A agricultura familiar camponesa apresenta grande importância no Alto Tietê, principalmente na cidade de Mogi das Cruzes (SP). Com base em dados quantitativos, por meio da tabulação de banco de dados e qualitativos, por meio de visitas a área de estudo e conversas com os agricultores e funcionários públicos, foi possível traçar um perfil socioambiental da área estudada. Após o desencadeamento da luta pela terra os agricultores posseiros conseguiram a regularização fundiária da área. O INCRA é o órgão governamental responsável pelo desenvolvimento ali do chamado Projeto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (PDS). Os agricultores estão inseridos na lógica do mercado capitalista, a venda de produtos é garantida pela proximidade com o mercado consumidor, produzem as hortaliças com base na agricultura derivada da Revolução Verde, ou seja, a agricultura quimificada. Assim, produzem e vendem hortaliças com velocidade recorde, gerando recursos financeiros e produção agrícola que dificilmente se vê em outros lugares de regularização fundiária e assentamentos de reforma agrária. Um olhar mais atento aos dados produzidos demonstra que o pilar econômico é favorecido, enquanto os pilares social e ambiental aparecem sendo sacrificados. O INCRA basicamente conseguiu garantir a permanência destes agricultores posseiros, comprando a área, porém pouco tem contribuído para o desenvolvimento dos agricultores nas áreas econômica, social e ambiental. Somente a organização dos agricultores camponeses, a luta e a cobrança aos órgãos competentes por melhoria na qualidade de vida e do meio ambiente na área de estudo, podem fazer que o PDS obtenha êxito nestas áreas mais carentes de políticas públicas e tornar-se referência para uma futura política de reforma agrária e regularização fundiária, que leve em conta o desenvolvimento sustentável da agricultura, ou a sustentabilidade do modelo agrícola no futuro / Peasant family farming is of great importance in the Alto Tietê, especially in the city of Mogi das Cruzes (SP). Based on quantitative data, through tabulation of databases and qualitative, through visits to the study area and conversations with farmers and public officials, it was possible to draw a socio-environmental profile of the area studied. After the struggle for land was launched, squatter farmers were able to regularize land ownership. INCRA is the government agency responsible for the development of the so-called Sustainable Development Project (PDS). Farmers are embedded in the logic of the capitalist market, the sale of products is guaranteed by proximity to the consumer market, produce vegetables based on agriculture derived from the Green Revolution, i.e., chelated agriculture. Thus, they produce and sell vegetables at a record speed, generating financial resources and agricultural production that can hardly be seen in other places of land regularization and agrarian reform settlements. A closer look at the data produced demonstrates that the economic pillar is favored, while the social and environmental pillars appear to be sacrificed. INCRA basically managed to guarantee the permanence of these squatters, buying the area, but little has contributed to the development of the farmers in the economic, social and environmental areas. Only the organization of peasant farmers, the fight and the charging of competent public agencies for improving the quality of life and the environment in the study area, can make the PDS succeed in these poorer areas of public policy and become a reference for a future agrarian reform and land regularization policy that takes into account the sustainable development of agriculture or the sustainability of the agricultural model in the future

A agricultura familiar camponesa apresenta grande importância no Alto Tietê, principalmente na cidade de Mogi das Cruzes (SP). Com base em dados quantitativos, por meio da tabulação de banco de dados e qualitativos, por meio de visitas a área de estudo e conversas com os agricultores e funcionários públicos, foi possível traçar um perfil socioambiental da área estudada. Após o desencadeamento da luta pela terra os agricultores posseiros conseguiram a regularização fundiária da área. O INCRA é o órgão governamental responsável pelo desenvolvimento ali do chamado Projeto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (PDS). Os agricultores estão inseridos na lógica do mercado capitalista, a venda de produtos é garantida pela proximidade com o mercado consumidor, produzem as hortaliças com base na agricultura derivada da Revolução Verde, ou seja, a agricultura quimificada. Assim, produzem e vendem hortaliças com velocidade recorde, gerando recursos financeiros e produção agrícola que dificilmente se vê em outros lugares de regularização fundiária e assentamentos de reforma agrária. Um olhar mais atento aos dados produzidos demonstra que o pilar econômico é favorecido, enquanto os pilares social e ambiental aparecem sendo sacrificados. O INCRA basicamente conseguiu garantir a permanência destes agricultores posseiros, comprando a área, porém pouco tem contribuído para o desenvolvimento dos agricultores nas áreas econômica, social e ambiental. Somente