Orientador: Célia Regina Lopes Zimback / Banca: Sérgio Lázaro de Lima / Banca: Rodrigo Lilla Manzione / Resumo: Entre outros desafios elencados para consecução na gestão da água encontra-se o paradigma entre o crescimento urbano e econômico, a crescente demanda por alimentos, por produtos e insumos e os impactos gerados por tal crescimento. O planejamento territorial de uma bacia hidrográfica com base em suas características geoambientais constitui o melhor método para evitar a degradação de seus recursos hídricos. Campos de Holambra II, distrito da Estância Turística de Paranapamena, localizase a sudeste do Estado de São Paulo e possui uma economia centrada no agronegócio destacando-se, principalmente, por se utilizar da agricultura mecanizada, sistemas modernos de irrigação e altos índices de produtividade agrícola, sendo referência como um dos Maiores Polos Agrícolas Irrigados com Pivô Central do Estado de São Paulo. Desta forma, optou-se pela aplicação da metodologia da geoecologia da paisagem para a realização das etapas de planejamento ambiental territorial da sub-bacia hidrográfica do Ribeirão da Posses, que nasce e abrange a área denominada Campos de Holambra II, com o objetivo de contribuir para uma gestão mais eficiente dos recursos naturais existentes na bacia e oferecer subsídios para o ordenamento territorial rural e conciliar os usos consultivos da bacia com a preservação e conservação dos recursos naturais existentes. Com a aplicação da metodologia da geoecologia da paisagem e com o uso de sistemas de informações geográficas (SIG's), pode-se obter uma grande quantidade de dados e, pelos estudos e diagnósticos obtidos, pôde-se concluir que a bacia apresenta: forte presença de processos erosivos acelerados nas cabeceiras de drenagem, fragmentação da vegetação nativa, presença de loteamentos de alto padrão inseridos em área de preservação ... / Abstract: Other challenges listed for attainment the water management found the paradigm between urban and economical development, the increasing demand for food, products and inputs and impacts created by this increase. The territorial planning of a watershed based on their environmental features is the best method to prevent the degradation of water resources. Campos Holambra II, district of Tourist City of Paranapamena, is located in the southeast of the state of Sao Paulo and has an economy based on agribusiness emphasizing mainly by using mechanized farming, modern systems of irrigation and high rates of agricultural productivity, being the reference as one of the Biggest Centre of Agricultural Irrigated Pole with Central Pivot of the state of Sao Paulo. Thus, it was decided to apply the methodology of geoecology landscape to perform the planning stages of territorial environmental watershed of the Ribeirão da Posses, which rises and covers the area called Campos de Holambra II, aiming to contribute to a more efficient management of the natural resources in the basin and provide subsidies for rural land arrangement and toprovide subsidies for rural and territorial advisory reconcile the uses of the basin with the preservation and conservation of natural resources . With the application of the methodology of geoecology landscape and the use of geographic information systems ( GIS ) , one can obtain a large amount of data and the studies and diagnoses obtained , it was concluded that the basin presents : strong presence of accelerated erosion in the headwaters drainage , fragmentation of native vegetation , the presence of blends of high standard placed in a permanent conservation area , small presence of native vegetation in riparian zones , high density busses and ... / Mestre

