<p>Since their creation, the multilateral development banks have accumulated performance records that include both substantial successes and stunning failures. Nowhere have their performance records been more mixed and controversial than with respect to environmental management issues. The multilateral development banks have financed projects that are widely considered to be environmental disasters, but have also financed projects that successfully included best practice environmental mitigation measures. They have wasted hundreds of millions of dollars financing unsuccessful environmental protection programs, while at the same time they have supported programs that contributed to the rapid development of environmental management capacity in less-developed countries. The purpose of this dissertation is to explore when and why monitoring and evaluation can prompt the multilateral development banks to move away from poor performing projects and towards high performing projects.</p><p>This type of performance-based allocation has been repeatedly highlighted as a key element in the successful delivery of development assistance. To test when the multilateral development banks practice performance-based allocation, I assembled a team that coded environmental performance information from 960 project evaluations, 174 program evaluations, and 74 civil society complaints. I use the resulting data to model when four multilateral development banks - the World Bank, Asian Development Bank, Inter-American Development Bank, and African Development Bank - make performance-based allocation decisions about environmentally-risky and environment-improving operations. In addition, I visited the headquarters of each of these organizations and conducted interviews with 54 staff members about the processes that are in place to use monitoring and evaluation information as part of decision-making.</p><p>I find that the establishment of monitoring and evaluation systems at the MDBs has not created incentives for staff to practice performance-based allocation. Instead, performance information influences allocation decisions when it helps MDB staff approve future projects more quickly. It does so by helping staff identify development projects that are likely to face significant delays due to the inability of the borrowing country to manage negative environmental impacts and to identify the borrowing countries that are likely to successfully implement environment-improving operations.</p> / Dissertation

Submitted by Geandra Rodrigues (geandrar@gmail.com) on 2017-12-22T13:10:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 fernandaantunesspolaor.pdf: 1843217 bytes, checksum: 1b463af5e2c7a75a53ecd0c80494cedd (MD5) / Rejected by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br), reason: Somente primeira palavra com inicial em maiúsculo. Alterar para minúsculas: Educação Ambiental Crítica Critical Environmental Education on 2018-01-22T15:22:59Z (GMT) / Submitted by Geandra Rodrigues (geandrar@gmail.com) on 2018-01-22T16:07:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 fernandaantunesspolaor.pdf: 1843217 bytes, checksum: 1b463af5e2c7a75a53ecd0c80494cedd (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2018-01-24T11:56:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 fernandaantunesspolaor.pdf: 1843217 bytes, checksum: 1b463af5e2c7a75a53ecd0c80494cedd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-24T11:56:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 fernandaantunesspolaor.pdf: 1843217 bytes, checksum: 1b463af5e2c7a75a53ecd0c80494cedd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-11 / A dissertação que ora se apresenta é fruto do Mestrado em Gestão e Avaliação da Educação Pública, do Programa de Pós-Graduação Profissional Stricto Sensu da Faculdade de Educação, da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora. Fundamentada em observações empíricas e na abordagem da pesquisa qualitativa, perscrutou saberes e fazeres intrínsecos a dois projetos de Educação Ambiental, elaborados e implementados por duas escolas estaduais de Ensino Médio jurisdicionadas à Superintendência Regional de Ensino de Juiz de Fora, órgão institucional da Secretaria de Estado de Educação de Minas Gerais. A análise realizada, de caráter interpretativo, ao se apropriar do enredo teórico-metodológico de um estudo de caso múltiplo e dos pressupostos da Educação Ambiental Crítica, objetivou compreender em que medida os projetos de Educação Ambiental complexificam, doravante suas respectivas realidades contextuais, injustiças e conflitos socioambientais. As inferências resultantes, em virtude da ênfase atribuída pelos respectivos projetos a questões puramente ecológicas, indicaram a preponderância de perspectivas conservacionistas e pragmáticas de Educação Ambiental nos contextos educativos. Estas, ao invisibilizarem as relações sociais que se constituem e, ao mesmo tempo, são constituídas a partir da confluência existente entre o modo de organização da sociedade capitalista e a natureza, impossibilitam a problematização de injustiças e conflitos socioambientais no âmago de movimentos que