a organização dos agricultores camponeses, a luta e a cobrança aos órgãos competentes por melhoria na qualidade de vida e do meio ambiente na área de estudo, podem fazer que o PDS obtenha êxito nestas áreas mais carentes de políticas públicas e tornar-se referência para uma futura política de reforma agrária e regularização fundiária, que leve em conta o desenvolvimento sustentável da agricultura, ou a sustentabilidade do modelo agrícola no futuro / Peasant family farming is of great importance in the Alto Tietê, especially in the city of Mogi das Cruzes (SP). Based on quantitative data, through tabulation of databases and qualitative, through visits to the study area and conversations with farmers and public officials, it was possible to draw a socio-environmental profile of the area studied. After the struggle for land was launched, squatter farmers were able to regularize land ownership. INCRA is the government agency responsible for the development of the so-called Sustainable Development Project (PDS). Farmers are embedded in the logic of the capitalist market, the sale of products is guaranteed by proximity to the consumer market, produce vegetables based on agriculture derived from the Green Revolution, i.e., chelated agriculture. Thus, they produce and sell vegetables at a record speed, generating financial resources and agricultural production that can hardly be seen in other places of land regularization and agrarian reform settlements. A closer look at the data produced demonstrates that the economic pillar is favored, while the social and environmental pillars appear to be sacrificed. INCRA basically managed to guarantee the permanence of these squatters, buying the area, but little has contributed to the development of the farmers in the economic, social and environmental areas. Only the organization of peasant farmers, the fight and the charging of competent public agencies for improving the quality of life and the environment in the study area, can make the PDS succeed in these poorer areas of public policy and become a reference for a future agrarian reform and land regularization policy that takes into account the sustainable development of agriculture or the sustainability of the agricultural model in the future

Cette recherche porte sur le développement d'une méthode d'estimation de la qualité environnementale afin d'assister l'éco-conception. Nous avons nommé cette méthode Éco-Profil. Nous nous sommes attachés plus singulièrement à développer un outil adapté aux particularités de la conception architecturale, l'objectif étant de favoriser une (re)mise en question environnementale le plus tôt possible dans le processus de conception. Après avoir exploré différentes approches et outils d'assistance environnementale, nous avons identifié les limites qui expliquent, en partie, les difficultés de ces outils à être intégrés dans la conception architecturale. Certaines phases de conception semblent ne bénéficier que de peu d'assistance, notamment les étapes préliminaires. Pourtant nous savons qu'elles sont essentielles à l'intégration des enjeux environnementaux. Nous proposons une méthode pour assister l'ensemble de la conception architecturale en réponse aux limites identifiées. Une approche estimative par référentiel est mise en place. Elle comporte la particularité d'être globale, qualitative, contextualisé et progressive et possède une instrumentation visuelle analysable. C'est notamment ces caractéristiques qui permettent l'utilisation de la méthode lors des phases de conception en proposant au concepteur le ou les profils environnementaux de son projet. Le développement d'une application prototype nous a conduits à une expérimentation d'Éco-profil. Différents tests ont largement confirmé les hypothèses formulées et la pertinence de la méthode proposée / This research concerns the development of a method to estimate the environmental quality to assist eco-design in architecture. We named this method « Éco-Profil ». We focused more particularly to develop o toot adapted the specificities of architectural design, the aim is to promote environmental challenge as early as possible in the design process. After exploring various approaches and tools for environmental assistance, we have identified some limitations that explain, in part, the difficulties of integration in architectural design. Some phases of design seem appear to get that bit of assistance, including the preliminary stages. Yet they appear to be essential to the integration of environmental issues. We propose a method to assist the overall architectural design in response to the identified limitations. A assessment method per referential is set up, which has the distinction of being comprehensive, qualitative, contextualized and progressive and which has a analysable visual instrumentation. This is particularly this features that allow the use of the method in the design phases and thus provide environmental profiles to the designer. The development of visual tools and an application led us to experiment « Éco-Profil ». These tests have largely confirmed the assumptions made and the relevance of the proposed method