Orientador: Archimedes Perez Filho / Banca: Valter Guimarães / Banca: Eva Teixeira dos Santos / Banca: Andréia Medinilha Pancher / Banca: Salvador Carpi Junior / Resumo: A Alta Bacia do Rio Taboco tem uma área de 109,42 Km2, em um perímetro de 64,09 Km, porção centro-oeste do Mato Grosso do Sul, município de Corguinho MS.O Rio Taboco está encravado na superfície do planalto Maracaju - Campo Grande, na Bacia Sedimentar do Paraná. O objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar a dinâmica das transformações antrópicas, com isso propor uma melhor forma de uso e ocupação, através de um rearranjo espacial do Ordenamento Territorial da Alta Bacia do Rio Taboco, com o apoio de técnicas de geoprocessamento. A base teórica metodológica adotada é da análise sistêmica, através do entrosamento integrado meio físico e antrópico, organizando um banco de dados, através de levantamentos geográficos e bases cartográficas, confeccionando mapas temáticos e utilizando bases secundárias, desde mapas do relevo, fragilidades naturais e potenciais aos mapas sínteses de uso e ocupação de 1984, 2004, 2013, zoneamento ambiental e ordenamento territorial. Os resultados apontam uma estreita relação entre as formas de relevo em especial a declividade, com o uso e ocupação através das pastagens, foco principal na região, atividade que impera o desenvolvimento econômico, também contribui para os principais problemas ambientais, como desmatamentos excessivos da vegetação nativa da Alta Bacia, em torno de 60% da área encontra-se apropriada por pastagens. Por este motivo, há a necessidade de propor soluções para melhorar a relação homem e meio. A proposta segue uma contextualização baseada nas legislações ambientais, fragilidades e potencialidades naturais da Alta Bacia, dividindo as áreas em: restritas - propensas a preservação permanente; produtivas - destinadas ao uso e ocupação com a pecuária extensiva de corte; e divergentes de uso, áreas com conflitos de uso, associada às questões ambientais / Abstract: The Upper Basin Taboco River has an area of 109.42 km2, in a perimeter of 64.09 km, central-western portion of Mato Grosso do Sul, city of Corguinho MS. The Taboco river is ingrown on the surface of Maracaju plateau - Campo Grande, in the Sedimentary Basin of Paraná. The objective of this research is to analyze the dynamics of anthropogenic changes, therewith propose a better way to use and occupation, through a spatial rearrangement of territorial planning of Upper River Basin Taboco, with the support of geoprocessing techniques. The methodological theoretical basis adopted is the systemic analysis, through the mesh integrated the physical and anthropic medium, organizing a database, through geographic surveys and cartographic bases, by creating thematic maps and using secondary basis, from relief maps, natural and potential weaknesses to synthesis maps of use and occupation of 1984, 2004, 2013, environmental zoning and territorial planning. The results show a close relationship between the landforms specially the slope, with the use and occupation through the pastures, the main focus in the region, activity that reigns economic development, also contributes to the main environmental problems, as excessive deforestation of native vegetation of Upper Basin, around 60% of the area is suitable for pastures. For this reason, there is a need to propose solutions to improve the relationship between man and environment. The proposal follows a contextualization based on environmental legislation, weaknesses and natural potentialities of Upper Basin, dividing the areas in: restricted - likely to permanent preservation; productive - destined for use and occupation with the extensive livestock cattle; and divergent of use, areas with conflicts of use, associated with environmental issues / Doutor

In recent decades, ecohydrology has received renewed attention because of the impacts of groundwater withdrawal on ecosystems. Growing population and urban expansion in Palm Beach County, FL. place pressure to eradicate natural areas, such as Florida scrub habitats, and increase groundwater withdrawal. This study presents preliminary results of soil and hydrological characterization of an ecological preserve surrounded by changing land use. Soil moisture and water levels were monitored to assess the effects of precipitation as influenced by plants and soil analysis determined the suitability of current soil conditions for hosting native vegetation habitats. Hydrologic and soil conditions on the preserve fall within values expected for native Florida scrub habitats. Hydrologic response to precipitation varied due to factors including antecedent conditions and vegetation types. These results provide a better understanding of the interactions between soil proper ties, hydrologic cycle, and plants, and assist with establishing a baseline to monitor changes over time. / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (M.S.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2015. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

