Purpose: The aim of this paper is to develop an entrepreneurial education model for implementation in the Namibian Higher Education system. Namibia, just like South Africa, has an objective to develop small, medium and micro enterprises to enhance economic growth and reduce unemployment. Development of such a model is supported by the government of Namibia. This paper investigates appropriate entrepreneurial education models used in South Africa for this purpose. Design/Methodology/Approach: This research is an exploratory research design based upon secondary data mainly provided by the Namibian Economic Policy Research Unit (NEPRU) that enabled the researcher to understand and identify the problems that Namibia encounter in their small business environment. Theories, as developed by the University of Pretoria based on entrepreneurial education, were explored and formed the base of the theory exploration. Findings: The researcher investigated an existing entrepreneurial education model being used for the South African context, as well as a comparison of two models, and an integrated model based on the cited models. These models are used to show the importance of such models and the need to develop one for Namibia. Implications: This paper presents a model that can solve the basic need expressed by the Namibian Higher Education System to find an appropriate model to implement. Originality/ Value: This paper provides a foundation from which an entrepreneurial education model can be implemented and improved/customised for the Namibian context

This thesis focuses on entrepreneurial infrastructure for the development of entrepreneurs in Rwanda. However, the importance of the components of entrepreneurial infrastructure is new concept in developing countries. Indeed many of developed countries have established sustainable components of entrepreneurial infrastructure that support entrepreneurs to carry out their business activities. That is why we carried out our qualitative research in Rwanda to draw and highlight the link of establishing entrepreneurial infrastructure and the growth of businesses. The research highlights a model of entrepreneurial infrastructure and its fourteen components that could support entrepreneurs’ businesses and also help the rise of nascent entrepreneurs. Furthermore, we conducted five interviews of entrepreneurs who managed to run business in Rwanda. Entrepreneurial infrastructure model was used to draw the questionnaire in order to find out how entrepreneurs in Rwanda have experienced the existing components of entrepreneurial infrastructure and how they are contributing to their businesses. The results from qualitative research show how different components of entrepreneurial infrastructure have contributed to the development of the five entrepreneurs we interviewed. Respondents have revealed eight components that have helped them to grow; those components are ‘Financial Assistance, Training, Cultural and Social Norms, Access to Physical Infrastructure, Network/Connection, Entrepreneurial Policy, Education, and Entrepreneurial Environment’.

Entrepreneurship has become the world stream in recently years. It is also viewed has great attributions toward the national economic growth. Due to it¡¦s importance, Entrepreneurship has been attracting great interests. Many schools have dedicated to adopt entrepreneurial education.However, from the past references, most researches are focused on the effects of how they influence students¡¦ entrepreneurial intentions and their attitudes. Our research is based on the past literatures studying and individual case analysis to identify factors leading to key entrepreneurial ability. In addition, we also want to seek the more complete structure of entrepreneurial education and compare the influences of encouraging students¡¦ entrepreneurial ability from the course and environmental sides of entrepreneurial education. Besides, we also discuss problems that domestic entrepreneurial education has faced and offer related suggestions. The conclusions are summarized as follows: 1. The key of entrepreneurial ability is consisted of two parts--the ability of starting enterprise and the leadership: (1) the ability of starting enterprise¡Grisk taking, team work, innovation, creativity, opportunity identification, fund raising and management, human resource acquirement, manpower support (2) Leadership: abilities of leading, communication and analysis. 2. Complete entrepreneurial education should consider both course and environmental sides: (1) Course side: We divide the courses into four category: enterprise training, new enterprise develop and conduct, environmental formulate and management, research of specific industry. (2) Environmental side: entrepreneurial competition, intern, seminar, association, counselor team. According to our conclusions,the following suggestions are addressed: 1. Enhance entrepreneurial management educational course side and the linkage to the environmental side. 2. Change the teaching way of Course side in entrepreneurial education. 3. Improved the teaching quality. 4. Popularize the entrepreneurial education and better the entrepreneurial environmental atmosphere.