<p>In most business sectors environmental programs focus on direct, production-related environmental impacts. The design and development of products with reduced environmental impact is considered more difficult. The opposite applies in the environmental technology sector. The business model of environmental technology companies focuses on delivering solutions that contribute to improving the environmental performance of their customers. Products and services delivered by this sector have prominent environmental profiles. However, companies in this sector may not necessarily set and implement environmental goals for their own activities and manufacturing processes, and may not clearly distinguish between production and product related environmental aspects.</p><p>This thesis presents results of an online survey of environmental technology companies listed by the Swedish Environmental Technology Council (Swentec). The survey found that depending on the subsector, only between 21% and 45% of companies provide information about their environmental work on their website.</p><p>Environmental impacts of a company may be product and/or production related. The survey found that these dimensions are treated differently, and are not always clearly differentiated in environmental tools and guidelines, such as the ISO 14000 series, the Reporting Guidelines for UK Business, the GRI and The Swedish Annual Accounts (ÅRL). There are also differences in the ways that information about production and product related environmental impacts are considered within the environmental technology industry. Some companies clearly distinguish between product and activity related environmental issues, while others are unclear about the distinction between their products and their activities in environmental policies and management. While some companies in the sector limit the environmental information they disseminate to the environmental benefits of their products, others explicitly articulate that the predominantly product related environmental profiles in the sector drive them to additionally minimise environmental impacts of their own activities.</p><p>This thesis proposes environmental aspects of products and production as bases for corporate environmental profiles, corporate greening, and for defining ‘green’ and ‘green-green’ business, and concludes that companies within the environmental industry should be expected to be green-green business. This thesis concludes that companies within the environmental technology sector should increase their use of both production and product related environmental profile information in their presentations on their own websites and at platforms such as Swentec. Furthermore, the thesis shows that the use of the term ‘process’ within environmental technology sector to describe both the companies’ own operations and their products can create ambiguities in understanding. Companies that deliver ‘processes’ as products should avoid ambiguity by describing their own operations with terms such as ‘production processes’, ‘production’, ‘manufacturing process’, ‘operation’ or ‘activity’.</p> / <p>Ett företags miljöpåverkan kan vara kopplad till tillverkningsprocesser och till produkter. Miljöprogram inom de flesta industrisektorer är inriktade på direkta, produktionsrelaterade miljöaspekter. Däremot anses design och utveckling av produkter med minskad miljöpåverkan svårare. Inom miljötekniksektorn gäller det motsatta. Miljöteknikföretag erbjuder produkter och tjänster med framträdande miljöprofil och levererar lösningar som bidrar till förbättrad miljöprestanda hos deras kunder. Det betyder inte nödvändigtvis att dessa företag arbetar med miljömässiga mål för egna aktiviteter och tillverkningsprocesser, dvs. att dessa företag gör distinktion mellan tillverknings- och produktrelaterade miljöaspekter.</p><p> </p><p>Det övergripande syftet med avhandlingen är att öka förståelse av och insikt i miljöengagemang och miljöprofil inom miljöteknikföretag. Studien innehåller en onlineundersökning av miljöarbetet inom företag som är listade av Sveriges miljöteknikråd, Swentec i dess nätverk för den svenska miljöteknik­ sektorn. Studien visar att, beroende på undersektor, mellan 21 % och 45 % av företagen i undersökta miljöteknikområden har lagt ut information om sitt miljöarbete på företagets hemsida. Information om produktions- och produktrelaterade miljöfrågor varierar. Det finns företag som tydligt skiljer mellan produktorienterade miljöfrågor och miljöfrågor som berör deras tillverkningsprocesser och aktiviteter. Andra företag gör ingen tydlig åtskillnad mellan dessa frågor i sina miljöpolicydokument och miljöprogram. Vissa företag i branschen begränsar sin miljöinformation till miljömässiga fördelar med deras produkter. Det finns dock företag som tydligt uttalar att sektorns produktrelaterade miljöprofil är en drivkraft för att minimera miljöpåverkan från sin egen verksamhet.</p><p>I studien framkommer också att produktions- och produktrelaterade miljöaspekter behandlas på olika sätt, och är inte alltid tydligt differentierade i olika miljöverktyg och riktlinjer, som i ISO 14000 serien, Rapporteringsriktlinjer för UK Business, Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) och i den svenska årsredovisningslagen (ÅRL).