Orientador: Fábio Augusto Gomes Vieira Reis / Banca: Vânia Silvia Rosolen / Banca: Gerson Araujo Medeiros / Resumo: O licenciamento ambiental é um dos principais instrumentos de gestão ambiental e é previsto na legislação para rodovias, que obriga a elaboração de Estudos de Impacto Ambiental (EIA) para seu funcionamento. O desencadeamento e a intensificação de processos de dinâmica superficial são impactos listados na fase de implantação de rodovias. A Resolução CONAMA nº 01 de 1986 define limites geográficos para o alcance de impactos gerados por rodovias. Estes limites são chamados de áreas de influência, que são divididas em: Área Diretamente Afetada (ADA), Área de Influência Direta (AID) e Área de Influência Indireta (AII). Com o objetivo de propor critérios para delimitação de áreas de estudo e de influência em EIAs de rodovias com foco em aspectos do meio físico, foram avaliados os critérios utilizados para a definição das áreas de influência nos quatro EIAs da rodovia dos Tamoios/SP: Contorno Sul de Caraguatatuba e São Sebastião, Trecho Serra, Subtrecho Planalto e Contorno Norte de Caraguatatuba. O empreendimento localiza-se na Serra do Mar, importante região econômica do litoral norte paulista e com um histórico de eventos de escorregamentos ao longo de encostas com altas declividades. A interceptação da rodovia pelos diferentes contextos geomorfológicos (planalto, serra e planície) pode ser vulnerável para processos de dinâmica superficial, como corridas de massa. A análise dos estudos ambientais foi focada no meio físico: geologia, geomorfologia, geotecnia e pedologia. Os critérios utilizados para a definição das áreas de influências não foram descritos nos EIAs, os quais limitaram estas áreas por limites de bacias hidrográficas interceptadas pelo traçado rodoviário e também por faixas com distâncias fixas das ADAs. Tais delimitações subestimam o raio de alcance de ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The environmental license process is one of the most important tools of environmental management. As such, when considering the construction of highways, it is mandatory by law the elaboration of an Environmental Impact Study (EIA in Portuguese). Triggering and intensification of dynamic surficial process are important impacts on roads construction phase. The Brazilian government Resolution CONAMA 01/1986 defines geographic boundaries for the reach of impacts generated by highway construction. Directly affected area (ADA), direct influenced area (AID) and indirect influenced area (AII) are the division of those boundaries (influenced areas). With the aim to propose criteria to define those boundaries for highways focusing on physical environment, it was analyzed four EIAs elaborated for the construction of the Tamoios Highway (a road in Sao Paulo State in Brazil). This enterprise is located in "Serra do Mar" mountain range, an important economic zone in Brazil, with a history of landslides events associated to and developed to its steep slopes. The road intercepts different geomorphologic contexts: plateau, mountain range and plain, these can be triggering for dynamic surficial process, as mud flow. This condition is vulnerable for these types of process. The physical environment, such as geology, geomorphology, geotechnics and pedology, were the focus of the analysis. These EIAs did not utilized the proper methodology for the limitation of the influenced areas. The areas were restricted to watershed limits or land bands nearby the ADA. Both definitions underestimate the range of environmental impacts, like debris flow and flood in lower altitudes. As conclusion, physical environment aspects are new criteria to define study areas and influenced areas for roads' EIAs. The present study case (Tamoios highway) used this ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Orientador: Sandra Elisa Contri Pitton / Banca: Ana Tereza Caceres Cortez / Banca: Roseana Corrêa Grilo / Resumo: As epidemias infectocontagiosas tais como cólera, dengue, malária, sarampo, tuberculose e AIDS assolam a sociedade humana, desestruturando a população nos segmentos sociais, econômicos e políticos. Dentre essas doenças optou-se em estudar os casos de AIDS, através da observação das categorias de exposição (sexo, preferência sexual, uso de drogas, faixa etária e razão por sexo) e das características sócio-territoriais da AIDS, permitindo-se assim trabalhar duas vertentes: o recorte do assistencialismo, o qual é responsável em cronificar a doença, evitando a morte do paciente, e, também elucidar uma possível mudança no perfil da doença. Essa discussão desenvolveu-se segundo a abordagem qualitativa e sob a perspectiva da Geografia socioambiental, utilizando-se de diferentes metodologias, as quais possibilitaram a construção dos mapas sócio-territoriais, gráficos e tabelas, traçando, dessa maneira, o perfil da epidemia na cidade de Piracicaba, visando contribuir com as políticas públicas para a saúde, assegurando acessibilidade aos serviços / Abstract: The contagious epidemics such as cholera, dengue fever, malaria, measles, tuberculosis and AIDS devastates the human society, disintegrating the human society in social, economical and political segments. Among those diseases, it was decided to study the cases of AIDS, through the observation of different ways of exposition (sex, sexual option, use of drugs, age range and proportion of infected man to women ) and the characteristics related to social-geographical characteristics of AIDS, allowing to work in two different points of view: the welfare system, which is responsible for preventing a reinfection , avoiding the death of the patient and also, elucidate a possible change in the characteristics of the disease. This discussion developed according to a qualitative approach under the perspective of the socio-environmental Geography using different methodologies, which allow the construction of social-gegraphical maps, graphs and tables, outlining, this way, the characteristics of the epidemics in the city of Piracicaba, in order to contribute to the public policies for health, assuring the accessibility to the services / Mestre

Desertification is a problem occurring in arid and semiarid zones all over the world. It is a consequence of mismanagement of the land. Human activities and livestock pressure on such fragile ecosystems lead to a deterioration of the soil by increasing its salinity, lessening its moisture, and covering it with sand and dust. Aerial photographs and satellite images constitute a tool for mapping and monitoring the desertification process. Multispectral data can assist in detecting the indicators of desertification in early stages in order to plan adequate action. The improvement of the resolution of satellite images and the fact that they are available on a periodic basis make the use of these data suitable for mapping the evolution of desert patches at large scales. The green band of Landsat MSS is used in this study. Two images taken, respectively, in 1976 and 1985 and covering the province of Ouarzazate in southern Morocco are used to map the desertification process and its evolution in the region. At the scale used and given the ground resolution of the MSS (80 meters), significant changes were found between the two images. However, changes occurring at scale smaller than 80 meter square were impossible to detect by visual interpretation of this band.