tencionam, tão somente, a reprodução do status quo de classes sociais privilegiadas política e economicamente. No sentido de romper com esta tendência histórica, a pesquisa culminou com a proposição de uma ação educacional que vislumbra a constituição de redes de aprendizagem como estratégia para a construção coletiva de projetos socioambientais, a serem implementados em ambientes socioeducativos, a partir da ressignificação de saberes e fazeres relacionados à Educação Ambiental. / The present dissertation is the result of the Master in Management and Evaluation of Public Education, of the Stricto Sensu Professional Postgraduate Program of the Faculty of Education, Federal University of Juiz de Fora. Based on empirical observations and the approach to qualitative research, it explored knowledges and practices intrinsic to two Environmental Education projects, elaborated and implemented by two state high-school schools, which were adjudicated to the Regional Superintendence of Education of Juiz de Fora, an institutional body of the Secretary of State of Education of Minas Gerais. The interpretive analysis, when appropriating the theoretical-methodological plot of a multiple case study and the assumptions of Critical Environmental Education, aimed to understand what extent the Environmental Education projects, henceforth, complexify their respective contextual realities, injustices and social and environmental conflicts. The resulting inferences, due to the emphasis given by the respective projects to purely ecological issues, indicated the preponderance of conservationist and pragmatic perspectives of Environmental Education in educational contexts. These, by making invisible the social relations that are constituted and at the same time are constituted from the confluence between the mode of organization of capitalist society and nature, make it impossible to problematize social and environmental injustices and conflicts at the heart of the movements that they intend, only, the reproduction of the status quo of socially and politically privileged social classes. In order to break with this historical trend, the research culminated in the proposition of an educational action that envisages the formation of learning networks as a strategy for the collective construction of socio-environmental projects, to be implemented in socio-educational environments, based on the re-signification of knowledge and actions related to Environmental Education.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-26T18:49:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO COMPLETA_25_07.pdf: 1248342 bytes, checksum: fd990a81d10367b725866db7b72f0094 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-06-11 / Thinking Environmental Education means learning to look at the local and the global understanding its history, values, perceptions, economic and technologic factors, and the natural and artificial process that act in it. The school has the task of Environmental Education proposing a philosophy of work where the culture that direct the school curriculum, in the different subjects, organize the individual in the group and the group in the history. That way, working Environmental Education makes possible the acquisition of knowledges and skills capable of provide changes of attitudes, sensibility and conscience of students. This search had as main objective to investigate in the Municipal Schools (downtown, neighbourhood and rural) of Vera Cruz do Oeste Paraná, with groups of Pre-School until Fourth Grade (5 to 10 years old), the elements that favour or make difficult the implementation of projects of Environmental Education. This study worked in the qualitative perspective so the projects that are being developed in the schools were analysed and searched to understand how this process is happening with all get involved. The procedures to collect of datas involved documental analysis, interviews with semi-structured script for students of Pre-School and First Grade and questionnaire for others grades (Second until Fourth Grades), teachers, supervisors, coordinators and principals. The preliminary analysis must indicate the elements that facilitate and make difficult the implementation of projects and point some indicatives aiming to contribute for improvement and quality life of citizens, building alternatives based in the reality and they can realize and effective the Environmental Education of reflexive and critical form. / Este trabalho partiu do pressuposto de que pensar Educação Ambiental significa aprender a ver o ambiente local e global compreendendo sua história, valores, percepções, fatores econômicos e tecnológicos, além dos processos naturais ou artificiais que atuam nele. Para tanto, a escola tem a tarefa de uma educação ambiental propondo uma filosofia de trabalho em que a cultura que permeia os currículos escolares, nas diferentes disciplinas, seja organizar o indivíduo em seu coletivo e o coletivo em sua história. Dessa forma, trabalhar a Educação Ambiental possibilita a aquisição de conhecimentos e habilidades capazes de proporcionar mudança de atitudes, sensibilização e conscientização