</p><p> </p><p>Produktions- och produktrelaterade miljöaspekter föreslås som dimensioner i ett företags miljöprofil och i beskrivning av företagets miljövänlighet. Det samma gäller som grund för definition av ’gröna’ och ’grön-gröna’ företag. En viktig ståndpunkt i denna avhandling är att företag inom miljötekniksektorn bör vara ’grön-gröna’ företag och att dessa företag bör öka användningen av informationen om produktions- och produktrelaterad miljöprofil, både på sina egna hemsidor och i sina presentationer inom nätverk som Swentec. Dessutom visar studien att användningen av begreppet "process" inom miljöteknikföretag för såväl den egna verksamheten som för sina produkter i vissa fall är otydlig. För att undvika denna oklarhet bör företag med ’processer’ som egna produkter, beskriva företagens egna verksamheter med begrepp som ’produktionsprocess’, ’produktion’, ’tillverkningsprocess’, ’aktiviteter’ eller liknande.</p>

This thesis describes corporate greening in general, and specifically the environmental technology (ET) sector as a green sector. The thesis has also particular focus on production and products related aspects and the influence of the environmental profile of the ET sector on the environmental engagement of companies in the sector. The study is based on a questionnaire-based survey, online surveys and on semi-structured open-ended interviews. The organizations within the ET sector were identified using existing platforms within this sector: Sustainability Sweden and Swentec. The results show that not all companies and industry associations in the ET sector clearly distinguish between product and production related environmental aspects. Furthermore, the product related environmental profile, which constitutes the legitimacy for the sector, can influence companies’ environmental strategy, not only positively but also negatively. The results from the survey on Global Supersector Leaders 2009/2010 in Dow Jones Sustainability Indexes (DJSI) show that all companies are aware of production and product related environmental issues. Based on results from this survey a model of corporate environmental profile consisting of product and production oriented activities as well as initiatives that go beyond the core business operations is proposed. These initiatives can be divided into two groups: environmental education and environmental projects and sponsorship. This thesis proposes products and production related impacts and environmental activities as bases for defining corporate environmental profiles, corporate greening, and for defining ‘green’ and ‘green-green’ business as well as environmental leaders. The distinction between product and production related environmental initiatives as well as the other dimensions of the proposed model in this thesis can support companies in their communication of environmental performance and environmental activities.  Furthermore, ‘competitive advantage’, ‘environmental responsibility’ and ‘environmental leadership’ should motivate companies within the ET sector to be ‘vocal’ green-green firms.

In most business sectors environmental programs focus on direct, production-related environmental impacts. The design and development of products with reduced environmental impact is considered more difficult. The opposite applies in the environmental technology sector. The business model of environmental technology companies focuses on delivering solutions that contribute to improving the environmental performance of their customers. Products and services delivered by this sector have prominent environmental profiles. However, companies in this sector may not necessarily set and implement environmental goals for their own activities and manufacturing processes, and may not clearly distinguish between production and product related environmental aspects. This thesis presents results of an online survey of environmental technology companies listed by the Swedish Environmental Technology Council (Swentec). The survey found that depending on the subsector, only between 21% and 45% of companies provide information about their environmental work on their website. Environmental impacts of a company may be product and/or production related. The survey found that these dimensions are treated differently, and are not always clearly differentiated in environmental tools and guidelines, such as the ISO 14000 series, the Reporting Guidelines for UK Business, the GRI and The Swedish Annual Accounts (ÅRL). There are also differences in the ways that information about production and product related environmental impacts are considered within the environmental technology industry. Some companies clearly distinguish between product and activity related environmental issues, while others are unclear about the distinction between their products and their activities in environmental policies and management. While some companies in the sector limit the environmental information they disseminate to the environmental benefits of their products, others explicitly articulate that the predominantly product related