates in Shanghai and aims to generate some practical implications on how to improve the entrepreneurial environment by enhancing undergraduates’ entrepreneurial intentions. The authors initiated an analytical model with support from the GEM conceptual model and Krueger’s intention model (2000) to carry on an investigation among local undergraduates. The data reflects an actuality of undergraduates’ entrepreneurial intention. On the other hand, by the correlation analysis, undergraduates’ preferences upon different aspects of entrepreneurial environment are filtered out. Finally, practical implications are given through two aspects. One is divisions of respondents by their different grades of entrepreneurial intentions; the preferences from the higher intentioned group will firstly be suggested to improve. The other one is based on the comparison between undergraduates’ valuation and experts’ measurement on the entrepreneurial environment.</p><p>In conclusion, the study reflects that the analytical model is applicable to undergraduates in Shanghai. To enhance undergraduates’ entrepreneurial intention, it is highly recommended by the authors to improve entrepreneurial environment through more attention to the feasibility of technology transfer, sufficient government programs for new firms, the effectiveness of technological region, and government projects.</p>

This study focuses on undergraduates in Shanghai and aims to generate some practical implications on how to improve the entrepreneurial environment by enhancing undergraduates’ entrepreneurial intentions. The authors initiated an analytical model with support from the GEM conceptual model and Krueger’s intention model (2000) to carry on an investigation among local undergraduates. The data reflects an actuality of undergraduates’ entrepreneurial intention. On the other hand, by the correlation analysis, undergraduates’ preferences upon different aspects of entrepreneurial environment are filtered out. Finally, practical implications are given through two aspects. One is divisions of respondents by their different grades of entrepreneurial intentions; the preferences from the higher intentioned group will firstly be suggested to improve. The other one is based on the comparison between undergraduates’ valuation and experts’ measurement on the entrepreneurial environment. In conclusion, the study reflects that the analytical model is applicable to undergraduates in Shanghai. To enhance undergraduates’ entrepreneurial intention, it is highly recommended by the authors to improve entrepreneurial environment through more attention to the feasibility of technology transfer, sufficient government programs for new firms, the effectiveness of technological region, and government projects.

none

Background: Entrepreneurial marketing concentrates on the marketing for small and micro enterprises. It provides the tool to compete on the market with limited resources and thus innovative marketing strategy might be a good weapon and particular value for the micro and small sized entrepreneurs. Traditional marketing concepts are generally not appropriate for the small and micro enterprises, which creates a need for generating new solutions. Purpose: To investigate in the particular ways of practical application of the entrepreneurial marketing for small and micro enterprises. To understand the entrepreneurial marketing relevance for small and micro companies that operates in fast-changing environment. Method: The study is qualitative, with deductive approach, interpretivist epistemology and objectivist ontology. 4 micro and small entrepreneurs from Växjö have participated in the semi-structured interviews, and the results have been interpreted through an operationalization table, in a “cross-company case” model. Results, conclusion: The study aimed at helping the micro and small entrepreneurs to have a better understanding of the entrepreneurial marketing relevance. It has been done through the analysis of the seven dimensions which the concepts and theories have been confirmed most of the time by the empirical results. It gave the insurance that micro and small entrepreneurs have high interest to be aware of these dimensions, which may help them in their business.

This research focused on assessing the perception of student´s at Umeå School of Business and Economics towards entrepreneurial success. Moreover this research focused on comparing student’s perception and perception of importance of entrepreneurial success, which has been defined three dimensionally. The conceptual definition of entrepreneurial success has emerged from the existing literature and could be explained as follow: entrepreneurial success is a cluster of financial performance, operational performance and Satisfaction (which refers to the entrepreneur’s satisfaction. We identified that the literature was remaining in some ways nebulous when it was to officially define the notion of entrepreneurial success. This notion has been somehow associated to the perception of entrepreneurial success, because of the approach or methods that have been used to assess it. Moreover, we have identified that some factors have been confirmed as influencing the perception of entrepreneurial success, however these results were not targeted students, but mainly entrepreneurs. We formulated the following research question: Which factors influence the perception and the perception of importance of entrepreneurial success, among Umea University‘s students? This research has been conducted by including all master program students and bachelor students in graduating class at Umeå School of Business and Economics, to examine their perception of entrepreneurial success generally and additionally compare their perception in order to determine whether some factors were influencing their perceptions. The conceptual model has been created in order to determine whether the selected variables: Gender, age, background and perception of entrepreneurship as a culture is influencing two aspects: the perception of entrepreneurial success and the perception of importance of the entrepreneurial success. These two aspects have been underlined by the two first questions of our questionnaire, and have been defined according the same dimensions: Financial performance, Operational performance and satisfaction These previous four variables have permitted to form groups in order to attest of potential differences of perceptions. From all the analysis that have been proceeded. It has been found that not all the components from the conceptual model were likely to be considered as influencing the perception of entrepreneurial success and the perception of importance of entrepreneurial success.