This study’s main purpose is to explore what young individuals need/require when becoming entrepreneurs. To do that, the views and perspectives of students, senior entrepreneurs and incubators were analyzed. This study’s main contribution is to the knowledge and understanding of entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial education. Furthermore, this study has a practical application in the form of a suggestion on how to improve this study’s empirical case: a new project designed by the pre-incubator office Drivhuset Uppsala. Methodologically, a qualitative research study with interviews as its main technique indicates this study’s main findings and conclusions. What young individuals need/require in order to become entrepreneurs is; putting the theories they are learning or have learned into action, learning through entrepreneurship in the form of learning-by-doing and feeling the support in creating values from the entrepreneurial environment; called ‘the entrepreneurial ecosystem’ by one of this study’s actors. Theories indicate the importance of incubators participating in entrepreneurial education in different forms. UU incubators are, by the actors of this study, not perceived to do that. These conclusions proved to be complicated and are recommended as important topics for further research. This study focuses on Uppsala and incubators connected to UU. The empirical material was analyzed with the Venture Creation in learning-by- doing and Effectuation theories, and the findings indicate that Drivhuset Uppsala should focus on venture creation programs in designing their new project.

Superintending an enterprise in an adverse environment can be a daunting task. If that environment is fraught with economic vagaries such as once found in the hyperinflationary Zimbabwe it can be catastrophic. Yet, some businesses survived when others collapsed. Suffice to infer that most insurance companies in Zimbabwe, buoyed by the need to confront the vagaries of the hyperinflation such as stunted growth, at the very least and enterprise collapse at the very worst had to resort to entrepreneurial intensity for survival. The research therefore sought to explore the extent of entrepreneurial intensity in such an adverse environment. Background to the research contextualised this study to the Zimbabwean scenario. The research problem was also dissected. Research objectives and questions were subsequently advanced to guide the direction of this study. Hypotheses were also proffered. From the outset, the study sought to project entrepreneurial intensity as collaborated and corroborated by other key concepts such as corporate entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial orientation. The research also explored various definitions of entrepreneurial intensity. It was noted that entrepreneurial intensity is synonymous with intensified entrepreneurial performance. Critical drivers for entrepreneurial intensity were analysed and essential determinants and antecedents of entrepreneurship were accorded space and importance. Various conceptual frameworks were also articulated to buttress the emerging arguments in the complex field of entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial intensity. The models advanced then served as a beacon in navigating the complex phenomenon of entrepreneurial intensity throughout this discourse. The study also argued that entrepreneurship can be measured to gauge its intensification levels at any given point in time. Consequently, a few models were advanced to explain entrepreneurial outcomes. Therefore, data gathered on 307 respondents were subjected to various tests in an effort to discover if entrepreneurial intensity was responsible for keeping most insurance companies afloat during the hyperinflation. Ultimately, the results confirmed the presence of entrepreneurship – its nature and form in the insurance industry in hyperinflationary Zimbabwe, particularly in the years 2007-2010. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2017. / Business Management / PhD / Unrestricted

Investigation of the entrepreneurial potential of the pharmacists of Jönköping. A quantitative case study.

<p>Investigation of the entrepreneurial potential of the pharmacists of Jönköping. A quantitative case study.</p>

The primary objective of the study is to determine the level of corporate entrepreneurship within higher level employees at Anglogold Ashanti (Mponeng mine) in order to make recommendations regarding the encouragement of an entrepreneurial climate. A comprehensive literature was conducted. In the literature review entrepreneurship, corporate entrepreneurship and an entrepreneurial climate were defined. The establishment if a climate of corporate entrepreneurship was found to be dependent on the presence of 13 important constructs. If proposed steps are followed to promote corporate entrepreneurship in an organisation, five identified success factors will improve as a result. A historic overview of the gold mining industry including Anglogold Ashanti (Mponeng mine) was given in chapter 3. Part of the Anglogold Ashanti strategy is ?innovation?, wanting to give all employees the opportunity to contribute to improvement by sharing their ideas within the organisation. A questionnaire was adapted to test for the presence of the 13 construct of the climate of corporate entrepreneurship which were identified and to verify current perceptions regarding the organisational success of the organisation among middle managers. Empirical research was conducted which was focusing on discussing the results obtained from the questionnaires. Basic demographic information of the respondents were dealt with first, after which the perceptions of the respondents with regard to the 13 construct measuring the entrepreneurial climate and the constructs measuring the perceived success of the organisation were discussed. Furthermore, the relationships were determined between demographic variables and the constructs measured in the questionnaire. Following the detail analysis of chapter 4, it was concluded that managers participating in the survey regarded the entrepreneurial climate in Anglogold Ashanti (Mponeng mine) as being average. Based on the findings of the empirical research and the insight gained in the literature review, recommendations were made on how to foster an entrepreneurial climate within Angolgold Ashanti (Mponeng mine). / Thesis (M.B.A.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