dos alunos. Nessa linha de raciocínio, a pesquisa teve como objetivo principal investigar nas Escolas Municipais de Vera Cruz do Oeste - Paraná, (Centro, Bairro e Rural) em turmas da Pré-escola à 4ª série, os elementos que favorecem ou dificultam a implementação de projetos de Educação Ambiental. A pesquisa desenvolveu-se numa perspectiva qualitativa, configurando-se como estudo de caso. Para tanto, foram analisados os projetos que vêm sendo desenvolvidos junto às escolas e procurou-se compreender como vem se efetivando esse processo a partir das percepções dos sujeitos envolvidos. Os procedimentos de coleta de dados envolveram análise documental, entrevistas com roteiro semi-estruturado com os alunos da Pré-Escola e 1ª série e questionários aplicados aos alunos de 2ª à 4ª série, professores, supervisores, coordenadores e diretores. As análises, ainda preliminares, deverão indicar os elementos facilitadores e dificultadores da implementação dos projetos e apontar alguns indicativos visando melhorar e contribuir para a melhoria e qualidade de vida de todos os munícipes, buscando a construção de alternativas alicerçadas na realidade e que possam concretizar e efetivar a Educação Ambiental de forma reflexiva e crítica.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-18T17:54:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO COMPLETA_25_07.pdf: 1248342 bytes, checksum: fd990a81d10367b725866db7b72f0094 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-06-11 / Thinking Environmental Education means learning to look at the local and the global understanding its history, values, perceptions, economic and technologic factors, and the natural and artificial process that act in it. The school has the task of Environmental Education proposing a philosophy of work where the culture that direct the school curriculum, in the different subjects, organize the individual in the group and the group in the history. That way, working Environmental Education makes possible the acquisition of knowledges and skills capable of provide changes of attitudes, sensibility and conscience of students. This search had as main objective to investigate in the Municipal Schools (downtown, neighbourhood and rural) of Vera Cruz do Oeste Paraná, with groups of Pre-School until Fourth Grade (5 to 10 years old), the elements that favour or make difficult the implementation of projects of Environmental Education. This study worked in the qualitative perspective so the projects that are being developed in the schools were analysed and searched to understand how this process is happening with all get involved. The procedures to collect of datas involved documental analysis, interviews with semi-structured script for students of Pre-School and First Grade and questionnaire for others grades (Second until Fourth Grades), teachers, supervisors, coordinators and principals. The preliminary analysis must indicate the elements that facilitate and make difficult the implementation of projects and point some indicatives aiming to contribute for improvement and quality life of citizens, building alternatives based in the reality and they can realize and effective the Environmental Education of reflexive and critical form. / Este trabalho partiu do pressuposto de que pensar Educação Ambiental significa aprender a ver o ambiente local e global compreendendo sua história, valores, percepções, fatores econômicos e tecnológicos, além dos processos naturais ou artificiais que atuam nele. Para tanto, a escola tem a tarefa de uma educação ambiental propondo uma filosofia de trabalho em que a cultura que permeia os currículos escolares, nas diferentes disciplinas, seja organizar o indivíduo em seu coletivo e o coletivo em sua história. Dessa forma, trabalhar a Educação Ambiental possibilita a aquisição de conhecimentos e habilidades capazes de proporcionar mudança de atitudes, sensibilização e conscientização dos alunos. Nessa linha de raciocínio, a pesquisa teve como objetivo principal investigar nas Escolas Municipais de Vera Cruz do Oeste - Paraná, (Centro, Bairro e Rural) em turmas da Pré-escola à 4ª série, os elementos que favorecem ou dificultam a implementação de projetos de Educação Ambiental. A pesquisa desenvolveu-se numa perspectiva qualitativa, configurando-se como estudo de caso. Para tanto, foram analisados os projetos que vêm sendo desenvolvidos junto às escolas e procurou-se compreender como vem se efetivando esse processo a partir das percepções dos sujeitos envolvidos. Os procedimentos de coleta de dados envolveram análise documental, entrevistas com roteiro semi-estruturado com os alunos da Pré-Escola e 1ª série e questionários aplicados aos alunos de 2ª à 4ª série, professores, supervisores, coordenadores e diretores. As análises, ainda preliminares, deverão indicar os elementos facilitadores e dificultadores da implementação dos projetos e apontar alguns indicativos visando melhorar e contribuir para a melhoria e qualidade de vida de todos os munícipes, buscando a construção de alternativas alicerçadas na realidade e que possam concretizar e efetivar a Educação Ambiental de forma reflexiva e crítica.