The total amount of FDI ¡]Foreign Direct Investment¡^ in China has increased dramatically in recent years; however, what factors have motivated Chinese firms to invest abroad? Since 2001, China¡¦s foreign exchange reserves have been continuously increasing1, while holding significant FX reserves has pressured the central bank to offset the loss which resulted from RMB appreciation. Moreover, China, where they controlled less strategic asset than the global rivals, taking FDI was also late than developed countries. As a response, Chinese government has implemented the ¡§Going abroad¡¨ policy that foster OFDI which encouraged domestic companies to invest overseas so as to enhance its international competitiveness. In doing so, it is able to address the competitive disadvantage, acquire both tangible and intangible assets by engaging international activities, and in the meantime to sterilize the increase of foreign reserves. In terms of FDI entry mode, China has engaged in different levels of transnational investment. Exporting, OEM, international subcontracting, and joint venture are generally undertaking by Chinese firms, whereas state-owned companies focus on mergers, acquisition and organic expansion. Previous studies into the internationalization have tended to discuss inward FDI, while outward FDI is also important. For the above reason, this study aims at examining both these two parts as well as the internationalization of Chinese firms. Starting from the top 500 enterprises, we will mainly target the energy and IT industry as the basis of analysis. The data collection spans from 2000 to 2009, also include the content analysis .To verify the hypothesis, we apply multiple regression to investigate whether the internationalization of these two sectors have display the correlation between sales revenue, and foreign paten outputs. The empirical results find that: ¡]1¡^ The motivation of IT industry are more inclined to acquire intangible asset and explore new market, whereas the energy industry aims at obtaining natural resources.¡]2¡^ On the respect of entry mode, the incentive of state-owned enterprises is to fulfill the state policy , mainly adopt mergers and acquisitions. and the non-central state-owned and private enterprises relatively focus on organic expansion as well as the M&A. ¡]3¡^ With these two hypotheses, the first one reflects the internationalization is significant to foreign patent outputs and positively related to each other. and second exhibits that all independent variables, including the internationalization ¡]score¡^, patent outputs as well as exporting are all positively significant to the sales revenue. In conclusion, ¡¥¡¥going abroad¡¦¡¦ strategy has positive contributions to the sales revenue.

Small and medium-sized enterprises are the foundation of Taiwan¡¦s Enterprises. With their flexible and efficiency manufacturing characteristics, SMEs are the most contributors for Taiwan¡¦s economic growth. In the past, most Taiwanese firms focus on OEM or ODM business. But in recent years, the growing wages caused manufacturing cost raise and Taiwanese firms faced the threat of severe global manufacturing competition. The situation has become increasingly difficult for many companies in Taiwan to stay in business. To build an own brand becomes an important strategy for Taiwan companies. This study explores the international branding strategy of Taiwanese enterprise. A qualitative case study approach was employed in this study to study six Taiwanese firms which attempt to build their brands in the international market. The result shows that (1) In order to quickly respond to environmental needs, the integration of internal resources (evaluate core capability) and the analyzation of external environment (market size) are required. (2) Entry mode: In order to lower the risk, Taiwanese firms prefer to cooperate with local companies instead of foreign direct investment, unless the market size is big enough. (3) Operational strategy: Unlike other global brand, Taiwan brand developed a unique business model. (4) International organization: Headquarter and branch must coordinate and build two-way communication to deliver a consistent brand value.

Following up with China¡¦s WTO entry, China without doubt has become the ¡¥Must-go¡¦ place for any Taiwanese enterprise which is keen to turn its operation to be international or global. However, entering Chinese market would never be a promise to lead to a subsequent successful ¡¥going-global¡¦ story without taking account of certain points as follows. How Taiwanese enterprises enter Chinese market strategically? How to efficiently as well as effectively manage the subsidiaries following their entries? How to maintain and accumulate their ownership advantage afterwards? All of these questions have become the major challenges these days faced by those Taiwanese enterprises that attempt to enter the giant China. In today¡¦s knowledge-driven economy, for the capital-, technology-, as well as knowledge- intense pharmaceutical industry, it would be even more critical to effectively link foreign subsidiaries¡¦ organizational management and coordination to the foreign investment entry modes. Consequently, Taiwanese pharmaceutical enterprises are chosen as the samples in this current research.¡@Qualitative research is conducted for this current research using case study research method. Through in-depth interviews, data are gathered from two Taiwanese pharmaceutical enterprises, representing large and small scale enterprise respectively. Finally, findings obtained of this research as the following attempts to make some contributions to Taiwanese pharmaceutical enterprises¡¦ future investment in China. 1. Enterprise¡¦s characteristics, including business scale, years of China¡¦s investment, and internationalization experience, have influence on the ownership, location, and internalization advantage. 2. Features of pharmaceutical industry in China have influence on the development of the investment advantages in China. 3. Enterprise¡¦s characteristics and China¡¦s investment advantages have influence on the subsidiary¡¦s integration and control as well as the value chain activities.