The primary objective of the study is to determine the level of corporate entrepreneurship within higher level employees at Anglogold Ashanti (Mponeng mine) in order to make recommendations regarding the encouragement of an entrepreneurial climate. A comprehensive literature was conducted. In the literature review entrepreneurship, corporate entrepreneurship and an entrepreneurial climate were defined. The establishment if a climate of corporate entrepreneurship was found to be dependent on the presence of 13 important constructs. If proposed steps are followed to promote corporate entrepreneurship in an organisation, five identified success factors will improve as a result. A historic overview of the gold mining industry including Anglogold Ashanti (Mponeng mine) was given in chapter 3. Part of the Anglogold Ashanti strategy is ?innovation?, wanting to give all employees the opportunity to contribute to improvement by sharing their ideas within the organisation. A questionnaire was adapted to test for the presence of the 13 construct of the climate of corporate entrepreneurship which were identified and to verify current perceptions regarding the organisational success of the organisation among middle managers. Empirical research was conducted which was focusing on discussing the results obtained from the questionnaires. Basic demographic information of the respondents were dealt with first, after which the perceptions of the respondents with regard to the 13 construct measuring the entrepreneurial climate and the constructs measuring the perceived success of the organisation were discussed. Furthermore, the relationships were determined between demographic variables and the constructs measured in the questionnaire. Following the detail analysis of chapter 4, it was concluded that managers participating in the survey regarded the entrepreneurial climate in Anglogold Ashanti (Mponeng mine) as being average. Based on the findings of the empirical research and the insight gained in the literature review, recommendations were made on how to foster an entrepreneurial climate within Angolgold Ashanti (Mponeng mine). / Thesis (M.B.A.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

This thesis presents a study of the ‘Entrepreneurial University’. It develops a framework for conceptualising the entrepreneurial university by interrogating literature and secondary sources. Regardless of the increasing body of literature on the entrepreneurial university concept, it is revealed to be under-theorized. This literature starting from Clark’s initiatives up until recent publications focus on case studies which are not analytically driven. This gap in the theory of the entrepreneurial university inspired the study aim, which is to develop an analytical framework that can be used as a tool to identify ‘The Entrepreneurial University’ from any other ‘classic university. The study argues that there are three main aspects affecting universities' transformation toward entrepreneurial organization. These are: organization, external environment, and the interaction between organization and external environment. The first aspect investigates the entrepreneurial organizational dimensions, with a comprehensive framework of five organizational dimensions namely managerial, funding resource, mission, external collaboration, and cultural dimension. This been developed as a ‘compass’ to characterize two ideal types of entrepreneurial university. The second and third aspects address the concepts of the entrepreneurial environment and the coherence between the entrepreneurial organization and the entrepreneurial environment where the university exists. The concept of National Education, Research and Innovation (ERI) Funding and Policy Spaces (NERI-FPS) (Nedeva et.al 2013) has been selected as the most appropriate framework for characterizing the entrepreneurial coherence, and analyzed for this purpose, where the variety of opportunities and flexible selection process are seen to be the key elements for the coherence between them. This adds a new development to the theory. Both the entrepreneurial framework and the NERI-FPS have been tested using four European case universities, from the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. The framework is applied to the universities and policy environment in Oman as an example of a developing country seeking to use entrepreneurship as a solution to socio-economic problems. Using qualitative analysis of documentation and detailed interviews, the framework is shown to reveal characteristics of the universities which can be used to develop policy actions. The results reveal that Omani universities are “classic” universities. However, to shift toward an entrepreneurial approach, five scenarios are suggested for Oman, and a pathway toward fully-fledged entrepreneurial universities is illustrated. First an online survey served as a pilot study, the results of which were then used to formulate the second stage which was semi- structured interviews with two Omani universities, and the third stage was in-depth interviews with Omani policy makers. This approach improves the internal validity of the research, and provides a rich picture of the universities and their environment. Finally, the study provides a framework which characterises entrepreneurial universities along a number of context-neutral dimensions which could take the research forward. The novelty of using case of Oman as an empirical study added new contribution into the field. In addition, this study contributes to a better understanding of policy actions with regard to entrepreneurial transformation.