Mortality data from two populations, Bowling Green and Lexington, Kentucky, were correlated with atmospheric conditions for this region. The mortality data included the cause of death by respiratory disease, age, sex and race. The respiratory diseases considered in this study were emphysema, tuberculosis, pneumonia, asthma, influenza, acute and chronic bronchitis. The atmospheric conditions considered t have an effect on health were temperature, barometric pressure, relative humidity and precipitation. Mean temperature, mean barometric pressure, and mean precipitation per month were correlated with the death rate per thousand but proved no significance at the .05 level in either study area. IN the null hypotheses low temperatures, high barometric pressure, and dry weather did not show a high significant correlation with death rate. The availability of data and sample size were limiting factors in this study.

Ecotourism is a common conservation and development strategy in the Maya, Forest region. New sites of ecotourism consumption, such as El Rematé near Tikal National Park in Guatemala, are developing in response to consumer demand for budget accommodations in this attractive cultural and natural setting. This study analyzes new ecotourism infrastructure developments in El Rematé for signs that this tourism draws on ecological imagery as expressed in popular media - or popular ecology - not on the natural and cultural ecology of the region that is the target of international conservation efforts. Analysis suggests that ecotourism entrepreneurs who effectively associate their product with texts of popular ecology will out-compete the community ecotourism projects supported by the non-governmental organizations managing the Biosphere Reserves in the region, challenging the success of international conservation and development strategies.

Nurse plant and object facilitation is an important factor mitigating abiotic stress, improving seedling recruitment, and shaping the fine-scale spatial patterns of many plant communities. I investigate the role of facilitation on lodgepole pine regeneration following blowdown in central Oregon. My objective is to examine the importance of nurse objects on seedling recruitment under varying stand conditions. I base my analysis on 1) the mapped locations and attributes of seedlings, saplings, trees, shrubs, snags, stumps, and sound and decomposed logs in each of five, 500 m2 circular plots, 2) water holding capacity estimates of woody and leafy litter and pumice soil, and 3) growing-season air temperatures. My analysis identifies seedling patterns at multiple spatial scales (~0-8 m) using nearest neighbor and Ripley’s K statistics and identifies differences in canopy structure, seedling development, and temperature using non-parametric rank-sum tests. My results show blowdown severity varies with pre-disturbance stand structure, resulting in a multi-modal stand structure with a wide range of canopy and seedling microhabitat conditions. Stand-wide, post-blowdown regeneration patterns reveal >80% of seedlings grow near nurse shrubs, logs, and woody litter, suggesting preferential germination and survival in these microhabitats. High seedling densities correspond with median shrub diameters, and up to 38% of seedlings grow near recently downed logs, indicating both shrubs and logs serve as important nurse objects. The role of nurse objects in mitigating moisture stress is implicated by the potentially high evaporative stress under extreme growing season temperatures in areas of severe blowdown and by the high moisture-holding capacity of woody litter relative to the pumice soil. Stand-wide, 91% of all seedlings and 87% of all shrubs grow on woody litter, and seedlings growing on woody litter show the greatest development. The positive spatial correlation of seedlings and shrubs with nurse plants and woody litter supports the assertion that both are important facilitators for seedling regeneration and emerging spatial patterns of stand recovery. These results have important management implications, suggesting that the removal of nurse plants and objects through salvage logging or prescribed burning may have negative long-term impacts on local and regional forest regeneration.

This thesis is a case study of a small agricultural community located along the eastern edge of Everglades National Park, The purpose of this study was to document the way land use decisions have been made and how these decisions have affected this community and the Everglades ecosystem. This research demonstrated that decisions made by the involved agencies have negatively affected both the community of Pariah, Florida and the Everglades ecosystem. Research methods included extensive document research, participant observation and formal and informal interviews. It appears that public concern over “saving the Everglades” has been used to provide a legitimating framework for the achievement of a plurality of personal goals and unstated agency agendas that have little or nothing to do with either the Everglades or the environment in general.