Vietnam has been a popular place for Taiwanese businesses to invest in lately. Vietnam¡¦s economy has been growing since implementing a reform policy called ¡§Doi Moi¡¨ (renovation) in 1986. Vietnam is an emerging market and attracts more and more Taiwanese multinational enterprises (MNEs) to engage in foreign direct investment (FDI). Taiwan plays an important role in FDI in Vietnam and is the third biggest investing country there, only behind South Korea and Singapore. The purpose for this research is to investigate what determinants would influence Taiwanese MNEs¡¦ when deciding between joint ventures (JVs) and wholly owned subsidiaries (WOS) when they enter the Vietnamese market. According to the literature review of the resource based view, the eclectic theory, transaction cost theory and institution theory, the framework is developed by two dimensions, parent company¡¦s advantages and environment in the host country. The independent variables under this framework are R&D intensity, firm size, international experiences, debt ratio, ROA, Vietnamese government¡¦s restriction and Vietnamese economy. Through secondhand data, Taiwanese MNEs investing Vietnam were sampled for this research. By the Pearson¡¦s correlation coefficient and the binary logistic regression, hypotheses were tested by which independent variables had significant correlation to the dependent variable, the investment decision (JVs or WOS). The findings of this study reveal that when a Taiwanese parent firm has a lower debt ratio it would be more likely to invest in Vietnam by WOS. Also, Taiwanese MNEs would tend to invest there by WOS when the economy in Vietnam becomes better. But the rest of the variables do not have significant correlations with the investment decision in this research. The result of this study can offer a reference for companies wanting to enter the Vietnamese market in the future.

Researchers have been addressing on entry strategies, most of them are foreign researchers conducted researches on multinational firms, especially firms entering developed European countries or USA. Domestic researches mainly focused on firms entering PRC market, literally few studies have been found served Taiwan as the market being entered. Since Taiwan released the limit on foreigner share holding proportions in 1984, international advertisement firms gradually entered Taiwan. In the score years, Taiwan¡¦s advertisement market have been totally owned by foreign firms, thus Taiwanese advertisement firms need a method to break through. Given southeastern Asia markets are emerging, for Taiwanese advertisement firms, they pose as a market to be invested. Thus this thesis analyzed the entry mode of international advertising firms in order to serve as a reference to Taiwanese advertisement firms. This research served the period between establishment and entering Taiwan, cultural differences, five years average growth rate of GDP per capita, five years average growth rate of FDI in origin country, year 1984 and the changes in the number of competitors as the independent variables, and ownership or not as the dependent variable, applied logistic regression models in testing the relation between the selected variables. Outcomes indicate that cultural differences factor and five years average growth rate of GDP per capita factor bear significant factor loading while the other yielded insignificant results. Emerging countries in Asia ¡V e.g. Vietnam and Thailand ¡V possess close culture characteristics with Taiwan. Thus if advertisement firms are willing to invest in these markets, it is suggested to enter with ownership ¡V especially when the underlying countries¡¦ GDP growth rates are high.

<p>The world we live in is getting more and more global and this development carries many affects, not least for the business environment. During the last decades foreign direct investments have increased rapidly. Historically speaking, foreign direct investments were primarily undertaken by large corporations with high turnover and financial strength. However, with the alleviation of investment regulations smaller companies now also have an opportunity to reap the benefits of international business. Jönköping County is known for its entrepreneurial spirit and high density of small- and medium sized companies. We found that it would be interesting to discover the reason why these, usually successful, firms conducted foreign direct investments.</p><p>The purpose of this thesis is to describe the reasons and factors behind a foreign direct investment undertaken by mediumsized manufacturing firms in the Jönköping region.</p><p>The research was carried out by using a qualitative method. We found five firms within this region that were of medium size and wanted to participate in our study. The companies that we interviewed were; Eldon AB, Carlfors Bruk AB, AB Pettersons Järn-förädling, IDAB WAMAC International AB, and RH Form AB.</p><p>The main reason for conducting a foreign direct investment mentioned by these firms was market seeking motives. The companies wanted to enter new markets in order to grow and widen their customer base. The firms were mainly seeking markets that were large and had a good potential for growth. The remaining company based their decision on a resource seeking motive. The firms have decided to enter these markets through different entry modes. The firms that saw risks and lack of knowledge as important factors have chosen to use a joint venture as an entry mode. The companies that wanted a quick entry chose acquisitions as their form of entry. The two firms that have done green-field investments have done so for different reasons. One had knowledge and contacts already and did not see the need to acquire another firm and the other wanted to keep the full control of its technology. We have found that the factors in the host markets are most influential in the decision to invest abroad, and that push factors from the domestic market has had little significance. The firms are aware of the risks involved but do not choose location based on them.</p>