environmental profiles in the sector drive them to additionally minimise environmental impacts of their own activities. This thesis proposes environmental aspects of products and production as bases for corporate environmental profiles, corporate greening, and for defining ‘green’ and ‘green-green’ business, and concludes that companies within the environmental industry should be expected to be green-green business. This thesis concludes that companies within the environmental technology sector should increase their use of both production and product related environmental profile information in their presentations on their own websites and at platforms such as Swentec. Furthermore, the thesis shows that the use of the term ‘process’ within environmental technology sector to describe both the companies’ own operations and their products can create ambiguities in understanding. Companies that deliver ‘processes’ as products should avoid ambiguity by describing their own operations with terms such as ‘production processes’, ‘production’, ‘manufacturing process’, ‘operation’ or ‘activity’. / Ett företags miljöpåverkan kan vara kopplad till tillverkningsprocesser och till produkter. Miljöprogram inom de flesta industrisektorer är inriktade på direkta, produktionsrelaterade miljöaspekter. Däremot anses design och utveckling av produkter med minskad miljöpåverkan svårare. Inom miljötekniksektorn gäller det motsatta. Miljöteknikföretag erbjuder produkter och tjänster med framträdande miljöprofil och levererar lösningar som bidrar till förbättrad miljöprestanda hos deras kunder. Det betyder inte nödvändigtvis att dessa företag arbetar med miljömässiga mål för egna aktiviteter och tillverkningsprocesser, dvs. att dessa företag gör distinktion mellan tillverknings- och produktrelaterade miljöaspekter.   Det övergripande syftet med avhandlingen är att öka förståelse av och insikt i miljöengagemang och miljöprofil inom miljöteknikföretag. Studien innehåller en onlineundersökning av miljöarbetet inom företag som är listade av Sveriges miljöteknikråd, Swentec i dess nätverk för den svenska miljöteknik­ sektorn. Studien visar att, beroende på undersektor, mellan 21 % och 45 % av företagen i undersökta miljöteknikområden har lagt ut information om sitt miljöarbete på företagets hemsida. Information om produktions- och produktrelaterade miljöfrågor varierar. Det finns företag som tydligt skiljer mellan produktorienterade miljöfrågor och miljöfrågor som berör deras tillverkningsprocesser och aktiviteter. Andra företag gör ingen tydlig åtskillnad mellan dessa frågor i sina miljöpolicydokument och miljöprogram. Vissa företag i branschen begränsar sin miljöinformation till miljömässiga fördelar med deras produkter. Det finns dock företag som tydligt uttalar att sektorns produktrelaterade miljöprofil är en drivkraft för att minimera miljöpåverkan från sin egen verksamhet. I studien framkommer också att produktions- och produktrelaterade miljöaspekter behandlas på olika sätt, och är inte alltid tydligt differentierade i olika miljöverktyg och riktlinjer, som i ISO 14000 serien, Rapporteringsriktlinjer för UK Business, Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) och i den svenska årsredovisningslagen (ÅRL).   Produktions- och produktrelaterade miljöaspekter föreslås som dimensioner i ett företags miljöprofil och i beskrivning av företagets miljövänlighet. Det samma gäller som grund för definition av ’gröna’ och ’grön-gröna’ företag. En viktig ståndpunkt i denna avhandling är att företag inom miljötekniksektorn bör vara ’grön-gröna’ företag och att dessa företag bör öka användningen av informationen om produktions- och produktrelaterad miljöprofil, både på sina egna hemsidor och i sina presentationer inom nätverk som Swentec. Dessutom visar studien att användningen av begreppet "process" inom miljöteknikföretag för såväl den egna verksamheten som för sina produkter i vissa fall är otydlig. För att undvika denna oklarhet bör företag med ’processer’ som egna produkter, beskriva företagens egna verksamheter med begrepp som ’produktionsprocess’, ’produktion’, ’tillverkningsprocess’, ’aktiviteter’ eller liknande.

The Thesis provides an overview of environmental management issue and its practical application. The aim of this work is to find out the readiness of a particular company to establish Environmental Management Systems (EMS) and to review, whether the company is prepared for such a change, able to keep and improve the systems. The Thesis contains theoretical background of environmental management including all demands necessary for a company to introduce environmental management into a practice. Acquired information is applied to a selected company, which is a transport company VK-SPED spol. s. r. o. Practical part comprises a study of ecological status of the company via defined analyses and exploration of the environmental profile of the company. This process discovers the potential and ability of the company to implement EMS. Furthermore, the instruction for implementing EMS into a particular company follows. Finally, the results of the work are summarized and a recommendation for a proper environmental management is offered.