Abstract  Background:   The main aim of the research is to focus on the market potential of the cosmetic brands in the market of Aruba, Bonaire and Curacao (ABC islands). These islands are located in the Caribbean Sea in front of the coast of South-America. Before starting to expand, international companies first search for potential suitable markets to invest in. This thesis attempts to find out if there is a potential market for the cosmetic products of the companies on the ABCislands. 　 Purpose: The purpose of the Master thesis is to find out if there is a potential market for new cosmetic products on the ABC islands. To achieve the purpose, the research addresses the market potential analysis.  Conclusion:   The market of Aruba and Curacao offer a great number of potential clients and a good future prospect. These findings are also supported by research that was conducted in 2007 by the Icongrouponline.  Majority of the consumers on the islands are willing to try new professional cosmetics products. Additionally, the tourism industry plays an important role when assessing the market potential on these islands for professional cosmetics products.  Key words:   Internationalization, market selection, market potential and development, entry mode, cosmetics products, Aruba, Bonaire, Curacao

The world we live in is getting more and more global and this development carries many affects, not least for the business environment. During the last decades foreign direct investments have increased rapidly. Historically speaking, foreign direct investments were primarily undertaken by large corporations with high turnover and financial strength. However, with the alleviation of investment regulations smaller companies now also have an opportunity to reap the benefits of international business. Jönköping County is known for its entrepreneurial spirit and high density of small- and medium sized companies. We found that it would be interesting to discover the reason why these, usually successful, firms conducted foreign direct investments. The purpose of this thesis is to describe the reasons and factors behind a foreign direct investment undertaken by mediumsized manufacturing firms in the Jönköping region. The research was carried out by using a qualitative method. We found five firms within this region that were of medium size and wanted to participate in our study. The companies that we interviewed were; Eldon AB, Carlfors Bruk AB, AB Pettersons Järn-förädling, IDAB WAMAC International AB, and RH Form AB. The main reason for conducting a foreign direct investment mentioned by these firms was market seeking motives. The companies wanted to enter new markets in order to grow and widen their customer base. The firms were mainly seeking markets that were large and had a good potential for growth. The remaining company based their decision on a resource seeking motive. The firms have decided to enter these markets through different entry modes. The firms that saw risks and lack of knowledge as important factors have chosen to use a joint venture as an entry mode. The companies that wanted a quick entry chose acquisitions as their form of entry. The two firms that have done green-field investments have done so for different reasons. One had knowledge and contacts already and did not see the need to acquire another firm and the other wanted to keep the full control of its technology. We have found that the factors in the host markets are most influential in the decision to invest abroad, and that push factors from the domestic market has had little significance. The firms are aware of the risks involved but do not choose location based on them.

A lot of research has been done concerning the internationalization process of companies. However, researchers have identified a new type of firm that is leapfrogging and is operating internationally right after inception. These companies are Born Globals. We are interested in this trend and the purpose of this research is to understand the strategic behaviour of Born Globals. Therefore, we have done qualitative research on these companies and we will focus on their pre-internationalization steps, their key drivers and their relation to the home market. We have found three case companies, who have helped us in our understandings and we have made several conclusions, regarding their strategic behaviour.

The purpose of this thesis is to explore how emerging market firms enter more advanced markets. The aim is to identify the main challenges that the firms experience and discover how the companies operate to manage these challenges. In order to reach our purpose the thesis has implied a qualitative method as well as a multiple-case study and the empirical data of the thesis have conducted semi- structured interviews.   The literature review is divided into two main parts, whereas the first part is Entry modes which include the following theories: Choice of Entry mode, Barriers to internationalization, the Uppsala Internationalization Model and the Network Model. The second part is cultural differences and consists of the following theories: Levels of culture, Hofstede’s cultural dimensions and Trompenaars cross cultural studies.   In the analysis we have connected our empirical findings with the theories mentioned above. The analysis consists of a discussion between the literature review and the empirical data in order to research their consistent and to find a common pattern. The conclusion reveals that emerging market firms enter more advanced market differently depending on factors such as the purpose with the entry and previous contacts in the advanced market. The main challenges are connected to the cultural aspects, which are managed differently by the companies.